Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three children with sickle cell disease who had various combinations of severe hypertension, convulsion, and cerebral haemorrhage are presented. One child had elevated plasma renin activity while another had elevated 24-h urinary catecholamines. The aetiology of hypertension in sickle cell disease seems to be multifactorial. Recognition of this serious complication of sickle cell disease is important not only to avoid its consequences but also to avoid potentially dangerous diagnostic procedures.
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PMID:Hypertension and convulsions complicating sickle cell anaemia: possible role of transfusion. 620 73

LY53857 was a potent antagonist of vascular contraction to serotonin, which is mediated by serotonergic (5-HT2) receptors, with a dissociation constant in vitro of 5.4 X 10(-11) M. Unlike several other serotonin antagonists, LY53857 showed minimal affinity for vascular alpha adrenergic receptors (dissociation constant of 1.4 X 10(-5) M). Thus, LY53857 was a highly potent and selective antagonist at 5-HT2 receptors. In vivo activity paralleled the in vitro observations. In pithed spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), LY53857 at 0.1 and 3.0 mg/kg i.p. produced a 22-and 480-fold shift, respectively, in the pressor response to serotonin whereas LY53857 at 10 mg/kg did not alter the pressor response to the alpha receptor agonist, methoxamine. Furthermore, LY53857 administered peripherally also inhibited central serotonin receptors, as evidenced by blockade of the serum corticosterone increase produced by the central actions of the serotonin agonist, quipazine, and by antagonism of tryptamine-induced convulsions in rats. LY53857 in doses that blocked the pressor response to serotonin and that blocked central serotonin receptors did not lower mean arterial blood pressure in the SHR. Thus, the lack of effectiveness of LY53857 to lower blood pressure in the SHR indicates that blockade of both central and vascular serotonin receptors is not a sufficient mechanism to lower blood pressure in this model of hypertension.
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PMID:LY53857, a selective and potent serotonergic (5-HT2) receptor antagonist, does not lower blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. 631 98

A review of the pathophysiology and treatment of pre-eclampsia indicates that vasospasm and vascular hyperreactivity are important elements in the disease process and its control. Five requirements for a therapeutic agent in pre-eclampsia are identified: control of generalized vasospasm, hypertension, and eclamptic convulsions, maintenance of placental perfusion, and lack of adverse effects on the fetus/neonate. Calcium channel blocking agents are well known arteriolar vasodilators and inhibitors of coronary artery vasospasm, and appear to possess qualities relevant to these therapeutic requirements for pre-eclampsia. It is proposed that calcium channel blocking agents may be effective agents in the management of pre-eclampsia.
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PMID:Possible treatment of pre-eclampsia with calcium channel blocking agents. 636 85

A "capillary leak" syndrome resulting from cyclosporine-induced membrane toxicity has been postulated as the cause of convulsions and pulmonary edema in bone marrow transplant recipients. We describe here the occurrence of similar complications in a group of 21 adults receiving liver transplants since July 1982. Of 12 patients treated with i.v. cyclosporine (4 mg/kg/day), 2 developed an adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) within five days of the operation, but it was not found in those given prednisolone (0.05-1.0 mg/kg/day) and azathioprine (1.0 mg/kg/day). ARDS only occurred when cyclosporine was administered through a central vein, and therefore might be related to high concentrations of cyclosporine reaching the pulmonary circulation and causing damage to vascular membranes. Convulsions occurred in one patient given i.v. cyclosporine, and in three when therapy was changed and cyclosporine and corticosteroids were used in combination. Convulsions did not occur inthe same patients as ARDS, were not part of a generalized "capillary leak" syndrome, and were not associated with hypertension or renal failure, as reported elsewhere in children. Fluid retention consequent on cyclosporine administration aggravated by the use of corticosteroids appears to be the most likely explanation of the convulsions.
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PMID:Adult respiratory distress syndrome and convulsions associated with administration of cyclosporine in liver transplant recipients. 638 59

A case of myxoedema presenting as epilepsy is described. In myxoedematous patients without demonstrable cause for their fits, the epilepsy commonly responds to thyroid replacement therapy alone. In this patient, control of hypertension was ineffective in eradicating fits. The association between myxoedema and epilepsy, though previously reported, is surprisingly uncommon and represents a good prognosis within new epileptics.
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PMID:Myxoedema presenting as epilepsy. 643 9

