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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A significant association between elevations of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) levels and those of blood pressure and hypertension has been reported separately in drinkers and nondrinkers. The aim of the present study is to evaluate whether the relationship between serum gamma-GTP and the prevalence of hypertension is the same or similar in both drinkers and nondrinkers. The study subjects comprised 4,920 male nondrinkers, 9,390 male daily drinkers, 8,081 female nondrinkers, and 278 female daily drinkers, who were aged 40 to 59 years. The prevalence of hypertension in the male and female daily drinkers was 1.5 and 1.3 times, respectively, higher than in the nondrinkers. Mean systolic blood pressure in the male and female drinkers was 4.4 and 3.1 mmHg, respectively, higher than in the nondrinkers. After adjusting for age, body mass index, and serum gamma-GTP levels, the differences in the prevalence of hypertension and the mean systolic blood pressure level between the drinkers and nondrinkers decreased to 1.2 times and 2.7 mmHg, respectively. Although these small differences remained statistically significant, the association between serum gamma-GTP and hypertension appears to be quite similar in both drinkers and nondrinkers, suggesting that hepatic steatosis may play a common, pathogenetic role in the development of hypertension.
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PMID:The relationship between serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels and hypertension: common in drinkers and nondrinkers. 874 7

Levels of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, prevalence of hypertension, abnormal glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL-cholesterol level, and fatty liver in normal body mass index (BMI) subjects with high or low waist/height ratios were investigated in middle aged men (45-54 years, BMI: 22-23.2 kg/m2) undergoing a routine health examination. The subjects were divided into two groups according to whether their waist/height ratios were > or = 0.5 (n = 131) or < 0.5 (n = 121). There was no significant difference in age or BMI between the two groups, however, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, triglyceride, cholesterol levels, the prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance, hypercholesterolemia, fatty liver (30.5% vs. 15.7%, p < 0.01), and morbidity index for CHD risk factors (sum of the five risk factors scored as one point each if present) (1.46 vs. 1.04, p < 0.01) were significantly higher in the high waist/height group. In conclusion, even normal BMI subjects should pay attention to their waist/height ratio because of higher CHD risk factor levels, prevalences, morbidity index for CHD risk factors, and higher prevalence of fatty liver.
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PMID:Is there any difference in coronary heart disease risk factors and prevalence of fatty liver in subjects with normal body mass index having different physiques? 896 18

The association of several risk factors, obesity, dyslipoproteinemia, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and hypertension with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and myocardial infarction has long been known and has been termed the "metabolic syndrome". In 1988 Reaven introduced syndrome X as the link between insulin resistance and hypertension. It has been suggested that a critical factor in the association between obesity, Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular morbidity is the mass of intraabdominal fat. Striking similarities exist between the metabolic syndrome and untreated growth hormone (GH) deficiency in adults. The central findings in both these syndromes are abdominal/visceral obesity and insulin resistance. Other features common to both conditions are premature atherosclerosis and increased mortality from cardiovascular diseases. These similarities indicate that undetectable and low levels of GH may be of importance in the metabolic aberrations observed in both these conditions. Recent investigations have found that abdominal/visceral distribution of adipose tissue is associated with endocrine disturbances including increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and a blunted secretion of GH and sex steroids. Theoretically, these endocrine perturbations can be a consequence of obesity, but the endocrine aberrations may have causal effects. We studied moderately obese, middle-aged men with a preponderance of abdominal body fat. As a group, they had slight to moderate metabolic changes known to be associated with abdominal/visceral obesity. Nine months of GH treatment reduced their total body fat and resulted in a specific and a marked decrease in both abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue. Moreover, insulin sensitivity improved and serum concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride decreased. Diastolic blood pressure also decreased. The finding that GH replacement in men with abdominal obesity can diminish the negative metabolic consequences of visceral obesity suggests that low levels of this hormone are of importance for the metabolic aberrations associated with visceral/abdominal obesity.
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PMID:Growth hormone and the metabolic syndrome. 1044 70

In order to know whether people of similar waist circumference having similar health risks irrespective of height, comparisons of odds ratios for coronary risk factors and fatty liver by echogram were made between the subjects from the first (short, < or = 164.5 cm) and fourth quartiles (tall, > or = 172.4 cm) of height from both the third (84.5 approximately < 89 cm) and fourth (> or = 89 cm) quartiles of waist circumference from 3117 men (ranging 35-64 years old) who underwent routine health examinations in Tokyo. After adjusting for age, and with tall subjects in the same waist circumference category as reference, the odds ratios were significantly higher for the short people from the third quartile of waist circumference for the risk of hypertension (1.62, 95% CI 1.002-2.63), hyperglycemia (3.34, 1.27-9.95) and fatty liver (2.12, 1.30-3.50). However, there were no significant differences in odds ratios of any risk health risks between short people and tall people from the fourth quartile of waist circumference. Although people of prominently large waist circumferences may have similar health risks of the above items irrespective of height, short people have higher health risks than tall people in the moderately large waist circumference population of Japanese men.
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PMID:Do people with similar waist circumference share similar health risks irrespective of height? 1049

It has been proposed that immune responses in mammalian normal pregnancy are Th2-like, thereby protecting the fetus and placenta from being rejected. Administration of exogenous Th1 cytokines into pregnant mice is reported to induce feto-placental resorption. However, the effects of exogenous Th2 cytokines and Th2 directed responses in pregnant animals have not been well studied. In this study, we examined IL-4 and IL-12, which play decisive roles in the development of Th2 and Th1 responses, respectively, in the induction of fetal resorption and development of experimental pre-eclampsia. Transfer of either IL-4 and/or IL-12 stimulated splenocytes from BALB/C virgin female mice into BALB/C pregnant mice mated with either C57BL/6 or BALB/C male mice resulted in fetal resorption and glomerular nephritis associated with hypertension and proteinuria. In mice treated with IL-12 stimulated splenocytes, fatty liver degeneration associated with bile retention was observed. These results indicate that both excessive Th1 and Th2 activation contribute to the development of fetal resorption and pre-eclampsia, but that Th1 is critical to the development of liver degeneration.
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PMID:Murine fetal resorption and experimental pre-eclampsia are induced by both excessive Th1 and Th2 activation. 1092 46

Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy. The acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is an uncommon entity, potentially fatal, which affects women during the last quarter of pregnancy. It is characterized by a prodromic period of symptoms followed by jaundice, hepatic failure, clotting disorders and fatty infiltration of the liver, evident through hepatic biopsy. The incidence ranks from 1 to 20 thousand births, and it is more frequent among women with multiple pregnancies. We report the case of a 29-year-old patient, with multiple pregnancy 33 to 34 weeks of gestation, blood pressure values of 140/90 mmHg, 160,000/dL platelets, PT 25.6 seconds, TPT 64.7 seconds, blood glucose 52 mL/dL, creatinine 2.1 mg/dL, uric acid 11.9 mg/dL, lactic dihydrogenase 1063 U/l, GPT 220 U/l, AF 1172 U/l, total bilirubin 8.4 mg/dL, proteinuria 30 mg/dL. A cesarean section was practiced after correcting the coagulation disorders. The first twin was a male with birth weight of 2,070 g, APGAR 8-9; the second twin was a female fetal death weighting 2,050 g. Hepatic biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. The cause of AFLP is unknown. The frequency among multiple pregnancies is higher. Almost half of the cases have hypertension and proteinuria. There are also high levels of both transaminases, phosphatase and bilirubins and hypoglycemia. The prothrombin time is enlarged. The differential diagnostic between pre-eclampsia and AFLP is not crucial since the obstetric management is the same. The main treatment is promptly deliverance and general measures. The obstetrician must be aware of this hepatic disease.
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PMID:[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Report of a case and review of the literature]. 1119 62

Obesity causes many undesirable health disorders such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and so on. Recently, those life style-affecting diseases is increasing, especially the increment of diabetes mellitus is prominent. In 2000, Japan obesity society issued the new standard of the evaluation of obesity and new diagnostic criteria of obesity as a disease for Japanese. According to this issue, obesity was evaluated by body mass index(BMI). And, 18.5 < BMI < 25 is normal, 25 < BMI < 30 is obese 1, 30 < BMI < 35 is obese 2, 35 < BMI < 40 is obese 3, and 40 < is obese 4. Obesity as a disease is defined by two cases. The first category is composed of two items; one is BMI > 25, and the other is having one disease worsen by obesity, such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperuricemia, coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, sleep apnea syndrome, fatty liver, deformative arthritis. The second category is the visceral type of obesity with BMI > 25, which was diagnosed by west size, over 85 cm for men, and over 90 cm for women, and by visceral fat area over 100 cm2 in abdominal CT.
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PMID:[Evaluation of obesity and diagnostic criteria of obesity as a disease for Japanese]. 1126 12

Obesity is associated with a number of metabolic and haemodynamic risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This risk depends on a complex of metabolic and haemodynamic consequences of (visceral) fat accumulation, which probably results from the continuous delivery of fatty acids to the liver via the portal vein. Hypertriglyceridaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, hypertension, insulin resistance and increased hepatic glucose production are all independent risk factors for atherosclerosis. Their combination increases the risk of cardiovascular disease considerably. Triglyceride storage in hepatocytes is another consequence of increased fatty acid supply to the liver. Until recently, hepatic steatosis was considered a harmless condition secondary to obesity or alcoholism. However, it may lead to non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis, which predisposes to liver fibrosis and even cirrhosis.
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PMID:[Abdominal obesity: metabolic complications and consequences for the liver]. 1160 19

The relation between fatty liver, detected by ultrasonography as a marker of visceral fat accumulation, and coronary risk factors was studied in 810 elderly men and 1,273 elderly women in Nagasaki, Japan from 1990 to 1992. The prevalence of fatty liver was 3.3% in the male and 3.8% in the female non-obese participants (BMI, body mass index < 26.0 kg/m2) and 21.6% in the male and 18.8% in the female obese participants (26.0 kg/m2 < or = BMI). Fatty liver was significantly (p < 0.01) related to hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in the men and to hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, low-HDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance (DM+IGT) in the women independent of age, obesity, smoking and drinking. Non-obesity with fatty liver, rather than obesity with or without fatty liver, had the highest odds ratio for hypertension and low-HDL cholesterol in the men and for hypercholesterolemia, low-HDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia and DM+IGT in the women. The prevalence of fatty liver is the same in elderly men and women, and fatty liver is an independent correlate of coronary risk factors in the elderly.
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PMID:Correlation between fatty liver and coronary risk factors: a population study of elderly men and women in Nagasaki, Japan. 1151 Jul 44

We present a rare case of posterior mediastinal ganglioneuroma with fat tissue. A 50-year-old man visited our Department of Internal Medicine because of hypertension and fatty liver. On screening with abdominal CT a soft tissue tumor was found in the posterior mediastinum. CT and MRI revealed that the tumor appeared to have an abundant fatty component. To obtain a definitive diagnosis, the tumor was resected thoracoscopically. The histological diagnosis was ganglioneuroma. A ganglioneuroma containing a fat component has rarely been reported after cross-sectional imaging. We infer that the tumor may have resulted from spontaneous regression, with subsequent infiltration of adipose tissue from the posterior mediastinum.
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PMID:[A case of posterior mediastinal ganglioneuroma with fat tissue]. 1182 37


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