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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Data from 11 observed patients with spontaneous pontine haemorrhages were compared to the findings in 235 cases reported in 9 studies. Causes of pontine haemorrhages which have an incidence of 2 to 4/100 000/year include hypertension, vascular malformations (a.v.-haemangioma, cavernous haemangioma, capillary teleangiectasies), anticoagulative treatment and inflammatory vascular disease. Diffusely spreading hypertensive haemorrhages are of apo-plectiform onset with fast developing coma, and show disturbance of vegetative function (disturbance of respiration, cardiac dysrhythmias, hyperthermia, hypertension), miosis and other neuroophthalmologic symptoms, flaccid tetraparalysis and blood-stained cerebrospinal fluid; mortality is high, reaching 50% after 24 hours and 90% after 3 weeks. Vascular malformations are the origin of circumscribed pontine haematomas with slowly progressing disturbance of consciousness and brain stem symptoms with variable course exhibiting multiple remissions and recurrences. In respect of symptomatology and clinical course, slight lateral hypertensive pontine haemorrhages must be placed between these two typical syndromes. Diagnosis of pontine haemorrhages is supported by x-ray computed tomography, but vascular malformations can be detected only by cerebral angiography. Treatment of patients with pontine haemorrhages must be based on intensive care with regular control via CT. Increased intracranial pressure and internal hydrocephalus caused by blockage of CSF passage necessitate ventricular drainage. While hypertensive pontine haemorrhages cannot be surgically treated, pontine haematomas and the causative vascular malformations can be removed.
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PMID:[Spontaneous pontine hemorrhage]. 647 27

Phonocephalography is a simple, passive non-invasive diagnostic technique in tinnitus and cerebral angiology. Pulsatile tinnitus may occur in hypertension, haemodynamic disorders, or extracranial and intracranial vascular abnormalities. It is ignored by otologists and neurologists. Phonocephalography is the amplification and recording of sounds from the surface and cavities of the head. In this case report, the technique of phonocephalography was used to record these sounds and the tinnitus in a case of surface cerebral angioma.
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PMID:Phonocephalography and pulsatile tinnitus in a surface cerebral angioma. Report of a case. 661 57

One case of double aortic arch with coarctation is reported. Anatomically, partial atresia of the anterior arch presented as a Kommerel's diverticulum; the coarctation was situated on the dominant posterior arch just proximal to the origin of the subclavian artery. This malformation had been diagnosed clinically during childhood. The operative indications were increasingly severe hypertension with associated left ventricular hypertrophy, and dramatic epistaxis from a nasal angioma which necessitated repeated arterial embolisation. The surgical treatment comprised the insertion of a prosthetic tube from the brachiocephalic trunk, proximal to the coarctation, to the descending thoracic aorta distal to the coarctation. The immediate operative result was excellent with return of normal peripheral pulses and blood pressure. The diagnostic difficulties of this malformation and its associations with other vascular malformations are emphasised. The surgical indications are discussed and the different techniques reviewed:--resection and end-to-end anastomosis,--tubular prosthesis,--associated procedures for double aortic arch. The choice of technique depends on the age of the patient, the anatomical conditions (double arch, coarctation, collateral circulation), and the quality of the aortic wall (atheroma).
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PMID:[Double aortic arch with coarctation. Apropos of a case]. 677 33

A case of spontaneous spinal extradural haematoma is reported in an 18-year-old male patient. Neither hypertension nor haemorrhagic diathesis was found as a possible cause of bleeding. A conglomerate of abnormal vessels was removed at operation, and histological examination showed the appearance of venous racemose angioma. Reviewing the available literature, 85 cases of spontaneous spinal extradural haematoma have been reported. Twenty-five of them were 20 years of age or younger, and the histological confirmation of angioma as a cause of bleeding was obtained in only five. Nevertheless, an angioma should be seriously suspected as a possible cause of spontaneous spinal extradural haematoma, particularly in the young.
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PMID:[Spinal extradural haematoma--the cause of the bleeding (author's transl)]. 711 Apr 83

Aneurysms and vascular hamartomas, unless too small, may be diagnosed by computerized tomography. In particular, larger arteriovenous malformations and venous angiomas present a fairly typical appearance. Smaller angiomas produce mostly atypical findings and require additional cerebral angiography. Spontaneous intracerebral parenchymal or subarachnoidal haemorrhage is mostly caused by arterial hypertension and/or arteriosclerosis. However, vascular malformations are an important additional cause of bleeding. Demonstration of intracranial haemorrhage is a domain of computerized tomography. Occasionally, an angioma may be revealed. However, the source of bleeding can usually be shown more conclusively by cerebral angiography, an invasive method.
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PMID:[Vascular malformation in cranial computerized tomography (author's transl)]. 711 98

