Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

X-ray and histological studies of 138 patients with tumors of subcortical nodes displayed signs of hypertension in 86.3% of the cases (119 cases). Calcified foci on the craniograms were found in 29 cases (21%) and in histological findings - in 48 cases (34.6%). Petrified foci in benign glial tumors were located between the tumor cells, perivascularly and in the tissue of the perifocal zone of the tumor. In malignant tumors the petrified foci were mainly in the area of necrosis, in microcysts and hemmorrhagical foci. According to the pattern of calcification on the x-ray it was impossible to determine the histological type of the tumor or the degree of malignancy. The volume of calcification on the craniograms do not correspond to the volume and configuration of the intracranial tumor.
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PMID:[An x-ray and histologic study of calcifications of tumors of the subcortical ganglia of the brain]. 17 47

An intracranial hypertension was found at autopsy to be due to a limbic infiltrating glioma. A cortical temporal biopsy had been done 14 months before, whose ultrastructural results are reported. Membranous whorls, made of two dense membranes with a variable separative space are seen around neurones, dendrites, axons, synapses and oligoglial cells; they derived from astrocytes and are joined by 2 types of cell junctions: gap-junctions and puncta adherentia. Relations between reactive and tumoral gliosis are discussed.
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PMID:[External temporal biopsy in a case of infiltrating limbic glioma: study of astrocytic membranous wrapping whorls (author's transl)]. 118 12

A case of anaplastic astrocytoma following radiotherapy for growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma is presented with a review of the literature. A 43 year old female was admitted with the signs of acromegaly and hypertension. An eosinophilic pituitary adenoma was subtotally removed by transsphenoidal approach, and followed by 60 Gy irradiation using a 2 x 2 cm lateral opposed field. Fourteen years later at the age of 57, she suffered from headache, recent-memory disturbance and uncinate fits. CT scan and MRI disclosed ring-like enhanced mass lesion in the left temporal lobe, corresponding to the previous irradiated field. 18F-FDG PET showed hypermetabolism at the lesion. Left frontotemporal craniotomy was performed, and a reddish gray gelatinous tumor containing necrotic center and cyst was partially removed. Histologically, the tumor consisted of hypercellular astrocytic cells with perivascular pseudorosette. Coagulation necrosis at the center of the tumor, and hyalinosis and fibrosis of the blood vessels in and around the tumor, which might have been caused by the antecedent radiotherapy, were recognized. Postoperative radio- and chemotherapy were given, however, she expired 13 months after the operation. Seven cases, including ours, of malignant glioma following radiotherapy for pituitary adenoma were reported in the literature. A total dose of irradiation varies from 45 to 95 Gy with a mean of 50 Gy. The period of latency before tumor occurrence ranges from 5 to 22 years with a mean of 10 years. The differentiation of radiation-induced gliomas from radionecrosis of the brain is also discussed.
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PMID:[Anaplastic astrocytoma 14 years after radiotherapy for pituitary adenoma]. 157 77

To clarify the participation of endothelial-cell-derived growth factors (ECDGFs) in astrocytosis, the effects of endothelial-cell-conditioned medium (ECCM) derived either from normotensive rats or spontaneously hypertensive, stroke-prone rats (SHRSPs) on proliferation of C6 cells of an established rat glioma cell line were bioassayed. The ECCM from both strains stimulated proliferation of astrocytes, but the ECCM from SHRSPs showed a higher mitogenic activity for astrocytes than that from normotensive rats. Growth-promoting activity of the ECCM derived from SHRSPs showed an increase that was linear to the conditioning time. These results seem to indicate that endothelial cells produce and release factors that promote the growth of astrocytes. It seems also probable that chronic hypertension causes an increase in production and release of such ECDGFs that correlated with astrocytic proliferation.
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PMID:Effects of endothelial-cell-derived growth factors on cultured astrocytes. 159 37

