Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ticrynafen is an orally administered diuretic that is similar to the thiazides in its therapeutic actions, but unlike the thiazides, it increases urate excretion and lowers serum uric acid levels. Ticrynafen is useful in the treatment of hypertension and in selected cases of chronic congestive heart failure. At present, it appears to be indicated primarily in patients with these disorders who have a history of gout. Patients who are currently receiving a thiazide should not have their therapy arbitrarily changed to ticrynafen because of asymptomatic hyperuricemia.
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PMID:Evaluation of a new uricosuric diuretic--ticrynafen. 51 60

Radiographic contrast aortography and radionuclide dynamic scintigraphy were used to diagnose a congenital renal arteriovenous fistula in a 33 year old woman who presented with hypertension, cardiac decompensation and abdominal bruit. Since dynamic scintigraphy is a noninvasive, nontraumatic, low risk and easily repeatable procedure, it is invaluable for the diagnosis of the fistula and for monitoring patients who are managed without surgery.
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PMID:Dynamic scintigraphy in renal arteriovenous fistula. 54 67

Tienilic acid (TA) is a common new diuretic agent with a potent uricosuric action. In a double-blind cross-over study its antihypertensive effect was compared to that of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT). 20 patients with essential hypertension were studied: after I weeks of placebo wash-out 10 patients received TA (dose range 250-750 mg/die) and 10 HCT (dose range 50-150 mg/die), for 5 weeks. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly and equally reduced (p < 0.001) after the first week of treatment in both groups. While serum uric acid concentration increased after HCT, it was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) after TA treatment. Serum potassium was slightly reduced with both treatments. Serum tryglicerides, unchanged after HCT, showed a slight tendency to reduction on TA treatment. Ten patients with congestive heart failure, on full digitalis treatment, were given TA (dose range 250-1000 mg/die): in each patient a prompt diuretic effect was observed, associated to a significant reduction of body weight and to a marked improvement of the clinical signs of heart failure. Therefore, TA is an effective diuretic agent which may be conveniently used in the treatment of arterial hypertension and congestive heart failure, as it induces a diuretic effect comparable to that obtained with HCT, reducing at the same time, serum uric acid levels.
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PMID:[Tienilic acid in the treatment of arterial hypertension and congestive cardiac insufficiency]. 54 82

Myocardial taurine concentrations have been found to be elevated in hypertension and congestive heart failure states in animals and humans. The mechanism(s) by which myocardial taurine levels increase isn't known. Biosynthesis of taurine by the heart has not been established as a significant process. The fetal mouse heart in culture was used to characterize a taurine uptake system. The uptake of taurine was found to be saturable, temperature and sodium dependent and inhibited by close structural analogs. Taurine uptake was energy dependent and accumulated taurine against a concentration gradient indicating that taurine transport is an active process. Failure of alpha-alanine, alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, glycine, leucine or threonine to decrease taurine uptake establishes that the taurine uptake system is separate and distinct from other neutral alpha-amino acid transport systems in the heart.
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PMID:Carrier-mediated taurine uptake in the fetal mouse heart. 56 51

A patient with intractable congestive cardiac failure secondary to renovascular hypertension and severe coronary artery disease was infused with the competitive antagonist of angiotensin II, saralasin acetate. The infusion produced an impressive increase in cardiac output and left ventricular stroke work index in parallel with a striking decrease in the systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, the coronary resistance, and the myocardial oxygen consumption. It is suggested that angiotensin inhibition may present advantages over other forms of treatment of congestive cardiac failure in selected cases.
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PMID:Angiotensin II inhibition. Treatment of congestive cardiac failure in a high-renin hypertension. 57 78

A review of 126 cases of coarctation of the aorta confirms the need for surgical resection in infants with intractable congestive cardiac failure. The high association with additional cardiovascular abnormalities in patients presenting in early infancy contributes significantly to the mortality. Patients with large ventricular septal defects and coarctation of the aorta are at risk and may require pulmonary artery banding at the time of resection of the aortic coarctation. Long-term complications included restenosis (18 cases) and persistent hypertension (10 cases). In order to prevent persistent hypertension, it is suggested that elective resection of the coarctation be done at 1 year of age.
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PMID:Coarctation of aorta with special reference to infants. Long-term results of operation in 126 cases. 58 80

