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 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The frequency and significance of associated diseases and clinical problems in patients with nerve injuries in the recovery stage was statistically assessed. A variety of clinical situations are observed in practically all such patients. Half of the symptoms and diseases encountered relate to the nervous system and cardiocirculatory apparatus, while there is also a high incidence of skeletal muscle and urinary affections. The significance of these signs as far as rehabilitation is concerned can be seen in the fact that psychological and micturition disturbances are observed, along with muscle hypertonia, fibromyositis, cystitis and arthrosis. These form the more common obstacles to the regular execution of a rehabilitation programme, whereas no such significance is possessed by such serious diseases as valvular cardiopathy, hypertension and neoplasia of the neuraxis.
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PMID:[Clinical problems of neural lesions in the phase of rehabilitation. Their significance and importance in final success of rehabilitation therapy]. 95 Oct 35

We experienced 46 cases of radiation cystitis between 1973 and 1990, 10 of which showed intractable bleeding and 17 recurrent bleeding. We clinically analyzed these cases to determine the factors responsible for intractable and recurrent bleeding. Intractable bleeding was suggested to related to the aggravation of the local condition of the urinary tract and recurrent bleeding with an increase of complications, especially diabetes mellitus and hypertension. In conclusion, long-term follow up of local conditions and complications is important in the prevention of intractable and recurrent bleeding of radiation cystitis.
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PMID:[Clinical analysis of 46 cases of radiation cystitis]. 152 11

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women has been linked to an increased incidence of pyelonephritis, preeclampsia, hypertension, intrauterine growth retardation and premature delivery. Pyelonephritis and cystitis require different antibiotics and dosages in pregnant patients. Renal calculi can be difficult to detect during pregnancy. Women with preexisting renal disease usually do well during pregnancy if renal function is preserved and hypertension is not present.
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PMID:Renal disease and pregnancy. 265 May 4

There were 631 patients treated for proven urogenital tuberculosis in 1966-1985. Indications for nephrectomy were retrospectively analyzed in 137 (21.7%) patients operated. A badly damaged or functionless kidney was removed in 85 (62.0%) patients for the early control of persistent tuberculous cystitis; in 18 (13.1%) because of chronic, nonspecific urinary infection, dispersed calcifications with subsequent nephrolithiasis, pain or other discomfort; in 16 (11.7%) due to supposed nephrogenic hypertension, and in 3 (2.2%) because of extrarenal disease. In 15 (10.9%) patients the symptomless kidney was removed preventively. The management of renal tuberculosis by itself did not need nephrectomy.
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PMID:Persistent tuberculous cystitis: the most common indication for nephrectomy in the management of urogenital tuberculosis. 358 54

Antireflux surgery was successful in 97 per cent of 67 adults with primary bilateral vesicoureteral reflux. Mean followup was 43 months. Of the patients 93 per cent became free of acute pyelonephritis, although 50 per cent continued to experience occasional cystitis. Surgical correction of reflux had no beneficial effect on renal size, renal scars or significant proteinuria with impaired renal function. Antireflux surgery does not appear to be justified in cases of proteinuria unless recurrent symptomatic pyelonephritis becomes uncontrollable. Additionally, antireflux surgery did not appear to have any beneficial effect on hypertension or large bladder capacity. However, calculogenesis remained inactive with this and other adjunctive therapies.
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PMID:Vesicoureteral reflux in the adult. III. Surgical correction: risks and benefits. 663 93

Against the background of more recent insights into the general importance of urinary infections, specific reference is made to the demands made, in that context, on gynaecology and obstetrics. An attempt is made to expound the epidemiological chain of causes, ranging from defloration cystitis and including gestational processes as well as all sorts of gynaecological effects up to possible diseases in the menopause. The high probability of secondary diseases in adult age should be the point of departure for conclusions regarding "prophylaxis". Description of a stepwise programme for diagnosis, therefore, is followed by discussion of aspects relating to urine collection, differentiation between significant bacteriuria courses, assessment of asymptomatic bacteriuria, distribution of germs, and demands on monitoring action. Therapies are discussed separately for gynaecological patients and pregnant women. In conclusion, major emphasis is laid on the need for taking widest possible advantage of advisory centres for pregnant women and contraception consultative services for early detection of renal diseases and hypertension as well as for more efficient follow-up or extended medical care for patients whose urinary infections has been (re)discovered and treated by obstetricians or gynaecologists.
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PMID:[Urinary tract infections in gynecology and obstetrics]. 745 80

