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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The data of the 1981-83 Swiss National Health Survey "SOMIPOPS", based on a randomly selected sample of 4,235 individuals aged 20 or over representative of the whole Swiss population, were used to investigate the relation between smoking, prevalence of disease and frequency of health care utilization. The risks of several conditions, including hypertension, myocardial infarction and other heart diseases, asthma, tuberculosis and kidney disease were elevated among ex-smokers. The diseases showing elevated risks among current smokers and significantly positive dose-risk trends included acute bronchitis (relative risk, RR = 3.2 for heavy cigarette smokers vs never smokers), chronic bronchitis or lung emphysema (RR = 2.0), gastro-duodenal ulcer (RR = 1.8) and bone fractures (RR = 1.6). For respiratory conditions, the risk of pipe or cigar smokers was comparable to that of moderate cigarette smokers, whereas for ulcer (RR = 4.1) or fractures (RR = 2.0) the point estimates were even higher than for heavy cigarette smokers. Smokers tended to consult more frequently general practitioners, used more other outpatients services, and were more frequently admitted to hospital during the year preceding the interview. These effects were consistent across strata of age, socio-economic indicators, and persisted after allowance for major identified potential distorting factors. Thus, the results of this survey confirm that smoking is an important cause of morbidity and a major contributory factor to the use of health services.
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PMID:Smoking, prevalence of disease and health service utilization among the Swiss population. 277 58

Epidemiologic evidence shows a strong relationship between gastric cancer and cerebrovascular disease. It was speculated that salt intake might be the linking factor causing hypertension and vascular damage as well as damage to the gastric mucosa. This study tested whether hypertensive diseases, such as ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, occurred more frequently in patients with gastric cancer and gastric ulcer than expected by chance alone. In addition, it was studied whether gastric and duodenal ulcer coincided more frequently with other diseases that in the past have been associated with peptic ulcer, such as liver cirrhosis, chronic lung disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. The German statistics of rehabilitation were used to assess the frequency of coincidences. The statistics include a description of the primary, secondary, and tertiary diagnoses leading to rehabilitation. This study confirms the presence of a high coincidence of both ulcer types with liver cirrhosis. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, both ulcer types also occurred more frequently than expected from their general distribution. Gastric but not duodenal ulcer coincided more frequently with ischemic heart disease than expected. Gastric cancer occurred more frequently in patients who had concomitant ischemic heart disease or cerebrovascular disease. Duodenal ulcer was not associated with an increased risk for any disease related to hypertension. The results of the study support the contention that gastric diseases and diseases related to hypertension share a common etiologic factor.
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PMID:Concordant occurrence of gastric and hypertensive diseases. 337 23

The mortality and morbidity of the 241 survivors of an acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage treated between 1958 and 1964 are reported. The major purpose of this study was to assess the subsequent risk to life and health of patients presenting with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients without dyspepsia and with a negative single contrast barium meal study had an excellent prognosis. Life Table analysis showed that the gastric ulcer patients had a mortality not significantly different from that of the Australian population, with the higher risk of death from ulcer balanced by a lower risk of fatal vascular disease. Duodenal ulcer patients had an increased mortality attributable to a 290% increase in deaths from vascular disease, but only one of the 84 died of an ulcer complication. The association between duodenal ulcer and vascular disease has been present for decades. It is unlikely to be associated with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, diet, stress, or smoking and deserves further study.
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PMID:Ten year follow-up of gastrointestinal hemorrhage patients. 348 54

The definition of stress varies from author to author. Whether or not it is experienced depends on the perception of the potentially stress-producing event. Stress can be induced experimentally in animals or human beings in various ways and can arise from a person's occupation, leading to adverse effects such as hypertension, cardiac alterations, increase in gastric acid secretion and the occurrence of peptic ulceration. In man, peptic ulceration may be linked to a dependence-independence conflict. The incidence of duodenal ulcer has been shown to be higher in those from broken homes than from normal homes. In 103 duodenal ulcer patients with high scores for stressful life events followed-up over a 15 month period, the outcome was more favourable in those who received psychotherapy plus intermittent pharmacotherapy than in those who received intermittent pharmacotherapy alone.
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PMID:Stress management in the long-term treatment of peptic ulcer disease. 389 51

There is no agreement among scientists on which particular aspects of civilisation are most to blame for the emergence and undoubted increase in Western nations during this century of common degenerative diseases. Duodenal ulcer, coronary thrombosis, hypertension and other degenerations appear to be as common in quiet rural communities as in the cities. The frequency of these conditions in the Scottish Highlands where the tempo of life remains slow would seem to rule out stress or psychological factors as important. Changes in diet are now thought by many scientists to be the most likely cause for the increase in diseases of civilisation. The work of McCarrison, Cleave and Burkitt suggests that of all dietary developments in advanced nations during the last two centuries the refining of carbohydrates is the most damaging. A high intake of sugar tends to displace protective vitamin-rich foods and adds to the fibre depletion of refined white flour, with the inevitable consequences--widespread constipation and the serious complications of that distressing condition. Cleave has published strong evidence incriminating 'over-consumption' from dependence on refined carbohydrates, rather than traditional animal fats, as the main cause of coronary thrombosis. The high mortality and morbidity of degenerative diseases with all the attendant human suffering can truly be termed an ecological disaster. The cause is the failure of the food and drink industry to give overall priority to the needs of human health. Increasing demand from consumers for unprocessed fresh whole food would reverse modern trends and would have far-reaching effects on agriculture and industry.
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PMID:Modern diseases, seen from a Highland practice. An ecological approach. 633 6