All autopsies on Black patients who died of heart disease at Baragwanath Hospital were examined for the years 1959, 1960 and 1976. The commonest form of heart disease encountered in South African Blacks is undoubtedly hypertensive heart disease and by far the majority of these cases are of essential hypertension. There appears to have been a slight rise in the incidence of hypertension. Rheumatic heart disease is extremely common, and affects young people, who often have advanced valvular lesions by puberty. The incidence of idiopathic cardiomyopathy does not seem to have altered materially, although there has perhaps been a slight drop, which may be accounted for by the tendency of clinicians to place cases of congestive cardiac failure with mild hypertension in the hypertensive group rather than in the idiopathic cardiomyopathy group. There was a significant alteration in the incidence of myocardial infarction; in 1959 and 1960 these cases comprised less than 1% of all cardiac deaths but in 1976 they comprised nearly 12%. There has also been a dramatic fall in the incidence of cardiovascular syphilis.
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PMID:The changing pattern of heart disease in South African Blacks. 60 91

Blood pressure should be routinely measured in all infants and children. Measurements should be performed with an appropriate size cuff and observed pressures compared to normal values for age. Elevated blood pressure is seen in one to ten percent of children, depending on the age group surveyed and the definition of hypertension selected. Thirty to fifty percent of children with elevated blood pressures are asymptomatic. The remainder have symptoms which are nonspecific, including headaches, visual disturbances, seizures, congestive heart failure, and facial palsy. Hypertension in children, unlike hypertension in the adult, usually has a definite cause which often responds to adequate medical and/or surgical treatment. For this reason, children with well-confirmed hypertension should be thoroughly evaluated. The most common causes of hypertension found in children are renal disease (pyelonephritis, vascular disease, structural malformations) and coarctation of the aorta. An approach to the child with transient or persistent hypertension is described. Diagnostic studies should be individualized and should follow clinical clues where possible. Medical management of the child with acute hypertension is discussed.
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PMID:Elevated blood pressures in infants and children. 62 65

In two patients with severe hypertension and moderately severe renal insufficiency, metolazone and furosemide were used in combination with propranolol, methyldopa, and hydralazine to augment control of blood pressure. This combination of diuretics also was used in five patients with refractory congestive heart failure. The patients developed severe electrolyte disturbances with a general pattern of hyponatremia. disproportionate hypochloremia, alkalosis, and phyokalemia. These abnormalities were transient in the patients with severe hypertension and moderately severe renal insufficiency. Effective long-term control of blood pressure was obtained. In the patients with heart failure, edema persisted. Due to the severity of the electrolyte derangements, metolazone and furosemide were discontinued. Because of potential untoward effects, this combination of diuretics should be used with caution.
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PMID:Severe electrolyte disturbances associated with metolazone and furosemide. 63 11

Isometric exercise increases arterial pressure and heart rate in normotensive individuals and also in patients with labile and fixed essential hypertension. The hypertensinogenic effect of isometric exercise is mediated through an increase in cardiac output because the peripheral vascular resistance is usually not affected. The cardioaccelerating effects of isometric exercise are mediated through an initial vagal withdrawal and a later stimulation of the sympathetic system. However hypertensive patients with defective sympathetic adjustments are not immune to the hypertensinogenic and cardioaccelerating effects of isometric exercise. Since isometric exercises are performed several times during daily activities, they may result in dangerous elevations in arterial pressure in patients with already increased arterial pressure, and this may eventually lead to cerebrovascular accidents and/or cardiac decompensation. It is therefore recommended that patients with elevated arterial pressure, or persons prone to hypertension, should refrain from such activities.
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PMID:Hemodynamic effects of isometric exercise in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. 65 68


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