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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect on intraocular pressure (IOP) of topical timolol was studied in 30 patients with arterial hypertension treated with oral alprenolol, metoprolol or timolol. No patient had any known eye disorder. Topical administration of timolol induced a significant reduction of IOP regardless if the patients had systemic beta-blockade or not. Treatment with topical timolol alone was equally effective in reducing IOP as combined topical and oral therapy. Patient compliance was checked with plasma concentrations of the different beta-blockers.
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PMID:Additive intraocular pressure reducing effect of topical timolol during systemic beta-blockade. 612 60

High resolution MRI of the anterior visual pathways was evaluated using frequency selective fat suppressed fast spin echo (FSE) sequences in conjunction with phased array local coils in patients with optic neuropathies. Fifteen normal controls and 57 patients were examined. Coronal T2 weighted fat suppressed FSE images were obtained in 11 minutes with an in plane resolution of 0.39 x 0.39 mm. The optic nerve and its sheath containing CSF were clearly differentiated. Central retinal vessels were often visible. In demyelinating optic neuritis and in anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy high signal within the nerve was readily delineated. Meningiomas and gliomas involving the optic nerve were precisely visualised both in the orbit and intracranially. Extrinsic compression of the optic nerves was readily visualised in carotid artery ectasia and dysthyroid eye disease. Enlarged subarachnoid spaces around the optic nerves were demonstrated in benign intracranial hypertension. High resolution MRI of the anterior visual pathway represents an advance in the diagnosis and management of patients presenting with optic neuropathy.
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PMID:High resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the anterior visual pathway in patients with optic neuropathies using fast spin echo and phased array local coils. 774 3

The objective of this study was to examine the feasibility and utility of screening for eye disease and hypertension in a group of diabetic patients. A sample of 338 outpatients in Santa Barbara County were included and had non-mydriatic retinal photography and measurement of blood pressure and visual acuity. Each patient completed a questionnaire including age, type of diabetes (type I or type II), duration of diabetes, and smoking history. Photographs were read by an internist and ophthalmologist, and grouped into one of five categories: (1) normal, (2) background retinopathy, (3) preproliferative retinopathy, (4) proliferative retinopathy, and (5) other abnormality. Patients with abnormalities were referred for treatment. Thirty-two percent of the population had retinopathy, and 16% had disease requiring urgent referral for treatment. Mean systolic blood pressure (MSBP) was found to be higher in patients with all types of retinopathy (132 mm Hg versus 124 mm Hg, p < 0.001). The relationship remained significant when smokers and nonsmokers were considered separately. No significant difference was found in MSBP between patients with severe retinopathy (preproliferative or proliferative) and those with background changes (133 mm Hg versus 131 mm Hg, respectively, p > 0.5). The other factor found to be related to retinopathy was the duration of diabetes. Type I patients with retinopathy had diabetes for 19 years versus 12 for those without (p < 0.01). Type II patients with retinopathy had diabetes for 10 years versus 6 for those without retinopathy (p < 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The Santa Barbara County diabetic retinopathy screening feasibility study: significance of diabetes duration and systolic blood pressure. 816 88

A pilot study was carried out to determine the prevalence of ophthalmic disease in the Indian community of Southall and to ascertain the best methods applicable for a larger formal study. Three sites were chosen for the study, a Sikh gurdwara, a mosque and a Hindu temple. The subjects were volunteers aged 30 years and over who had visited the appropriate place of worship at least twice in the previous month. A total of 184 subjects were examined. The prevalence of blindness was 2.7% by the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, while 9.8% had uniocular blindness. The prevalence of glaucoma and ocular hypertension was 2.7% and 7%, respectively. Of the 184 subjects examined, 58% had cataract and 3.8% had age-related maculopathy. The prevalence of visually disabling trachomatous eye disease was 9.7%. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 17.9%, and that of hypertension 22.8%. This small study suggests that people with origins from the Indian subcontinent have a higher prevalence of ophthalmic disease than the Caucasian population.
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PMID:A pilot study into the prevalence of ophthalmic disease in the Indian population of Southall. 819 34

An apparent epidemic of diabetes is occurring in adults worldwide. This trend seems to be associated with socioeconomic and lifestyle changes. The population of developing countries and some communities within developing countries are at higher risk. Diabetic eye disease and its complications, especially diabetic retinopathy, are a leading cause of blindness and visual dysfunction in adults in economically developed societies. Epidemiological studies of the impact of diabetic eye disease in developing countries are scarce. Risk factors for the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy include, among others, hyperglycemia, genetic factors, race, duration of the disease, arterial hypertension, and proteinuria.
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PMID:The epidemiology of diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy. 960 35