Until 1990, a total of 198 cases of renal haemangiomas have been reported; these patients often have to undergo partial or total nephrectomy. We report a case of a 37 year old female admitted with severe haematuria. Selective renal angiography revealed a haemangioma with arteriovenous shunting, situated centrally in her left kidney. Embolization of the artery supplying the shunt was performed with five coils, and four months later isotope renography showed that both kidneys were functioning equally well. The only observed side-effect was mild hypertension.
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PMID:[Spontaneously bleeding renal hemangioma treated by embolization]. 825 88

Spinal cord arterial-venous malformation (SCAVM) is a kind of rare disease only accounting for 2%-4% of all spinal diseases. This article reports 41 cases of SCAVM out of 300 times of spinal angiography. The recent classification indicates that out of the 41 cases of SCAVM there are 26 cases of intramedullary AVM. 5 cases of perimedulla AVF. 5 cases of spinal dural AVF. 3 cases of Cobb's syndrome and 2 cases of vertebral angioma. They were treated in three ways: embolization only, embolization plus operation and operation only. As a result, the 5 paralyzed patients (3 cases of Cobb's syndrome and 2 cases of vertebral angioma) recovered totally. The factors influencing satisfactory recovery after SCAVM treatment are as follows: (1) Pure steal flow as the main cause is cured. (2) Intravertebral venous hypertension is alleviated. (3) Intravertebral occupied lesion is solved. The factors for unsatisfactory recovery after SCAVM treatment are as follows: (1) The feeding artery and parenchymal artery are embolized. (2) Drainage vein is damaged or thrombosed. (3) Intramedullary hemomyelia and spinal cord is damaged. (4) There is prolonged ischemia and spinal cord atrophy.
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PMID:[Classification and embolization of spinal cord arterial--venous malformation]. 840 34

Two cases of well-known syndrome due to midbrain-brain stem hemorrhage without having a history of hypertension were reported. Case 1 is a 62-year-old female, presenting Weber's syndrome due to midbrain hemorrhage and diagnosed as Moyamoya disease angiographically. Case 2 is a 24-year-old-male, presenting One and a half syndrome due to brain stem hemorrhage from a brain stem cavernous angioma, which was diagnosed angiographically and by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Left hemiparesis seen in case 1 had improved by conservative therapy but no improvement could be obtained in the oculomotor nerve palsy. In case 2, hematoma was aspirated surgically for the purpose of decompression and his neurological symptoms improved markedly. Their pathogenesis and pathophysiology were also discussed.
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PMID:[Two cases of well-known syndrome due to midbrain-brain stem hemorrhage--Weber's syndrome and one and a half syndrome]. 847 67

We reviewed 14 male and 9 female patients with adrenal tumor discovered incidentally by imaging studies in an attempt to assess adrenal function, mainly cortical function. Pathological diagnosis consisted of cortical adenoma in 12 patients, cortical nodular hyperplasia in 2, medullary hyperplasia in 1, cavernous hemangioma in 1, metastatic tumor in 4 and cyst in 2. Another adrenal cyst was diagnosed by percutaneous puncture. In all patients peripheral levels of plasma cortisol and aldosterone were normal. Plasma catecholamine levels were also normal except for 1 patient with medullary hyperplasia who had equivocal elevation. Among the patients with cortical adenoma and hyperplasia, however, 5 of 10 (50%) had excessive excretion of 24-hour urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, 4 of 13 (31%) had a loss of plasma cortisol circadian rhythm and 7 of 14 (50%) had insufficient suppression on the dexamethasone test. Furthermore all patients had an increased ipsilateral uptake that was not suppressed after dexamethasone on 131iodine-adosterol scintigraphy, while a diminished contralateral uptake was noted in 5 of 15 (33%). Postoperatively, hypertension decreased to normal in 2 of 3 patients and impaired glucose tolerance was improved in 1 of 2. Two patients with cortical adenoma who exhibited a loss of plasma cortisol circadian rhythm experienced postoperative adrenal insufficiency. These data indicate that a considerable number of incidentally discovered adrenal tumors are not nonfunctioning particularly in reference to glucocorticoid secretion, and adrenalectomy seems to be beneficial in some of those patients with hypertension or impaired glucose tolerance.
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PMID:Clinical experience of incidentally discovered adrenal tumor with particular reference to cortical function. 851 Feb 81

The Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, typically characterised by the triad of cutaneous haemangioma, venous varicosities, and limb hypertrophy, may also have a formes frustes presentation, with absence of the cutaneous naevus. A case is reported in a 75-year-old woman with a presumptive diagnosis of renovascular hypertension.
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PMID:Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. 875 12


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