Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Concentration of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and activities of some enzymes were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 38 patients with various cerebrovascular diseases. Cerebral infarction of the carotid area (less than 14 days after the attack) revealed a significant increase in CSF cAMP level in comparison to a transient ischemic attack (TIA) and cephalagia without any pathological findings (control group). A trend towards elevated values was observed also in cerebral hemorrhage, whereas the CSF cAMP concentrations in subarachnoid hemorrhage, TIA, syncope, and cerebral infarction of at least 2 months of duration were in the range of control values. A significant rise in CSF enzyme activities was observed only in hemorrhagic disorders. Hypertensive patients with TIA showed significantly higher CSF cAMP values than normotensive ones. A similar positive correlation between blood pressure and CSF aAMP concentrations was found also in subarachnoid hemorrhage and syncope groups. On the basis of the present results it is suggested that in cerebrovascular diseases CSF cAMP concentration reflects the size and the time of the destruction of cerebral cells, and correlates with hypertension of the patient possibly indicating an increased sympathetic activity.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid concentration of cyclic AMP in cerebrovascular diseases. 17 15

The incidence of TIA, stroke, and neuropathy was studied in a community-based maturity-onset diabetic population. The frequencies of TIA and stroke were increased in maturity-onset diabetic patients as compared to the population of Rochester, Minnesota. The median age of occurrence of TIA and stroke in diabetics was 74 years, not significantly different from that in non-diabetics. Diabetic patients with hypertension at the time of diagnosis of diabetes mellitus had an increased frequency of TIA and stroke. Control of hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus was associated with a decreased frequency of TIA or stroke. Obesity, clinical coronary heart disease, and an abnormal electrocardiogram at the time of diagnosis of diabetes mellitus were not associated with a significantly increased frequency of TIA or stroke. The most common type of peripheral neuropathy in diabetes mellitus was distal polyneuropathy. Mononeuropathy and autonomic neuropathy were much less frequent. The frequency of distal polyneuropathy increased with the duration of diabetes mellitus. The frequency of neuropathy was increased in patients with poor control, reemphasizing the importance of diabetic control in the prevention of diabetic complications.
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PMID:Neurologic complications of diabetes mellitus: transient ischemic attack, stroke, and peripheral neuropathy. 21 54

No permanent neurologic deficit results from a transient ischemic attack, but patients with these episodes are at risk of stroke. Successful treatment depends on identifying the source of the problem--the heart, blood, or vessel wall. However, anticoagulants and antiplatelet agglutinating agents will reduce only the incidence of TIA's, not the incidence of stroke. Prompt vigorous treatment of progressive stroke may avert completed stroke. Heparin is recommended, unless a specific etiologic factor, such as polycythemia or hypertension, is identified.
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PMID:Current concepts in managing TIAs and stroke. 44 70

Eighteen patients with idiopathic optic neuropathy lacked symptoms and signs of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, especially when compared to three groups of patients with sudden visual loss caused by retinal infarction, transient ischemia, and cerebral infarction. Many patients in the latter groups had hypertension, carotid bruits, heart disease, transient ischemic attack, and stroke. But among the patients with ischemic optic neuropathy, hypertension was the only evidence of cardiovascular disease, affecting 44% of the patients. We argue that, in many cases, ischemic optic neuropathy represents a direct and early complication of hypertension arterial disease affecting small arterioles supplying the anterior part of the optic nerve. The pathologic process may thus be similar or identical to lacunar infarction of the brain.
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PMID:Ischemic optic neuropathy as a possible early complication of vascular hypertension. 51 8

A population of 199 patients from Rochester, MN, was followed from the time of their first carotid or vertebral-basilar transient ischemic attack (TIA). Patients treated with anticoagulants had no significant difference in survival from untreated patients. Among patients with carotid TIA who received anticoagulants, the net probability of stroke was slightly but not significantly lower than in untreated patients. The difference favoring treated patients with vertebral-basilar TIA was significant starting at three months. The rate of intracranial hemorrhage was higher higher among all patients receiving anticoagulant treatment than among untreated patients and was significantly higher among those 55 to 74 years old. Almost all the hemorrhages occurred after a year or more of anticoagulant treatment and in patients more than 65 years old. Patients with high diastolic blood pressure had a significantly higher net probability of stroke than did patients with lower blood pressure and those receiving antihypertensive drugs. By implication, treatment of hypertension was effective in preventing stroke in patients with TIA. Linear discriminant analysis and actuarial analysis indicated that diastolic blood pressure and anticoagulant therapy were the only factors that influenced stroke occurrence. There was no suggestion that previous myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, valvular heart disease, cardiac arrhythmia, or congestive heart failure--individually or in combination--influenced the occurrence of stroke or survival.
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PMID:Carotid and vertebral-basilar transient ischemic attacks: effect of anticoagulants, hypertension, and cardiac disorders on survival and stroke occurrence--a population study. 65 61

