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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among 407 patients (416 eyes) with retinal vein occlusion (RVO), 196 eyes had branch RVO, 185 eyes central RVO, and 26 eyes hemi-central RVO. The ischemic type accounted for 39.7%, and the non-ischemic type 60.3%. The risk factors were vascular hypertension (59.8%), retinal arteriosclerosis (58.0%), increased blood beta-lipoprotein (49.0%) and fibrinogen (21.7%), and high blood viscosity. The mean levels of whole blood and plasma viscosity were significantly higher in the patients than in the controls. The therapeutic effective rate was 63.2% for branch RVO, 52.4% for central RVO, and 69.2% for hemicentral RVO. The resultant rate of blindness was 15.9%, and that of low vision 23.1%, due to cystoid macular edema (44.4%) and vitreous hemorrhage (15.4%). The incidence of neovascular glaucoma was 9.5% in central RVO.
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PMID:[Risk factors and visual prognosis of 407 patients with retinal vein occlusion]. 181 18

Carotid artery obstructive disease, although infrequently diagnosed as a primary or contributing cause of neovascular glaucoma, can produce distinctive characteristics. Decreased perfusion of the ciliary body may decrease aqueous humor production. As a result, such eyes with neovascular glaucoma may occasionally be normotensive or even hypotensive. Fluorescein angiography may show an increased arm-to-retina time and leakage from the major retinal arterioles. Panretinal photocoagulation may not eliminate the anterior segment neovascularization because of anterior segment ischemia. Endarterectomy can significantly increase intraocular pressure as perfusion to the ciliary body returns to normal. These characteristics were found in two patients, a 67-year-old woman and a 49-year-old man, with diabetes and hypertension. In both cases cyclocryotherapy significantly reduced the intraocular pressure and the rubeosis iridis regressed.
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PMID:Neovascular glaucoma and carotid artery obstructive disease. 240 76

We reported a 72-year-old male with ischemic oculopathy due to ophthalmic artery stenosis followed by ipsilateral border zone infarction due to internal carotid artery stenosis. The patient had history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. He had severe headache and visual disturbance of the right eye. He was diagnosed right neovascular glaucoma and left diabetic retinopathy (simple type), and received diuretics, beta-blockade and other anti-hypertensive drugs. One month later, he noticed left mild hemiparesis in a morning, and he experienced progression of left hemiparesis over a week. He was admitted to our hospital on the 11th day. He showed left complete hemiplegia, left sensory disturbance, anosognosia and left unilateral spatial neglect. His right eye was diagnosed neovascular glaucoma but left eye was normal. The 5th days CT showed low density area in the right terminal zone and bilateral periventricular lucency. At the same area, the 46th days MRI showed high intensity area in the T2-weighted image and low intensity area in the T1-weighted image. Cerebral angiography performed on the 33rd day, disclosed severe kinking at the cervical segment and 50% stenosis at the intracavernous segment in the right internal carotid artery, and 90% stenosis and post-stenotic dilatation of the right ophthalmic artery. Left internal carotid artery had each 60% stenosis at the cervical segment and the intracavernous segment. Left ophthalmic artery had severe stenosis from its beginning to distal part. This infarction was considered berder zone infarction by it's localization (terminal zone) and internal carotid artery stenosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of ischemic oculopathy followed by border zone infarction]. 258 88

Data collected during the first five years after randomization in the Diabetic Retinopathy Study were analyzed to determine the effect of panretinal photocoagulation on intraocular pressure (IOP). At each follow-up visit, median IOP was identical for the treated and untreated eyes. Mean IOP rose slightly in each group. The proportion of untreated eyes with IOP above 30 mm Hg at two consecutive visits was twice that of the treated eyes (2% vs 1%). These data show that panretinal photocoagulation reduces the risk of subsequent intraocular hypertension, apparently by preventing the development of neovascular glaucoma.
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PMID:Intraocular pressure following panretinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic Retinopathy Report No. 11. 355 29

