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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Results of histological and histochemical studies of the choroid of the eyes of deceased old people who when alive suffered from glaucoma, hypertensive disease and atherosclerosis, are presented. It was established that hypertensive disease, general atherosclerosis, symptomatic hypertension brought about peculiar changes in the choroid vessels and stroma. There were revealed changes in the venous system of the choroid of the glaucomatous eyes, which testified to the presence of venous congestion in them, this apparently being one of pathogenetic factors in origination of primary glaucoma.
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PMID:[Comparative pathology of the choroid vessels in glaucoma, hypertension and arteriosclerosis]. 13 10

Some hypothesized risk factors in chronic open-angle glaucoma were investigated in a sample of 87 patinets with glaucoma and 87 matched controls. A significant positive association was found with diabetes, a systolic blood pressure/intraocular pressure (BP/IOP) ratio less than 5.75, and the taking of medication for systemic hypertension. No significant association was found with a history of smoking or an elevated systemic blood pressure. Analysis indicates that the systolic BP/IOP index may be useful as a screening test for the detection of glaucoma in samples where the prevalence of glaucoma is high.
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PMID:Relative risk factors in chronic open-angle glaucoma: an epidemiological study. 32 56

The tricyclic antidepressants have a complex interaction with several tissues both in experimental animals and in man. Side effects exerted by these drugs may be so severe as to justify a careful management of each individual depressed patient. The clinician must be aware of these effects above all in treating overdose poisoning and suicide attempts. This paper reviews the tricyclic-induced organic and psychologic disturbances, attention being paid to the antidepressant pharmacodynamics and the importance of biogenic amines-reuptake inhibition. Further studies on the pharmacokinetics of tricyclic antidepressants are needed however to clarify the mechanisms of their side effects. In this situation, increased drug levels should be tried only after lower dosages have proved ineffective in relieving the depressive symptomatology. In any case, the greatest caution should be used in the treatment of patients with cardiovascular diseases, severe hypertension, glaucoma, or a tendency to retain urine. Nevertheless, at present no new antidepressant has been found which may offer more selective therapeutic advantages than the classical tricyclic thymoleptics (imipramine-like drugs).
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PMID:Tricyclic antidepressants: a review of their toxicology. 34 Jan 45

16 renal transplant recipients underwent ophthalmological examination 11.4, 19.4 and 61.3 months after renal transplantation. The most common side effects of immunosuppressive therapy were steroid-induced cataract formation, steroid glaucoma, and recurrent subconjunctival haemorrhages. Posterior sub-capsular cataracts may develop as early as 2 months after surgery, reach their highest incidence within 2 years and may be reversible under low dosage steroid therapy. 75.5% of 57 ophthalmologically examined patients showed ocular complications or changes, but visual function was not severely disturbed. Despite hypertension in 23 cases, no hypertensive retinopathy was observed. In the light of these findings we assume that kidney transplantation has a positive influence on ocular functions, and especially on fundus changes dating from the time of regular dialysis treatment.
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PMID:[Long-term ophthalmologic follow-up after kidney transplantation]. 36 45

For the last 10 years 500 iridencleisis and 250 trepanotrabeculectomies were performed. For this study are subjected only 205 cases of basal and total iridencleisis and 100 cases of trepanotrabeculectomy, performed in chronic open and chronic closed angle glaucoma. The authors point out that some common factors play the role on the final results, independently of the type of the operation. It was observed that the results were worse in patients having the diabetes and/or arterial hypertension, when the operation is performed in the advanced age or in the late stage of glaucoma, and also if the eye was already operated. To evaluate the result of the operations (basal and total iridencleisis, trepanotrabeculectomy) the authors estimate that is not enough to take the intraocular tension as the unic parameter, one should take in consideration also the visual field, visual acuity and also the state of the optic disc in the follow-up period (see Tbl. 4). This period should not be shorter than one year. With the trepanotrabeculectomy (85%) and with total iridencleisis (86,5%) the intraocular tensions could be normalised in the higher percentage than with the basal iridencleisis (75,5%). On the other hand, if one take also the other parameters for the evaluation (visual field, visual acuity, status of the optic disc) one could conclude that the best result was achieved with trepanotrabeculectomy (80% the complete consolidation), and than with total iridencleisis (69,4%) or basal iridencleisis (67%). In trepanotrabeculectomy the peroperative and postoperative complications are rare.
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PMID:[Comparative results of trepanotrabeculectomy and iridencleisis in primary glaucoma]. 44 10