Microscopic haematuria is a common clinical finding, with reported prevalences of up to 22%. The role of renal biopsy in the investigation of this condition is still debated. Currently urological investigation including cystourethroscopy is often regarded as adequate. We investigated 165 patients (94 male, 71 female; mean age 37.5 years, range 10-71) referred with isolated microscopic haematuria, using renal biopsy and cystourethroscopy. All patients were normotensive with normal serum creatinine, no proteinuria, sterile urine and a normal IVU. Renal biopsy abnormalities were found in 77/165 (46.6%): IgA nephropathy (49), global or segmental mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis without IgA deposits (16), thin membrane nephropathy (7), vascular changes suggestive of hypertension (3), interstitial nephritis (1), and membranous nephropathy (1). Only five abnormalities were found on cystourethroscopy (cystitis 3, urethral stricture 1, bladder stone 1). Two patients with cystitis also had IgA nephropathy. Biopsy abnormalities were commonest under the age of 20 (69.2%), but 40% of biopsies were abnormal even in the seventh decade of life. Because renal biopsy abnormalities are very frequent in patients with isolated haematuria, renal biopsy is indicated in patients over 45 years of age if renal imaging and cystoscopy are normal. In those under 45 years, renal biopsy should replace cystoscopy as the investigation to follow normal renal imaging.
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PMID:Glomerular disease as a cause of isolated microscopic haematuria. 795 7

During the past two decades, the immunosuppressive drugs azathioprine and cyclophosphamide have been widely used in the treatment of patients with lupus nephritis. Their toxicities are well known and are mostly dose- and time-dependent. Complications that arise from these therapies stem from their immunosuppressive (susceptibility for infection) or pharmacologic (hemorrhagic cystitis, bladder cancer, and fibrosis from the alkylating agents) effects, or both. Uncontrolled studies reporting good results in treating patients with various combinations of corticosteroids and azathioprine and, especially, cyclophosphamide cannot be conclusively confirmed by the few controlled clinical trials that are available for review. Part of the problem of inconclusiveness has to do with timing treatment to different phases of the disease and the vast heterogeneity of lupus nephritis. Although these immunosuppressive agents may have favorable effects on the overall activity of systemic lupus erythematosus, their long-term effects per se on renal disease are in question and could be attributed to lower prednisone dosage and better medical management of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, infection, and other metabolic consequences of the disease.
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PMID:Immunosuppressive drug therapy in lupus nephritis. 844 99

A case-control study was conducted on 303 male bladder cancer patients and controls. General population controls were chosen from 15 areas in Gunma Prefecture and were matched by age (+/- l y.o.) to the subjects. Age-adjusted and smoking-adjusted odds ratio (O.R.) and a 95% confidence interval (C.I.) were calculated for each item. Risk factors for bladder cancer in men were investigated. The O.R. tended to be significantly higher for those who had history of smoking, who smoked more per day, who had smoked longer, whose Brinkman index was higher, who began smoking younger and who inhaled deeper than it was for non-smokers. O.R.s of having a past history or complication of cystitis (age-adjusted) and benign prostatic hypertrophy (age- and smoking-adjusted) were significantly higher, but the difference was supposed to be caused by bias. There was a significantly lower age- and smoking-adjusted O.R. for bladder cancer in men who engaged in sales, whose blood type was O, who drank milk frequently, who ate grains frequently, who age vegetables frequently and who had a past history or complication of hypertension. The number of cases and controls with first degree family members who developed cancer respectively supposed to be highly related to smoking, were as follows; 16 and 8 for lung cancer, 3 and 0 for larynx cancer and 6 and 3 for bladder cancer. The following characteristics failed to show any significant difference between subjects with bladder cancer and the control group; height and weight now and 20 years ago, jobs which deal with dye, academic career, marriage, number of children, alcohol drinking and the use of hair dye or analgesics.
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PMID:[Epidemiological study of risk factors for bladder cancer]. 857 86

Myelopathy is a rare central nervous system manifestation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We present a case of SLE, who developed motor paralytic bladder and various other neurological abnormalities. A 29-year-old female with SLE was admitted to our hospital because of complete dysuria without any troubles on defecation. Accelerated hypertension had been noticed 2 weeks before the admission. Physical examinations revealed that she had muscle weakness in right brachial biceps, bilateral carpal extensor and flexor, and flexor muscles of bilateral lower extremities. Slight sensory disturbance was present on her soles. Bilateral Chaddok and Babinski's signs were positive. Electromyographic studies including nerve conduction velocities of her limbs were normal, however, neurogenic discharges were observed in anal sphincter muscles. Cystometry demonstrated atonic bladder, but any pathological findings such as lupus cystitis and interstitial cystitis were not observed in the biopsied specimens from her bladder. Antibodies to single-stranded DNA, U1 RNP, Sm and SS-A/Ro were positive in her serum, and lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies (IgG) were also detected. In her cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), elevated protein level and albuminocytologic dissociation were recognized, while glucose level was low. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study detected high signal intensities in the inner part of medulla oblongata and in the spinal cord at second lumbar spine level. After two courses of methyl-prednisolone pulse therapy, the patient's neurological symptoms including dysuria had completely recovered and abnormal findings previously observed on MRI had also disappeared. After 7 months of the episode, she became normotensive. The proteins and glucose levels in her CSF had gradually returned to normal. Among patients with SLE, correlations of antiphospholipid antibodies with myelitis/myelopathy or accelerated hypertension have been reported. Therefore, possible roles of antiphospholipid antibodies were considered in the pathogenesis of neurologic abnormalities observed in our patient. In addition, low glucose level in CSF might be a good indicator for the diagnosis of lupus-associated myelopathy.
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PMID:[A case of systemic lupus erythematosus with various central and peripheral neurological disorders presenting with motor paralytic bladder as a major manifestation]. 859 61


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