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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To assess the contribution of parenchymal hypertension to pain, pancreatic tissue pressures were measured intraoperatively in 17 patients with chronic pancreatitis and in four other patients undergoing pancreatic surgery (reference group). The technique involved direct fine needle cannulation of the pancreas using a flow infusion system, which measured parenchymal resistance to this infusion. Three to six recordings were obtained at each site. In chronic pancreatitis the pressure (mean +/- s.e.m.) was substantially elevated in all regions of the pancreas compared with reference subjects: head (257 +/- 59 versus 19 +/- 5 mmHg, P less than 0.05); body (201 +/- 51 versus 13 +/- 6 mmHg, P less than 0.05) and tail (161 +/- 45 versus 11 +/- 3 mmHg, P less than 0.05). Elevation was greater in areas of calcific disease (281-383 mmHg) than in non-calcific disease (81-120 mmHg, P less than 0.05). Mean pancreatic ductal pressure in 10 patients (seven with calcific disease) was 20 +/- 4 mmHg. Differential pressure measurements within the pancreas helped determine the extent of resection in six patients with diffuse disease. The greatly increased tissue pressures in chronic pancreatitis, especially in the presence of calcification, suggest a possible 'compartment syndrome'.
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PMID:Pancreatic tissue and ductal pressures in chronic pancreatitis. 159 31

The object of this article is to review the current knowledge about the acute compartment syndrome. The syndrome is caused by increased pressure in a muscle compartment and may result from several different conditions: fractures, contusions, haemorrhage, poisoning etc. The pathological physiology is complicated but the main theory is that progressive venous hypertension is involved and that this causes cessation of the microcirculation of the muscle concerned. The clinical diagnosis is described and pressure recording apparatus is reviewed. Treatment of the acute compartment syndrome consists of fasciotomy. Common sites are indicated and operative techniques suggested. Fasciotomy should be performed with compartmental pressures of about 30 mmHg. The untreated compartment syndrome will result in muscular fibrosis and nerve injury and will thus cause incapacitating conditions which may be avoided entirely if fasciotomy is performed in time.
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PMID:[Acute compartment syndrome]. 202 43

Compartment syndromes occur following lower extremity injuries and have been associated with the use of pneumatic or "medical" antishock trousers (MAST). Review of 12 previously reported cases and 15 new cases suggests that lower extremity trauma and systemic hypotension are cofactors responsible for the development of compartment syndrome but MAST use also contributes to the process by prolonging muscle ischemia. Complications of lower limb compartment hypertension may be averted by early recognition and fasciotomy. Associated amputations and mortality are directly related to the severity of injury, or indirectly to delay in diagnosis and treatment of the compartment syndrome and its complications.
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PMID:MAST-associated compartment syndrome (MACS): a review. 265 81

In 9 of 45 patients treated for dual vascular injuries of the lower extremity, concomitant fasciotomies were performed at the time of initial surgery for associated soft tissue injury, fracture, or prolonged ischemia. Eight other patients developed compartment syndrome requiring delayed fasciotomy. In seven of them, vein was either ligated or the repaired vein became occluded. In the eighth patient, peripheral venous hypertension was caused by massive swelling of the thigh. In the laboratory, compartment pressure was monitored by wick catheter in 24 hind limbs of 12 dogs subjected to experimental conditions simulating vascular injuries and their management. There was a significant increase in compartment pressure in a group that simulated arterial and venous injuries managed by arterial repair and venous outflow obstruction. Based on our study, we suggest that obstruction to venous drainage and venous hypertension are major factors in the development of compartment syndrome in dual vascular injuries of the lower extremity.
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PMID:Compartment syndrome in combined arterial and venous injuries of the lower extremity. 275 41

The compartment syndrome is in fact secondary to intracompartmental hypertension which creates ischemia of the muscles, nerves, vessels, and anterior tibial and peroneal arteries in the leg. Described in the 19th century, the clinical picture is better known when progressing either in the acute form or in the chronic form. Diagnosis depends basically on the measurement of intramuscular pressure; treatment, at least initially, apart from subcutaneous aponeurotic decompression, also calls for hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The latter is particularly indicated in those cases bordering on surgical and medical treatment, for preventing deterioration and improving muscular possibilities in the post-surgical period. At the present time, the physiopathology of the condition is still poorly understood. The whiplash syndrome was well described by Martorelli and is due to rupture of the muscular veins of the calf. The clinical picture is often ambiguous and can suggest underlying phlebitis. The triad of symptoms --pain, disability and ecchymosis-- generally enables a diagnosis to be made, with treatment consisting primarily of immobilization. As for Bywaters' syndrome (crush syndrome), it is still very topical. The original description of the clinical picture by Bywaters during the bombardment of London in 1942 has been replaced by the picture resulting from large scale accidents that are part of modern society. The picture is still highly dramatic and if untreated progresses to acute renal insufficiency. Treatment has certainly changed and hyperbaric therapy (administered at two or three atmospheres) is a valid adjuvant to basic treatment and modifies the progress of the phenomenon with entirely satisfactory results.
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PMID:[The compartment syndrome]. 277 54