Clinical and patho-immunological study was made on 15 cases of primary intracranial malignant lymphoma. The average age of the patients was 45.2, however older man suffered more than younger one. Male to female ratio was 3:2. The duration between onset to diagnosis was less than 6 months in 13 cases. The common signs and symptoms were hemiparesis (60%) and signs of intracranial hypertension (45%), followed by disturbance of consciousness, visual disturbances, convulsion and signs of inflammation. The location of the lesions was in parietal lobe (44%), temporal lobe (27.8%), cerebellum (22.2%), brain stem and basal ganglia (18%). Multiple lesions were found in 4 cases. CT scan was the most diagnostic method not only to delineate the location of lesions but also to recognize the biological natures of this condition. The radiosensitivity of this tumor was also confirmed by follow-up CT scans during radiotherapy. Most of the lesions were avascular by carotid angiography, but capillary blush at the tumor site was shown in some cases. Laboratory findings revealed that derangement of gamma globulin in the serum and decline of cellular immunity were demonstrated in many cases. Surgical removal followed by whole skull irradiation was made in all cases except one. Remission of neurological signs and symptoms with disappearance of lesions on CT scan was obtained in 7 cases for one to 9 months. All cases except two survival, died during 3 to 28 months (average: 10.1). Survival rate at one year and 2 years was 35.7% and 14.3% respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Malignant intracranial lymphoma--clinical and patho-immunological study]. 660 23

An afebrile 8-year-old boy presented with convulsions, coma and hypertension. Laboratory investigations were normal. Excretory urography and angiography showed a left supernumerary kidney. The literature on this rare anomaly is briefly reviewed.
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PMID:Unilateral supernumerary kidney associated with hypertensive encephalopathy in a child. 664 92

Two lines of evidence converged to suggest that amygdaloid kindling would produce alterations in cardiovascular responsiveness. First, stimulation of the amygdala produces changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Second, the amygdala is the most sensitive region of the brain for kindling. Our objectives were to document the electrical brain activity, cardiovascular responses, and behavioral manifestations associated with the development of generalized convulsions during amygdaloid kindling in the dog. Kindling in the dog was marked by its rapidity and lack of graded stages, resulting in two identifiable stages. The first, afterdischarge stage, was characterized by increased electrical brain activity in the stimulated amygdala but not in the ipsilateral anterior or posterior hypothalamus, or contralateral amygdala. Increased blood pressure was closely related to the activity of the stimulated amygdala, and a gradual increase in heart rate was unrelated to activity at any of the recording sites. Behavioral manifestations were confined to head and neck movements. The second, convulsion stage, was typified by increased activity in both amygdalae and in the anterior hypothalamic recording sites, indicating generalized involvement of both hemispheres. Blood pressure was significantly increased consistent with the behavioral manifestations of bilateral tonic-clonic convulsion. Heart rate during the convulsion was not significantly different from that during the afterdischarge stage. This experiment, therefore, demonstrated that kindling in the dog follows a substantially different progression from that reported in other species and that kindled afterdischarges in the amygdala had a potent effect on blood pressure, even in the absence of generalized convulsions.
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PMID:Electrical brain activity and cardiovascular function during amygdaloid kindling in the dog. 665 6

Computerized tomography revealed extensive bilateral hypodensity of the thalamus after an episode of severe arterial hypertension and convulsions in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Radiologic and neurologic abnormalities were substantially resolved 1 week later. The unusual radiologic findings are discussed in relation to possible unique characteristics of vascular permeability in the thalamus.
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PMID:Transient thalamic hypodensity in lupus erythematosus with generalized seizures. 668 9

In rabbits subjected to bicuculline (BC)- or pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-seizures of 3 or 20 min duration or to adrenaline-induced hypertension, specific gravity (SG) was measured bilaterally in 15 regional brain areas in order to detect possible associations between the regionally limited blood-brain barrier openings due to these insults (see Nitsch and Klatzo 1983) and the presence of brain edema. In controls, a large variation between regional SG levels became evident: between 1.0467 in cerebellum and 1.0417 in preoptic area. A seizure duration of only 3 min was not sufficient to change SG significantly. After 20 min of seizures independent from the inducing agent, SG increased in all brain areas. The degree of increase seemed to be unrelated to presence or absence of a blood-brain barrier opening. In an attempt to avoid the influence of blood impregnation on the SG value, blood was replaced by saline before measurement. In controls, saline perfusion decreased SG only in the two areas with the highest original levels, thus documenting the partial dependency of the regional SG on the hematisation of the tissue. After 20 min of PTZ-induced seizures, SG in saline-perfused rabbits increased, but no longer significantly in all brain areas. This suggests that a part of the seizure-induced SG increase can be attributed to the hyperemia of the brain during the convulsions. On the other hand, an increase in flow volume due to hypertension did not change SG with the exception of the septum, preoptic area and hypothalamus. The direct measurement of water content with the classical wet/dry method in 4 gross brain areas showed that early seizure periods are in fact associated with a dehydration of the brain. This phenomenon could be explained by a glucose- and lactate-induced rise in blood osmolarity which in turn might cause a dehydration of the brain tissue.
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PMID:Specific gravity increases and brain water content decreases during short epileptiform seizures in discrete rabbit brain areas. 674 60


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