Endothelium protector SOFTEL is developed by Ekran firm and Institute of Eye Diseases, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. The drug was used in 157 patients aged 28-79 years. Perforating keratoplasty for corneal leukoma and keratoconus was carried out in 46 patients, cataract extraction with implantation of intraocular lens (IOL) in 94, and cataract extraction without IOL implantation in 17 patients. Two patients developed slight hypertension in the postoperative period, which resolved within 24 h, and four patients developed moderate corneal edema persisting for 1-2 days postoperation. The protective effect of softel is compatible with that of its foreign analog Healon. The drug is effective in cataract extractions with IOL implantation and perforating keratoplasty.
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PMID:[Use of endothelial protector Softel in surgery of the anterior eye segment]. 972 Mar 88

The aim was to study the quality of care at a diabetic clinic of a large hospital in Sri Lanka; a sample of 200 patients was randomly selected. A questionnaire was designed to assess patient knowledge of diabetic management and service provision. Clinic attendance records were also used. Measures of outcome were taken to be (i) the patient's level of understanding of their condition, (ii) the availability of diagnostic tests, (iii) the provision of regular screening and (iv) the length of consultation time. The average attendance at each four-hour clinic was 174 patients. With three doctors available, average consultation time was four minutes per patient. Procedures undertaken included measuring blood glucose levels, testing for proteinuria and screening for hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and eye disease. The average score for knowledge regarding management and complications, obtained from analysis of the questionnaire, was 5.3 out of a maximum of 9.0 points. The study showed that the quality of care of diabetic patients did not meet the standards that should be expected. Two of the principal problems were lack of good organisation and poor planning of resource utilisation. An increase in funding would, of course, assist in implementing the improvements suggested.
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PMID:Study of the quality of care at a diabetic clinic in Sri Lanka. 1107 4

We review epidemiological data on primary blepharospasm (BSP). There is a large variation in the stated prevalence of BSP, with crude estimates ranging from 16 to 133 per million in different studies. A large proportion of this variability may be the result of differences in physician education on BSP. Age and female gender may increase the risk of developing BSP. The few case-control studies focusing on adult dystonias including BSP showed an increased risk in association with family history of dystonia and/or postural tremor, prior head and face trauma, and prior eye disease (e.g., blepharitis and keratoconjunctivitis), and a decreased risk associated with cigarette smoking. No association was found with age-related medical conditions such as hypertension and diabetes, family history of parkinsonism, and a history of anxiety or depression. Broocks et al. [Am J Psychiatry, 1998;155:555-557] found a significantly higher frequency of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in BSP than hemifacial spasm despite the clinical similarity. Among putative risk factors for BSP, age at onset, female gender, and prior head or face trauma may affect spread of dystonia to adjacent body regions. While limited, the body of epidemiological data support the idea that environmental and familial, possibly genetic, factors may both be important in the etiology of BSP.
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PMID:Epidemiology of primary blepharospasm. 1183 33

Arterial tonometry allows non-invasive and continuous registration of the arterial pressure waveform, by applanating (flattening) a superficial artery supported by bone with an external transducer. Inspired by ocular tonometry used for eye disease diagnosis, G.L. Pressman and P.M. Newgard built the first arterial tonometer in 1963, and derived a discrete, linear mechanical model. Accuracy remained poor until new sensor production techniques (silicon technology) arrived. G.M. Drzewiecki et al. published a second, more elaborate theoretical model for tonometer positioning in 1983. Few years later, the first modern tonometers were commercialised. Although the problems of sensor positioning, motion artefacts and calibration still exist, the tonometer has proven its usefulness in arterial compliance and hypertension studies. Attention should now go to analysis of the arterial pressure waveforms, and the combination with other signals (e.g. flow wave morphology) to allow a complete non-invasive haemodynamical description of the heart and the arterial tree.
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PMID:Development and modelling of arterial applanation tonometry: a review. 1184 49

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the United States and other western nations. Limited treatment is available, and there are no established means of prevention. The detection of modifiable risk factors is important to suggest preventive behaviors that can reduce disease occurrence or prevent the progression to the late stages of AMD. Results of recent studies suggest that the etiology and pathogenesis of AMD are a complex interaction of genetic and external factors. Although a number of factors seem promising, only age and cigarette smoking are confirmed as increasing AMD risk. Other factors that most likely play a significant role in AMD are nutritional factors, e.g., antioxidants, and hypertension or other underlying atherosclerotic disease processes. The results of the Age-Related Eye Disease Study suggest a moderate beneficial effect of antioxidant, vitamin, and zinc supplementation in reducing progression to severe AMD.
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PMID:Risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: an update. 1201 86


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