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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Extracapsular extraction of cataract followed by I.O.L., implantation in P.C. was performed in 10 patients affected by Primary Ocular Hypertension and cataract. The aim of this study was to evaluate if implantation could support a modification of I.O.P. and an evolution from hypertension to glaucoma. The postsurgical stability of I.O.P., the absence of alterations in visual field and optic disc during the 6 months after surgery demonstrate that ocular hypertension is not contraindicative to I.O.L. implantation in P.C.
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PMID:Extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber implantation in primary ocular hypertension: preliminary report. 274 56

A new compression test with an especially constructed mechanic oculopressor allows to make both functional and tonometric measurements during the test. The method was used in 48 eyes of healthy persons and 196 eyes with advanced, initial glaucoma, preglaucoma and ocular hypertension. The results obtained have shown that the test is effective for detection of preglaucoma and ocular hypertension as well as for differential diagnosis of initial glaucoma and ophthalmic hypertension by the analysis of changes of the blind spot area, the time of restoration of its sizes to the initial state and dynamics of annular compression coefficients at the time of the test.
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PMID:[The importance of a new compression test in the diagnosis of preglaucoma and initial glaucoma]. 275 65

Individuals with cystic fibrosis have a 1% to 7% incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The occurrence of diabetic microangiopathy in patients with cystic fibrosis has been reported recently. From 1978 to 1987, 19 patients with cystic fibrosis and diabetes mellitus were followed up. Four patients (21%) had evidence of diabetic microangiopathy. In one, peripheral neuropathy developed 5 years after the onset of diabetes mellitus, and the other 3 patients each had complications of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy which developed 10 years after the onset of diabetes mellitus. All were poorly compliant in their medical care. Significant morbidity was seen in the 3 patients with multisystem involvement--blindness, glaucoma, hypertension, and renal failure. The combination of long-standing diabetes mellitus, poor glycemic control, plus pathophysiologic features associated with cystic fibrosis may have contributed to the development of microangiopathy. The use of steroids in 4 other patients and dextrose infusions (as part of hyperalimentation) in another 4 patients precipitated or exacerbated diabetes. The data indicate that diabetic microangiopathy can occur in the individual with cystic fibrosis. Routine screening for diabetes and its complications in the population with cystic fibrosis, as well as optimal control of hyperglycemia, is warranted.
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PMID:Diabetic microangiopathy in patients with cystic fibrosis. 278 Jan 26

Forty-three patients with glaucoma and 24 patients with ocular hypertension presenting with a retinal vein occlusion were medically assessed. The prevalence of systemic hypertension was 60.5% in those with glaucoma and 66.6% with ocular hypertension. The prevalence of hyperlipidaemia was 38.1% in those with glaucoma and 37.5% in those with ocular hypertension. These findings were compared with those from a carefully age-sex matched group of patients presenting with a retinal vein occlusion without evidence of glaucoma or ocular hypertension. There were no statistical differences between any of the groups (52.2% had systemic hypertension and 28.8% had hyperlipidaemia). There was also a strikingly high prevalence of systemic hypertension (89%) and hyperlipidaemia (55.5%) in nine of the patients who had evidence of a recurrent retinal vein occlusion associated with glaucoma, and these prevalence rates were strikingly similar to the rates in patients with recurrence but without glaucoma. The data suggest that glaucoma or ocular hypertension has a less prominent aetiological role in the development of a retinal vein occlusion than underlying medical causes and that full medical assessment is worthwhile.
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PMID:Medical conditions underlying retinal vein occlusion in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. 280 20

A retrospective follow-up study of 206 eyes with exfoliation in 164 patients was carried out. At the time exfoliation (EX) was initially diagnosed, there were 97 patients with unilateral and 42 patients (84 eyes) with bilateral exfoliation. In 25 patients the exfoliation was connected with hypertension or glaucoma in the fellow eye. The average age of the patients with unilateral EX was 66.3 years and that of the patients with bilateral EX 68.0 years. The initial mean IOP (+/- SD) of 17.9 (+/- 2.9) mmHg in 97 unilateral EX eyes was statistically significantly higher (2p less than 0.001) than in the normal fellow eye 16.1 (+/- 2.5) mmHg. Of the 97 eyes with unilateral EX, 45.3% with an initial mean IOP of 17.4 mmHg remained unchanged. The mean follow-up time was 5.0 years. Conversion of unilateral to bilateral EX was observed in 14.4% of cases. The mean time of conversion was 4.5 years. Of the 84 bilateral EX eyes with an initial mean IOP of 17.0 mmHg, 66.7% remained unchanged. Of the total sample of 206 EX eyes, 65.5% remained normotensive and 34.5% developed hypertension or glaucoma during the follow-up period. The initial mean IOP of those eyes which remained normotensive was statistically significantly lower than that of those which later on developed hypertension or glaucoma (2p less than 0.001).
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PMID:Intraocular pressure in exfoliation syndrome. 285 21

