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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four cases of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease are described. Two patients, who were brothers, had respiratory tract infections. The third patient had chronic active hepatitis and coeliac disease suggesting an abnormality of the immune system; the fourth patient had no obvious cause but presented initially with systemic hypertension. Three of the cases had been diagnosed initially as primary pulmonary hypertension either on open lung biopsy or clinically. In all cases the pulmonary arteries were abnormal with medial hypertrophy, intimal fibrosis and, in some cases, thrombosis in elastic pulmonary arteries. These findings suggest that pulmonary veno-occlusive disease is not confined to veins and should be considered as a widespread pulmonary vascular disease. The range of aetiological factors indicate that it should not be considered as a single disease entity.
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PMID:Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. A report of four cases. 378 91

To elucidate the role of the autonomous nervous system in formation of a specific renal "resetting", typical for arterial hypertension, in 8-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats, a study was made of the morphology of the celiac ganglion as one of the main sources of renal innervation. Light and fluorescent microscopy demonstrate the hypertrophy of the neurons and their nuclei, an increase in the whole ganglion volume and the volume density of the SIF cells. This evidence for hyperactivity of the celiac ganglion attests to the involvement of the renal nervous system in the structural and functional reorganization ("resetting") at the early stages of hypertension as well as a manifestation of hyperactivity of the nervous system in this disease.
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PMID:[Morphological evidence of celiac ganglion hyperfunction in spontaneous hypertension in rats]. 397 Oct 39

This article compares the accuracy of commonly used oculoplethysmography (OPG) equipments--OPG/Gee, OPG/Kartchner, and OPG/Zira--in the detection of significant carotid stenosis. The first 200 patients (400 carotid arteries) with readily available carotid arteriograms were selected from each of the following categories: OPG/Kartchner, OPG/Gee, and OPG/Zira, making a total of 600 patients. The radiologic findings were divided into two categories: the first included patients with normal carotid arteries or vessels with less than 50% stenosis, and the second included patients with carotid stenosis greater than or equal to 50%. The results of OPG/Zira, OPG/Kartchner, and OPG/Gee are listed respectively: diagnostic sensitivity of 88.88%, 92.6%, and 96.0%; diagnostic specificity of 86.77%, 90.7%, and 91.8%; false positive rate of 6.0%, 5.1%, and 3.6%; false negative rate of 22.7%, 13.0%, and 8.9%; overall diagnostic accuracy of 88.25%, 92.0%, and 94.8%; and accuracy in determining bilateral carotid stenosis of 66.0%, 79.0%, and 89.5%. We concluded that the three machines were valuable in the diagnosis of normal carotid arteries and significant unilateral carotid stenosis. However, the OPG/Gee had slightly better overall accuracy and was more valuable in the diagnosis of significant bilateral carotid stenosis. The OPG/Kartchner had the advantage of being applicable in patients with extreme hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. The OPG/Zira was limited in the diagnosis of bilaterally significant carotid stenosis.
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PMID:Comparison of various oculoplethysmography modalities. 397 16

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether local mechanisms of blood flow autoregulation mediate vasoconstriction during the early development of renal hypertension. Anesthetized rats were instrumented with Doppler flow probes on the celiac (CA), superior mesenteric (SMA), and renal arteries to measure flow velocity in these vessels. Acute two-kidney, one clip renal hypertension was produced by inflating a pneumatic occluder on the left renal artery to reduce flow velocity by 50%. Two hours after renal artery stenosis (RAS), femoral artery pressure (AP) was increased by 35%, CA resistance by 45%, and SMA resistance by 57%. No increases were observed in AP or in CA and SMA resistances for sham-operated, control rats. To determine if autoregulation contributed to the increase in SMA resistance, we protected the SMA vasculature from the increased arterial pressure by servocontrolled inflation of a pneumatic cuff implanted around the SMA. Although normalizing SMA pressure with the protective cuff significantly reduced (p less than 0.05) the increase in SMA resistance that occurred after RAS, SMA resistance remained elevated above control levels. These results suggest that (1) reduced intensity of SMA constriction produced by protection of the SMA is due to inhibition of a local autoregulatory mechanism that is contributing to the increase in SMA resistance during the acute development of renal hypertension, and (2) maintenance of elevated SMA resistance during protection from increased AP is the result of pressure-independent mechanisms that are activated subsequent to renal artery stenosis.
Hypertension
PMID:Autoregulation and vasoconstriction in the intestine during acute renal hypertension. 399 21