We report the results of 36 femoral lengthenings in 30 consecutive patients using the Ilizarov technique. Patient age at surgery in 19 boys and 11 girls averaged 13.4 years (range, 5-18). Minimum follow-up was 2 years. The etiology of femoral shortening was congenital in 21 femora and acquired in 15. Twelve femora underwent concomitant correction of associated angular deformities during treatment. The average lengthening was 8.3 cm (range, 3.5-12 cm) with a treatment time of 6.4 months (range, 2.5-12). The mean number of surgeries per patient was 2.3, including apparatus application and removal. Lengthening index (months of treatment/centimeter lengthening) was 0.74. Complications included premature consolidation in four patients, malunion of > 10 degrees in two patients, and residual limb length inequality (< 2 cm) in two. There were two instances of knee subluxation [corrected]. No osteomyelitis, ring sequestra, neurologic or vascular compromise, compartment syndrome, hypertension, or hip or knee dislocations occurred. Psychological problems necessitated cessation of lengthening in two patients. These results show a significant improvement over previous reports of earlier techniques of femoral lengthening in terms of greater lengthening, simultaneous deformity correction, and fewer major complications.
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PMID:Results of femoral lengthening using the Ilizarov technique. 774 99

Blunt trauma to the knee has been associated with both musculoskeletal and neurovascular injury to the leg. Popliteal artery thromboses secondary to such trauma can be complicated by a compartment syndrome. The loss of distal pulses in the leg following blunt knee trauma should always be attributed to a suspected vascular lesion and not to the presence of the compartment hypertension. We present a case in which the diagnosis of a popliteal artery thrombosis was delayed because the loss of distal pulses was initially attributed to the compartment syndrome.
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PMID:Traumatic popliteal artery thrombosis and compartment syndrome of the leg following blunt trauma to the knee: a discussion of treatment and complications. 893 76

Intraabdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome are increasingly recognized as potential complications in patients who have significant intraabdominal trauma. Intraabdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome affect all body systems, most notably the cardiac, respiratory, renal, and neurologic systems. This complication also affects blood flow to various intraabdominal organs and may play a significant role in the sepsis and multiple organ failure syndrome seen in many trauma patients. Nursing knowledge of the risk factors and clinical signs of intraabdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome can reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this syndrome.
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PMID:Intraabdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in trauma: pathophysiology and interventions. 1034 91

Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) associated with organ dysfunction defines the abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). Elevated intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) adversely impacts pulmonary, cardiovascular, renal, splanchnic, musculoskeletal/integumentary, and central nervous system physiology. The combination of IAH and disordered physiology results in a clinical syndrome with significant morbidity and mortality. The onset of the ACS requires prompt recognition and appropriately timed and staged intervention in order to optimize outcome. The history, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of this disorder is outlined.
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PMID:Abdominal compartment syndrome. 1109 93

In the last few years, physiological changes, symptoms, diagnostic tools, and treatment of abdominal compartment syndrome interest surgeons, trauma surgeons and anaesthetists. Sudden, dangerous basic vital function deterioration in patients managed in the intensive care unit, may be results of abdominal compartment syndrome. Abdominal compartment syndrome is secondary to massive intraabdominal haemorrhages, hepatic or retroperitoneal space "packing", fluid collection in tissues, including abdominal organs. Circulatory, respiratory and kidney dysfunction occur, when intraabdominal pressure measured in urinary bladder is 25 H2O or higher. In this condition, rapid surgical decompression is necessary. During decompression abdominal organs reperfusion may produce arterial hypotension and asystole. Abdominal closure must prevent abdominal hypertension. Temporary plastic patch, simple and cheap is the most popular technique.
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PMID:[Abdominal compartment syndrome: current view]. 1160 85


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