A review of 208 patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is presented. The most common primary etiologic associations included retinal venous obstructive disease (36.1%), diabetic retinopathy (32.2%), and carotid artery obstructive disease (12.9%). Systemic arterial hypertension was present in 51% and diabetes mellitus was noted in 46% of all patients. Among the 25 bilateral cases of NVG, 24 occurred in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Women comprised 65% of patients with NVG secondary to diabetes, and 57% of the venous obstruction group, while men accounted for 74% of cases in which NVG occurred secondary to carotid artery obstructive disease. Overall, 97% of eyes with NVG had a disease process that produced extensive retinal ischemia and preceded the onset of iris neovascularization. Patients with NVG, but without an obvious precipitating fundus condition, should be suspected of having severe carotid artery obstructive disease.
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PMID:Neovascular glaucoma. Etiologic considerations. 620 91

Forty-four patients with central retinal vein occlusion, who had been treated with decompression of the central retinal artery and vein by section of the posterior scleral ring were studied, in order to evaluate the benefit of the surgery. Our results were compared with others in which the disease was left to follow its natural course, without any treatment. The most common associated vascular disease was systemic hypertension. The visual prognosis was better in venous stasis retinopathy than in hemorrhagic retinopathy. In the present article, special emphasis was placed on the occurrence of neovascular glaucoma after surgery.
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PMID:Treatment of the occlusion of the central retinal vein by section of the posterior ring. 651 41

The prevalence of glaucoma and ocular hypertension was investigated in an epidemiological study of diabetics traced by registration of prescriptions on insulin and oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHA) on the island of Falster (inhabitants 44 498), Denmark. Among 533 diabetics (227 insulin- and 306 OHA-treated) the prevalence rate of primary open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension was 6.0% and 3.0%, respectively. Neovascular glaucoma occurred in 2.1% of all diabetics and in 21.3% of diabetics with proliferative retinopathy. Open angle glaucoma was more prevalent (P less than 0.01) in type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with type 1 diabetes mellitus. No difference in the prevalence of neovascular glaucoma was found between type 1 and type 2 diabetics. The occurrence of open angle glaucoma correlated positively (P less than 0.01) to the current age (greater than 65 years) in both groups and the diabetes onset age (greater than 40 years) in insulin-treated diabetics. Neovascular glaucoma correlated positively (P less than 0.05) with diabetic macrovascular complications in total (myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, arterial hypertension, cerebrovascular stroke, gangrene/amputation), neuropathy and severe microvascular complications (proliferative retinopathy, retinovascular occlusion). Diabetics with open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension showed a higher frequency (P less than 0.05) of ischemic heart disease, arterial hypertension and retinovascular occlusion compared with diabetics without glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
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PMID:The prevalence of glaucoma and ocular hypertension in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. An epidemiological study of diabetes mellitus on the island of Falster, Denmark. 663 28

Two hundred and thirty five patients with central retinal vein occlusion (mean age 64.9 years, 95% CI (63.3, 66.5) years), comprising 221 white Europeans, 10 Asians and 4 West Indians) were studied over a 7 year period of whom 13.2% (n = 31) developed rubeosis (mean age 70.1 years, 95% CI (66.3, 73.9) years; all white Europeans). Comparisons were made with 31 of the original 235 CRVO patients who did not develop rubeosis, and who were individually matched for age, sex and ethnic origin. The 31 patients developing rubeosis were significantly older (p = 0.013) than the 204 patients not developing rubeosis (mean age 64.1 years, 95% CI (62.3, 65.9) years). There was no significant difference between the CRVO group with rubeosis and the uncomplicated matched CRVO group in the prevalence rates of hypertension (64.5% vs. 45.2%), hyperlipidaemia (48.4% vs. 38.7%) or diabetes mellitus (9.7% vs. 12.9%). We conclude that neovascular glaucoma is more likely to occur in older subjects with CRVO.
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PMID:Are there medical conditions specifically underlying the development of rubeosis in central retinal vein occlusion? 769 18

