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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The single drug therapy of diazepam can be introduced to effectively control convulsions in eclampsia. This treatment will have particular application in rural obstetrics where eclampsia is seen in severe form. The dose schedule of diazepam, as described in this study, shows the therapy to have a stabilizing effect on hypertension and pulse rate. It causes neither respiratory depression nor oliguria. Diazepam is an effective muscle relaxant. Its depressive effect on the newborn is in no way inferior to that of lytic cocktail therapy. The drug is readily available at low cost, even in the remote rural areas, and can be easily administered by any doctor or midwife.
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PMID:Diazepam therapy in eclampsia. 4 87

Various combinations of hypertension, convulsion, severe headache, and cerebral haemorrhage appeared in eight thalassaemic patients after they had received 3--7 units of blood in preparation for splenectomy. Intracranial haemorrhage definitely developed in four patients, three of whom died. At necropsy the brains showed changes similar to those of hypertensive cerebral haemorrhage and hypertensive encephalopathy. It is believed that hypertension initiates this syndrome. Since the episodes often occurred days, as long as 15 days, after the last unit of blood was transfused, hypertension did not seem to result from volume overload, but probably from vasopressive substances provided by or occurring in association with multiple blood-transfusions. Host factors may also contribute.
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PMID:A syndrome of hypertension, convulsion, and cerebral haemorrhage in thalassaemic patients after multiple blood-transfusions. 8 May 27

A disease characterized by edema, proteinuria, hypoproteinemia and hypertension was seen in late gestation in patas monkeys. The initial sign was edema of the perineum, ankles and lower trunk. The onset was abrupt, occurring 7 days or less prepartum. The affected animals were not depressed, and convulsions were not seen. In 6 of the 98 pregnancies during a 1-year period, symptoms of the disease were present. The highest incidence was manifested by primiparous animals with 3 of 36 pregnancies affected. Two of 38 second pregnancies and 1 of 24 third pregnancies were also affected. Five of the animals recovered spontaneously and were normal 14 days postpartum. Edema persisted for 30 days in one female. This animal continued to be hypertensive and had persistent mild proteinuria and hypoproteinemia. She was killed approximately 1 year postpartum due to severe renal disease. The spontaneous disease seen in patas monkeys resembled toxemia of pregnancy in humans more closely than the experimentally induced disease in other animals.
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PMID:Spontaneous preeclamptic toxemia of pregnancy in the patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas). 10 69

Sudden permanent blindness of cerebral origin, in addition to severe abdominal pain, hypertension, convulsions, and peripheral neuropathy developed in a 21-year-old woman, a victim of acute intermittent porphyria. Findings of the pathological examination of the brain showed extensive infarction in both occipital lobes. The pathological changes were consistent with anoxia. We discuss and review the literature of the possibility of "vasospasm" of both posterior cerebral arteries. Follow-up studies with serial EEG showed either focal epileptogenic activity or diffuse slow waves. The most consistent epileptic discharges were found in the occipital regions. The favorable response to the treatment of seizures with carbamazepine in this patient might encourage further clinical trials.
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PMID:Blindness of cerebral origin in acute intermittent porphyria. Report of a case and postmortem examination. 19 74

The intricacies of the pathophysiology of eclampsia are still unknown. The major symptoms of our 37 year old para 3 are convulsions, hypertension, complete anuria and gastro-intestinal haemmorhage as a result of disseminated ;ntra-vascular coagulation (D.I.C.). The interdisciplinary therapeutic measures are discussed, in the course which special attention is given to the favourable influence of dopamine on renal failure and the complicating gastro intestinal haemmorhage.
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PMID:[Intensive care medicine in severe eclampsia (author's transl)]. 31 2

An 11-month-old boy had an episode of generalized convulsions followed by a right peripheral facial palsy, which resolved gradually within 3 weeks. Three months later he had another similar episode of convulsions followed by a left peripheral facial palsy. On both occasions it was found that he had polycythaemia. A careful physical examination discovered that the child had severe hypertension. Extensive laboratory investigations did not reveal a cause for his hypertension. Haematologic investigations showed that the polycythaemia was due to a contracted plasma volume as a result of the hypertension. The peripheral facial palsy most probably was due to a blood clot in the facial canal, below the origin of the nerve to m. stapedius, as audiograms were normal and lacrimation preserved. Control of the hypertension resulted in resolution of the facial palsy within 4 weeks and normal haematocrit readings within 6 weeks. It should be stressed that every patient with peripheral facial palsy should be examined for hypertension.
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PMID:"Stress" polycythaemia and peripheral facial palsy complications of severe hypertension. 41 98

The case histories of 125 children with hypertension and no apparent primary CNS disease were analyzed for neurological symptoms or complications. Eleven children had neurological symptoms of high blood pressure. In only one of these patients was the diagnosis of arterial hypertension made before the observation of the neurological findings. The symptoms were severe headache in eight children, convulsions and coma in four, hemiplegia in two, and impaired vision and apraxia in one child. Symptomatology was rapidly reversed by antihypertensive treatment in four children, while six had long-term stigmata and one child died in hypertensive crisis. Because elevated arterial pressure can cause severe neurological disease, routine blood pressure measurement in children--especially those with neurological symptomatology--is stressed.
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PMID:Central nervous system involvement in severe arterial hypertension of childhood. 51 Mar 17

A correlative study is done between observation of cases of shunted hydrocephalus with mesencephalic signs such as Parinaud's syndrome and a multiunitary recording of mesencephalic and bulbar reticular formation activities during acute and chronic intracranial hypertension in cats. Clinical and experimental data are first separately analysed and then superimposed. This results in analysing the evolution of such intracranial hypertension in three stages: first stage of "tolerance" with minimal clinical signs and no change of reticular activity; second stage of "uncompensation" when mesencephalic signs appear and with increased mesencephalic activity and unchanged bulbar activity; third stage of "exhaustion" where can be noted disorders of consciousness, decerebration fits, and cardiorespiratory disorders; mesencephalic activity falls down to lower levels than basal ones, bulbar activity increases first and then also decreases rapidly. This suggests a mechanism of exhausting stocks of monoamines but also of change of the local cerebral blood flow. Increase and then fall of the reticular activity may be the general way, even without any herniation, of evolution of any intracranial hypertension of traumatic or tumoral origin.
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PMID:[Attempt at explaining decompensation of hydrocephalus by modifications of reticular activity]. 59 84

Severe edema-proteinuria-hypertension (EPH) gestosis (pre-eclampsia) appears in at least two forms (A and B). The A type is mostly complicated by fits, while the B type is characterized by multiple organ failure. The perinatal mortality rate is especially high in the B group. All gravid women with severe EPH gestosis benefit from blood volume expansion therapy.
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PMID:Severe edema-proteinuria-hypertension gestosis. 71 64

Hypertensive encephalopathy is a dramatic syndrome characterized by severe elevation of blood pressure, headache, visual disturbances, altered mental status, and convulsions. Although the syndrome is uncommon, to recognize and treat it promptly is important or the condition may prove to be fatal. Hypertensive encephalopathy should be distinguished from other cerebral complications of severe hypertension by obtaining careful history and performing thorough physical examination. The only definitive criterion for the diagnosis of this syndrome is its prompt response to therapy. If the patient's condition does not improve with hypotensive therapy, the physician should immediately search for alternate diagnoses. Potent drugs are available for prompt reduction of blood pressure. There are few medical emergencies in which the objective response to therapy is so strikingly apparent as in hypertensive encephalopathy.
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PMID:Hypertensive encephalopathy: recognition and management. 71 53


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