An age group of patients with endoscopically ascertained florid ventricular ulcer was asked with regard to the aspects own anamnesis and family anamnesis, social descent, social state, sparetime planning, alcohol consumption, nicotine consumption as well as use of analgesics. After the control of the course the patients were subdivided into such ones with healing of the ulcer within 12 weeks and such ones with retarded healing. As comparative groups served patients with duodenal ulcer and patients with functional gastropathy. As a result the family anamnesis does not bring any significant differences. Male patients with retardedly healing ventricular ulcer in 23% of the cases suffered from diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension, before the first appearance of the disease they more frequently performed a responsible activity and were more frequently on shift work team patients with a healing corresponding to time. Females with retarded healing of the ventricular ulcer have in a higher percentage family problems and significantly more frequently take analgesics than the comparative groups. A decreased adaptation of the patients with ventricular ulcer with retarded healing is discussed and they are compared with the patients with duodenal ulcer.
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PMID:[Ulcus ventriculi healing time--anamnestic and psychosocial data]. 652 49

Hypertensive and duodenal ulcer patients were compared with physically ill patients at admission and discharge on personality traits and states of anxiety and depression. Both the hypertensive and ulcer patients were less dominant and more anxious than the control group at admission, while depression differentiated only the hypertensive group. The hypertensive patients were more depressed and more anxious than the ulcer patients at admission. At discharge, both experimental groups remained less dominant than the control group and the hypertensives remained more anxious and more depressed than the ulcer and control groups. Low dominance was correlated with high blood pressure and high extrapunitiveness was correlated with E.C.G. abnormality in the hypertensive patients. The results are discussed with respect to the role of aggression and low dominance in these 'psychosomatic' disorders.
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PMID:Psychological characteristics of hypertensive and ulcer patients. 707 56

The sympathetic nervous system is of major importance for the regulation of several physiologic functions. Drugs that inhibit the actions of catecholamines and adrenergic drugs are used in the treatment of many clinical disorders. The potential role of catecholamines in a number of human diseases has, however, until recent years been studied to a limited extent only due to lack of methods for quantitation of sympathetic nervous activity. After the development of enzymatic isotope-derivative assays, reliable measurements of noradrenaline and adrenaline became available. Studies in man have shown that plasma noradrenaline is an index of sympathetic nervous activity. The present survey deals with noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations in blood, tissue, and cerebrospinal fluid in a number of clinical disorders viz. arterial hypertension, duodenal ulcer, malignant tumors, primary depressive illness, and ketotic hypoglycemia.
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PMID:Adrenergic mechanisms in selected diseases: arterial hypertension, duodenal ulcer, primary depressive illness, malignant tumors, and ketotic hypoglycemia. 743 77

No differences were found in the rate of metabolism of vitamins B1, B2, B6 and niacin either in healthy persons or in patients with duodenal ulcer, hypertension of the 2nd degree and with ischemic heart disease as shown by excretion of riboflavin, 4-pyridoxylic acid, 1-methyl nicotinamide and thiamin with urine which correlated with concentration of these vitamins and their coenzyme forms in blood plasma and erythrocytes. Dependence of these vitamins excretion with urine on their concentration in blood and the vitamins content in food appear to demonstrate similar consumption of vitamins B in the persons studied; at the same time, evaluation of the vitamins consumption in the patients with these forms of pathology should be performed using the criteria suitable for healthy persons. Dissimilar rates of metabolism of these vitamins described in literature might be related to differences in nutrition as well as to the use of nonspecific techniques for estimation of the vitamins. Besides, initial consumption of vitamin B2 was not sometimes considered, but deficiency in riboflavin caused considerable impairments of vitamin B6 and niacin metabolism.
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PMID:[B group vitamin metabolism in duodenal ulcer disease, hypertension, and ischemic heart disease]. 816 Apr 30

Perceived social support has been established as an important determinant of mortality risk. The perception of parental love and caring reflects the core of social support in the first 20 years of life. In the early 1950s, narrative descriptions of parents were obtained from a sample of healthy undergraduate men at Harvard University who participated in the Harvard Mastery of Stress Study. In a 35-year prospective follow-up investigation, detailed medical and psychological histories and medical records were obtained. Subjects who had illnesses such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, duodenal ulcer, and alcoholism in midlife had used significantly fewer positive words to describe their parents (eg, loving, friendly, warm, open, understanding, sympathetic, just) while in college. This effect was independent of the subject's age, family history of illness, smoking behavior, marital history, and the death or divorce of the subject's parents. Furthermore, 95% of subjects who used few positive words and also rated their parents low in parental caring had diseases diagnosed in midlife, whereas only 29% of subjects who used many positive words and also rated their parents high in parental caring had diseases diagnosed in midlife. Because parents are usually the most meaningful source of love and caring for much of early life, the perception of parental love and caring may play a special role in promoting long-term health. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that love and caring play an important role in healing.
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PMID:Narrative descriptions of parental love and caring predict health status in midlife: a 35-year follow-up of the Harvard Mastery of Stress Study. 894 44


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