The optic disc and retinal neovascularization are less prominent and less frequent in myopic eyes in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus. The exact mechanisms of this phenomenon are not well known, but there is some evidence that there is a reduced blood flow in myopic eyes which is associated with less damaged microcirculation in eyes of patients with diabetes mellitus. The aim of our study was to evaluate the correlation between myopic refractive error and degree of diabetic retinopathy. We conducted a retrospective study in a group of randomized patients, divided into the following groups according to their refractive error: emmetropia (30 eyes), myopia simplex (30 eyes) and high myopia, over -6.5 dsph (21 eyes). Among patients with high myopia, seven had monocular myopia. All patients suffered from non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus for more than ten years, and their average age was 52.37-3.48 years. We did not observe patients with rubeosis iridis and neovascular glaucoma or patients with myopia less than -2.0 dsph. Our results indicated that there was no significant difference in the appearance of fundus between the studied groups. In all patients the incidence rate of non proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy was the same as well as the absence of retinopathy (Fisher's test). The only exception were the patients with monocular myopia over -13.o dsph who had no signs of diabetic retinopathy in myopic eye, while the other, emmetropic eye, showed various stages of retinopathy, from severe non proliferative to proliferative. Some of the risk factors which influence the incidence rate of ocular complications in diabetic patients are well known, as are duration of diabetes mellitus, blood sugar level, blood pressure, ocular pressure and eye perfusion. On the other hand, it is also known that amblyopia, optic atrophy, low blood pressure in central retinal artery and retinitis pigmentosa are ocular conditions which are not associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. It was also noticed that complications of diabetes in high myopic eyes are less prominent than in emmetropic eyes. This finding is in harmony with our results. Sultanov et al. observed diabetic changes in the retina in 40.9% of myopic refraction patients, 65.2% of emmetropia cases and 70.4% of hypermetropia cases. The severity of involvement was less in myopia than in other types of refraction. In medium severe myopia, no proliferative diabetic retinopathy was observed, and in high myopia (10 eyes) no diabetic involvement of the fundus oculi was found. In anisometropia diabetic symptoms on the myopic side were either absent or poorly manifest. The possible cause of such findings could be the changes in retinal perfusion in myopic eyes and eyes in patients with diabetes mellitus. In 1973 a lower blood flow was detected in the retina and the choroid, proportionally to the degree of myopia. In 1982, Perkins indicated that the circulation time and pulsation rate in the central retinal artery in myopic eyes were reduced proportionally to the degree of myopia. In cases with early diabetic retinopathy Coscas detected a lesser blood flow in retinal veins. On the other hand, it has been found that high blood pressure increases the risk of diabetic retinopathy. These data suggest that the reduced blood flow in high myopia is a protective factor regarding the occurrence of complications in diabetes. Anisometropia and amblyopia in cases with monocular myopia, which presents a particular group in our study, could be factors which also prevent the occurrence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Instead of conclusion, we would like to point out that pathophysiologic mechanisms of these phenomena are not discussed enough. It is, nevertheless, important to appropriately examine the fundus in patients with high myopia and diabetes mellitus, because if the complications appear, they may be disastrous and must be treated immediately.
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PMID:[Occurrence of changes in the eye in diabetic retinopathy with significant myopia]. 992 Oct 19

We performed a retrospective study of serum factors associated with neovascular glaucoma that can occur following vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The medical records of 183 patients (241 eyes) who received vitrectomy between August 1996 and August 2000 were studied retrospectively and subsequently analyzed by linear logistic regression analysis and multiple logistic regression tests. Neovascular glaucoma developed at an average of 2.7 months in 31 of 241 eyes (14.1%). The overall anatomical success rate of retinal attachment was 82.5% (199 eyes in 241 eyes), although it decreased to 45.1% (14 eyes in 31 eyes) in eyes with neovascular glaucoma. Serum cholesterol (P = 0.041) and fibrinogen levels (P = 0.020) were significantly associated with the development of neovascular glaucoma. However, no significant association could be found concerning hypertension, diabetic retinopathy or hypercholesterolemia (P > 0.05). We suggest that serum creatinine, cholesterol and fibrinogen levels can be used to predict the development of neovascular glaucoma in vitrectomized eyes with diabetic retinopathy and can further provide a more active approach to preventing the development of this condition.
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PMID:Serum factors associated with neovascular glaucoma following vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. 1181 87


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