Three cases of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (P.X.A.), a low grade leptomeningeal glioma are reported. Prominent histological features used for diagnosis were a cellular pleomorphism of G.F.A.P. positive cells, with intracytoplasmic lipidic vacuols. A reticulinic network and mononuclear cells infiltrates have been observed. A weak mitotic activity and lack of necrosis and of endothelial cells proliferation were significant additional features necessary for diagnosis. Our cases were observed during the surgical management of young patients with resistant epilepsy. Neuroradiological examinations showed a tumor superficially located within the temporal or the parietal lobe. This tumor could be calcified and/or cystic. Operative aspects showed a firm and non-encapsulated leptomeningeal tumor with possible various colors. Our patients were seizures-free after surgery even during the follow-up. From the currently reported cases clinical follow-up ranging for 1.5 to 3 years is not sufficient to predict a favorable carcinologic prognosis. P.X.A. is an uncommon tumor and less than 50 cases are reported throughout the literature. This tumor affecting young subjects mainly during the second decade is revealed in the majority of cases (3/4) by epileptic seizures, less frequently by a deficit or by an intracranial hypertension. The great majority of clinical events are observed before 20 years. The functional prognosis is rather good after surgery with a disappearance of epileptic fits in about 50% of the cases. Throughout the literature the prognosis of this tumor seems to be comparable to low-grade astrocytomas. Optimal management of P.X.A. seems to be primary surgical resection with later surgery for residual or recurrent tumor. The role of radiotherapy in the management of P.X.A. is at this time uncertain.
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PMID:[Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. Apropos of 3 new cases. Review of the literature]. 166 56

The clinical status of patients with glioma is influenced by 1) the histological malignancy of the tumor, 2) the tumor volume, 3) secondary status such as brain edema or intracranial hypertension due to the tumor, and 4) the host immunity. Due to some improvement in at least 2) and 3) by the initial treatment, most low grade glioma cases pass through a clinically silent postsurgical period. However, at a certain point, transition to a high grade tumor malignant transformation may occur with exacerbation of the symptoms. Twenty-two cases of histologically established low grade glioma experienced over the past 7 years, in which immunological status was evaluated, were analyzed. Nine cases (41%) showed malignant transformation. Characteristic pictures of the clinical symptoms, computed tomography (CT) scan findings, immunological status, and morphological findings (mainly immunohistochemical examination) in nine cases were delineated. The findings at the time of exacerbation of the symptoms were as follows. In all cases CT scan demonstrated the change in the main lesion from low density to mixed density and were compatible with a high grade glioma. Reduction in host immunity was verified. Morphological increase in the tumor volume, increase in histological malignancy and deterioration in the secondary status due to the tumor were confirmed. Necrosis of the tumor cells as well as increase in giant cells and gemistocytes were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a decrease and irregularity in glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells and positive processes as well as increase in vimentin intensity. These findings demonstrate change in the biological characteristics of the tumor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinicopathological study on low grade glioma. In relation to malignant transformation]. 170 58

We studied the effects of intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) with a new nitrosourea (hydroxyethyl-chloroethyl nitrosourea: HeCNU) on the visual system of 68 patients with malignant gliomas. The intra-arterial chemotherapy was given as a complementary treatment of glioma after surgery (19 patients), after tumor recurrence (28 patients) and as the preliminary treatment before radiotherapy (21 patients). Eleven patients (16%) suffered a visual complication after two or more courses of chemotherapy. The main visual symptoms included mild to major decrease of visual acuity and in some cases ocular pain, palpebral edema and conjunctival injection. The delay in onset of ocular symptoms from the last course of IAC varied from 1 week to 9 months. From ophthalmoscopic findings, visual field testing and fluorescein angiography, the visual symptoms presented by our patients could be related to ischemic optic neuropathy or retinal vasculopathy. None of the patients had hypertension, diabetes, cardiopathy or hematological disease. Statistical analysis failed to demonstrate a relationship between the occurrence of visual toxicity and patient age, number of courses of HeCNU, the vascular axis treated, total systemic dose or dose by carotid artery, suggesting a possible specific sensitivity of some patients to chemotherapy. The pathophysiology and the therapeutic implications of this visual toxicity are discussed.
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PMID:Visual toxicity following intra-arterial chemotherapy with hydroxyethyl-CNU in patients with malignant gliomas. A prospective study with statistical analysis. 174 75