This discussion reviews drugs that affect the eye, including antihyperglycemic agents; corticosteroids; antirheumatic drugs (quinolines, indomethacin, and allopurinol); psychiatric drugs (phenothiazine, thioridazine, and chlorpromazine); drugs used in cardiology (practolol, amiodarone, and digitalis gylcosides); drugs implicated in optic neuritis and atrophy, drugs with an anticholinergic action; oral contraceptives (OCs); and topical drugs and systemic effects. Refractive changes, either myopic or hypermetropic, can occur as a result of hyperglycemia, and variation in vision is sometimes a presenting symptom in diabetes mellitus. If it causes a change in the refraction, treatment of hyperglycemia almost always produces a temporary hypermetropia. A return to the original refractive state often takes weeks, sometimes months. There is some evidence that patients adequately treated with insulin improve more rapidly than those taking oral medication. Such patients always should be referred for opthalmological evaluation as other factors might be responsible, but it might not be possible to order the appropriate spectacle correction for some time. The most important ocular side effect of the systemic adiministration of corticosteroids is the formation of a posterior subcapsular cataract. Glaucoma also can result from corticosteroids, most often when they are applied topically. Corticosteroids have been implicated in the production of benign intracranial hypertension, which is paradoxical because they also are used in its treatment. The most important side effect of drugs such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine is an almost always irreversible maculopathy with resultant loss of central vision. Corneal and retinal changes similar to those caused by the quinolines have been reported with indomethacin, but there is some question about a cause and effect relationship. The National Registry of Drug Induced Ocular Side Effects in the US published 30 case histories of cataract suspected to be induced by allopurinol; numerous additional cases have been reported to the registry since. Phenothiazine, with an estimated 3% incidence of side effects, appears to be safer than other antipsychotic drugs, but the rate of ocular effects increases with the duration of therapy. Thioridazine and chlorpromazine are known to cause lens deposits and pigmentary retinopathy. There is a significantly high prevalence of thrombophlebitis and pseudotumor cerebri among women who use OCs and thrombotic retinal vascular disease, such as retinal vein occulsion, might be linked with them. It also is probable that, because of altered hydration of the cornea, there is a decreased tolerance to contact lenses.
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PMID:Drugs affecting the eye. 286 12

Values of plasma free cortisol (not bound to plasma proteins), total plasma cortisol, and percent free cortisol were determined in normal, ocular hypertensive, and open angle glaucomatous subjects. Median total plasma, plasma free, and percent free cortisol levels were higher in ocular hypertensive and glaucomatous individuals. The most significant differences occurred with percent free cortisol values between normal and glaucomatous subjects. There was a significant positive correlation between percent free cortisol and total cortisol levels in normal subjects only. For subjects with glaucoma and hypertension, the percent free cortisol values were independent of the total cortisol values. Multilinear regression analysis also indicated that besides diagnosis and level of total plasma cortisol, male sex, blood sampling late in the day, and increased diastolic blood pressure were the only variables significantly related to increased values of plasma free cortisol and percent free cortisol. Ocular medication for glaucoma and use of beta-blockers were not found to be significant independent variables in the regression models for either plasma free cortisol or percent free cortisol. These observations further suggest that a disorder of the pituitary adrenal axis and/or a binding of plasma cortisol is associated with ocular hypertension and open angle glaucoma.
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PMID:Increased plasma free cortisol in ocular hypertension and open angle glaucoma. 288 54

beta-Blocking therapy is used extensively is conditions as diverse as hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, thyrotoxicosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, migraine, glaucoma, and myocardial infarction. Studies show they beneficially influence sinus node and atrioventricular conduction, but excessively high doses may cause sinus arrest or sinoatrial block. Nonselective beta-blockade in asthmatic patients may aggravate bronchoconstriction, whereas increased airways resistance is less likely with beta 1-selective, partial agonist, or alpha-beta-blocking drugs. Hypoglycemia can be prolonged; beta 1-selective or partial agonist drugs may cause less interference with glucose metabolism. beta-Blockade affects free fatty acids, lipids and lipoproteins, thyroid hormones, and parathormone. beta-Blockade may normalize abnormal platelet aggregation. Finally, the choice of the most effective drug depends on the clinician's knowledge of the various pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic drug profiles, allied with familiarity of the patient's medical condition.
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PMID:Circulatory and metabolic aspects of beta-adrenoceptor blockade. 290 49

Blood viscosity and its determinants were measured in 27 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, 15 patients with ocular hypertension and 18 healthy control subjects matched for sex, blood pressure and smoking habits. The mean blood viscosity value was significantly higher in the glaucoma group than in the two other groups at all three shear rates studied; there was no difference in viscosity between the hypertension group and the control group. The mean hematocrit value was significantly lower in the hypertension group than in the two other groups. The results suggest that blood viscosity may contribute to nerve damage in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. The low hematocrit observed in the patients with ocular hypertension may, by contributing to low viscosity, in some measure protect this group from optic nerve damage.
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PMID:Blood viscosity in ocular hypertension. 322 77

In a series of 519 patients with pseudoexfoliation of the lens capsule (PXF), more than half (286) presented with glaucoma, most either bilateral (61) or unilateral (157) chronic open-angle glaucoma and some acute glaucomas (65). In unilateral PXF glaucoma, the presence of PXF in the fellow eye was a serious risk factor--a raised intraocular pressure (IOP) developed in almost three quarters of these eyes and glaucoma in nearly one quarter. Because glaucoma developed in one quarter of eyes with ocular hypertension on presentation, careful treatment of this hypertension is indicated. If the IOP was not raised on presentation, it developed in only one of eight eyes, and glaucoma developed in one third of these; therefore, regular follow-up only is necessary. Acute glaucoma was usually open-angle PXF glaucoma. The response to medical treatment though good initially, usually fialed on follow-up. Although laser trabeculoplasty was often effective, usually with medical treatment, surgery was often necessary and usually successful though often with adjuvant medical treatment.
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PMID:The presentation and prognosis of glaucoma in pseudoexfoliation of the lens capsule. 326 48


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