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors used in the treatment of glaucoma, seizure disorders, and hypertension are rarely associated with blood dyscrasias. Several case reports of aplastic anemia with use of acetazolamide, and two cases with use of methazolamide, have appeared in the literature. This article describes two cases of aplastic anemia, at least one of which was almost certainly induced by the use of methazolamide, and one case of agranulocytosis related to the use of methazolamide.
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PMID:Aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis in patients using methazolamide for glaucoma. 44 45

In a retrospective study, 92 patients with ocular hypertension, ie, intraocular pressure of 21 mm Hg or higher, and no evidence of glaucomatous visual field defects, were observed for five years. Visual field defects developed in one or both eyes of 33 patients during the five-year follow-up period, while none were detected in the remaining 59. Values for suspected risk factors, determined at the outset of the follow-up period, were subjected to a multivariate analysis with use of linear discriminant analysis and a multiple logistic function. Models of risk providing maximum separation of the two patient groups (visual field loss vs no visual field loss) found that the risk factors having the greatest significance for prediction of visual field loss included vertical estimates of cup/disc ratio, mean IOP during the period of observation, a positive family history of glaucoma, and age. Factors having the lowest predictive values included IOP response to topical dexamethasone, plasma cortisol suppression, and a history of systemic hypertension.
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PMID:Multivariate analysis of the risk of glaucomatous visual field loss. 46 68

The injection of alpha-chymotrypsin into the posterior chamber of the eye is known to produce an experimental ocular hypertension of long duration in animals. The present study reports the pathological changes which occur in the eye during the first nine months after the ocular injection of alpha-chymotrypsin in rabbits. Six weeks after treatment most of the eyes showed a buphthalmia and an intraocular pressure elevation which varied greatly from animal to animal. The anterior chamber angle of the treated eyes showed a progressive enlargement. Several days after the enzyme injection a transient increase in thickness of the cornea and Descemet membrane was noted. Cupping of the optic disc, characterized by a total disappearance of the optic nerve head fibers and an excavation beginning at margins of the retina appeared after four months and in most cases were present seven months after the treatment. More or less prominent retinal degeneration was also evidenced three months after enzyme injection. The results indicate alpha-chymotrypsin-induced occular hypertension in the rabbit leads after several months to pathological change in the eye analogous to that observed in human glaucoma.
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PMID:[Experimental alpha-chymotrypsin model of glaucoma in the rabbit: histopathological studies (author's transl)]. 52 8

Five cases of expulsive hemorrhage occurring over a period of one year were reviewed. Two cases occurred during a trabeculectomy procedure. There appear to be multiple factors playing a role in the etiology of expulsive hemorrhage. There was not a single common factor among these 5 cases, except for the conjectural presence of some kind of vascular disease. However, there were some important factors that may have played a role such as glaucoma, hypertension, vascular disease, and general anesthesia (and sudden decompression of the globe).
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PMID:Expulsive hemorrhage: report of five cases. 73 15

Multiple serum chemical values were examined in 92 patients with chronic glaucoma who were treated with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) acetazolamide or methazolamide, seeking relationships between serum composition and symptomatic side effects. Of the 92 patients, 44 complained of a symptom-complex of malaise, fatigue, weight loss, depression, anorexia, and loss of libido, which we have found most commonly to threaten continuation of therapy. Patients who had this symptom complex were significantly more acidotic than those without it. Ten of 24 patients who had chemical evidence of excessive acidosis reported a dramatic alleviation of symptoms when sodium bicarbonate was administered, although their serum CO2-combining power changed little. There was no correlation of the symptom complex with serum potassium concentration, except in a few patients who were simultaneously receiving chlorothiazide diuretics for systemic hypertension and who became frankly hypokalemic.
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PMID:Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor side effects. Serum chemical analysis. 88 13


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