Blood flow was measured in transplanted rat gliomas before and during a constant intravenous infusion of angiotensin II using hydrogen clearance methods. The brain tumor models were produced in syngeneic Wister-King-Aptekman male rats with stereotaxic inoculation of ethylnitrosourea-induced glioma cells (KEG-1). Induced hypertension up to 150 mmHg (mean arterial pressure) with the infusion of angiotensin II resulted in a significant increase of blood flow to tumor center compared to the normotensive state (p less than 0.001). Blood flow measured simultaneously in brain tissue of tumor-free contralateral hemisphere did not change. The therapeutic effect of administration of the simultaneous 1-(4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) and angiotensin II was evaluated in four experimental groups with the tumor-bearing rats. Twelve days after tumor implantation, the rats were administered angiotensin II to increase the mean arterial blood pressure to 150 mmHg, followed by intravenous injection of ACNU injection. The increased blood pressure was steadily maintained for 20 minutes. The ACNU/induced hypertension group showed a median survival time of 27.0 days, which was significant longer (p less than 0.02) than that of an ACNU treatment group (22.0 days), a hypertension treatment group (19.0 days), or a no treatment group (18.5 days). The enhanced therapeutic effect can be attributed to improving chemotherapeutic drug delivery due to increased blood flow in the tumor.
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PMID:Modification of tumor blood flow and enhancement of therapeutic effect of ACNU on experimental rat gliomas with angiotensin II. 235 53

Seven patients with supratentorial gliomas developed leptomeningeal gliomatosis (LMG) without symptomatic recurrence at the primary tumor site. In all, severe back and radicular pain, often simulating disc disease, preceded the development of spinal cord or cauda equina dysfunction. In 4 instances, intracranial hypertension due to hydrocephalus developed prior to spinal involvement. Cytological examination of the CSF revealed malignant cells in only 2/7 but a myelogram was diagnostic in all 7. All patients received spinal irradiation (RT) and 5 received chemotherapy. Two patients with low-grade gliomas improved transiently; 5 with malignant gliomas responded poorly, became paraplegic over 4 months and eventually died of LMG. When fatal LMG occurs in young adults suffering from supratentorial glioma, the primary tumor is often quiescent. Hydrocephalus is often the first manifestation of LMG and, when it is detected, a myelogram and CSF cytology study should be performed in the hope that diagnosis and treatment of spinal cord lesion at a very early stage will prove beneficial. Irradiation of the entire spinal canal is probably required as there is a high risk of rapid development of new lesions in non irradiated segments of the spinal canal.
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PMID:Leptomeningeal gliomatosis with spinal cord or cauda equina compression: a complication of supratentorial gliomas in adults. 271 19

Monozygotic twins sisters with optic glioma "in mirror image" (one with involvement of the left optic nerve and the other with the right optic nerve) and hydrocephalus secondary to progressive stenosis of the aqueduct have been found in a series of 128 cases below 14 years of age with neurofibromatosis. The optic glioma was diagnosed in each of the twins at 2 years of age. In one twin the tumor involved only the optic nerve but in the other the glioma affected the optic nerve and spread to the homolateral zone of the optic chiasm. First symptoms of hydrocephalus appeared at 8 years and 11 years of age respectively but ventriculo-peritoneal shunting procedures were performed to relieve intracranial hypertension at 11 years and 15 years of age respectively. At 2 years of age both twins had pneumoencephalography which demonstrated normal air passage through the aqueduct and cerebral ventricles of normal size and morphology. Posterior studies with CT-scan demonstrated progressive obstruction of the aqueduct with very slow progression of the hydrocephalus in each twin, although it was not observed simultaneously. The increased intracranial pressure was tolerated for many years in each twin without obvious symptoms which could be attributed to the slow progression of the aqueduct obstruction.
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PMID:Optic glioma with progressive occlusion of the aqueduct of Sylvius in monozygotic twins with neurofibromatosis. 283 13


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