Fifty-seven cases admitted to the Karolinska Hospital 1973-1976 with the diagnosis transient cerebral ischemia were reviewed. Seventeen cases were excluded as not fulfilling the strict TIA definition. An analysis of the records and the supplementary questionnaire of the remaining cases showed considerable sex differences in the stroke-prone profile. In the male group arteriosclerosis in the extracranial cerebral arteries was demonstrated in 90% of these examined by angiography. In the female group factors recognized as interfering with the coagulation system were obvious in more than 70% and two women had fibromuscular dysplasia. These differences may have therapeutic and prognostic implications. In the total material only 35% had hypertension. Diabetes was not present in any of the patients. Of the men 46.6% had abnormal blood lipids against 15.4% of the women. Seventy-five percent of the patients with verified arteriosclerosis were regular smokers. At a mean follow-up time of 18.7 months only one patient, in the untreated group, developed completed stroke.
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PMID:Pathogenetic profile of TIA before 55. A three-year investigation. 68 66

The clinical features of 102 cases with transient attacks due to cerebral ischemia were evaluated, and 94 out of 102 cases were followed for an average of 6 years. 1) The clinical study makes comparisons between two groups of patients grouped under the somewhat new definition of Reversible Ischemic Attacks (RIA): classical Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA) and Stroke with Full Recovery (SFR), in which a complete recovery took place over a longer period, on the average 3 weeks. 2) SFR constitutes the 34.31% of the total cases with transient ischemic episodes. In the carotid district the onset was more frequently gradual in SFR than in TIA and aphasia more frequent in TIA than in SFR. Multiple attacks prevailed in TIA over the SFR group. The definition of transient attack due to ischemia is discussed. 3) Completed strokes occurred in 11 cases (11.7%) with RIA. Hypertension and cardiac disease were significantly frequent in cases with subsequent stroke. The conclusion was reached that TIA is a symptom, not a pathological state, and TIA should be considered an important symptom but not a specific harbinger of completed stroke.
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PMID:Clinical features and long-term follow-up of patients with reversible ischemic attacks (RIA). 69 35

In 50 patients with encephalomalacia and 50 patients with a transient cerebral ischemic attack (TIA) the risk factors and viscosity of the whole blood as well as the hematocrit were determined before the start of treatment. Compared to a control group, the blood viscosity in patients with encephalomalacia was significantly increased (p less than 0.001) in all ranges of shearing velocity tested, in patients with TIA only at that shearing velocity which may be assumed for the area of microcirculation. This increase was related to the presence of arterial hypertension, hyperlipemia, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hyperfibrinogenemia and increased tendency of thrombocytes and erythrocytes to aggregate. From the results obtained it was concluded that increased blood viscosity in the cerebral area of microcirculation with insufficient cerebral collateral circulation may decisively favor the development of encephalomalacia.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of changes in blood viscosity in cerebrovascular insufficiency (author's transl)]. 81 Jun 86

Twelve patients who had no evidence of arteriosclerotic cerebral vascular disease, lacked hypertension or coagulation defect, and had not been receiving contraceptive therapy had recurrent transient cerebral ischemic attacks (TIAs) and partial nonprogressive strokes. All had prolapsing mitral valve proved by angiocardiography. The average age was 38 years, compared with 62 years in a larger series of patients with TIA associated with arteriosclerosis. We propose that the ischemic events are related to emboli emanating from the abnormal mitral valve with or without an associated paroxysmal cardiac arrhythmia.
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PMID:Cerebral ischemic events associated with prolapsing mitral valve. 98 56

An investigation limited to patients under 70 years of age was undertaken to study the incidence of new cerebrovascular strokes (cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, and cerebral embolism) in all cases from Uppsala county between 1967-1971. The total incidence of stroke is 36/1000,000 in this age category; the mean age was 59.9 years for men and 60.8 years for women. Of the total number, 25% were recurrences. The occurrence of a moderate but significant decrease during the period of study has been attributed to an extended and improved treatment of hypertension. All of the 6 females who had suffered strokes below 40 years of age had been on oral contraceptives at the time. A high incidence of diabetes and symptoms of cardiovascula r impairment (hypertension, transient ischemic attack, cardiosclerotic disease) was found. A high incidence of myocardial infarction and of strokes was found among parents of those suffering cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarctions, respectively.
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PMID:Studies on cerebrovascular stroke. I. Epidemiology of first-time strokes in persons under 70 years of age. 120 87


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