The time of appearance of the left gastric vein on serial celiac arteriograms in patients with portal hypertension and esophageal varices was compared with that of the portal vein to assess regional hemodynamics in the left venous portion of the stomach, an area located in close proximity to the varices. In two thirds of all the patients with cirrhosis or non-cirrhotic idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH), the left gastric vein was visualized earlier or simultaneously than or with the portal vein, while in all but one patient with prehepatic portal obstruction, there was a delayed opacification of the left gastric vein. These results suggest the presence of a hyperdynamic circulatory state which promotes venous hypertension in the left gastric venous area of the stomach of a considerable number of patients with cirrhosis or IPH. In such a hemodynamic state, selective decompression of varices can be achieved by a left gastric venous caval shunt.
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PMID:Hyperdynamic circulation in the left gastric venous area in patients with portal hypertension: angiological assessment. 401 94

A 32-year-old man developed abdominal pain and the paradoxical hypertension after aortic coarctation repair. Abdominal angiography revealed widespread changes of the branches of the superior mesenteric artery and the celiac axis. After the conservative treatment, both the abdominal pain and the angiographic changes disappeared.
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PMID:Angiographic demonstration of mesenteric arterial changes in postcoarctectomy syndrome. 403 78

A 36-year-old woman with a history of left nephrectomy for renovascular hypertension secondary to arterial occlusive lesion of Takayasu's arteritis was re-admitted to our hospital with complaints of postprandial abdominal pain in the sixth post-operative month. On the 14th hospital day, the developing abdominal distension and generalized tenderness suggested a mesenteric vascular occlusion. Following abdominal aortography, emergency surgery was performed. The entire small bowel was edematous and markedly cyanotic with spotted, dark colored areas and the mesentery was pulseless. The patient was successfully treated by thromboendarterectomy at the origin of the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries and the necrotic loop of intestine was then resected 7 days later. Takayasu's arteritis was diagnosed by histological examination of the resected specimens. Although the occurrence of mesenteric infarction secondary to Takayasu's arteritis is rare, the possibility of mesenteric vascular occlusion should be given consideration in the follow-up of patients with Takayasu's arteritis.
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PMID:Mesenteric infarction in Takayasu's arteritis treated by thromboendarterectomy and intestinal resection. 612 14

We performed angiotension-induced hypertension cancer chemotherapy in a patient with unresectable gastric cancer with invasion to the pancreatic head and lymphatic metastases along the common hepatic and celiac arteries. At re-operation, the tumor size was remarkably decreased and we were able to perform curative subtotal gastrectomy without invasion and metastases. The pathological specimen showed no malignant cells at postoperation.
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PMID:[A gastric cancer patient who underwent curative resection by angiotension-induced hypertension cancer chemotherapy]. 642 2

Coarctation of the abdominal aorta with stenoses or occlusions of the renal and mesenterial arteries was diagnosed in four patients. Three of the patients had severe hypertension and two had intermittent claudication. All the patients had normal arteries in the legs. The first patient was diagnosed i 1974 and was judged at that time to be inoperable. He is still alive, but suffers from severe hypertension and intermittent claudication. The other three patients were diagnosed later and have all been surgically treated, two with Dacron bypasses from the thoracic to the abdominal aorta, one of them with supplemental Dacron bypasses to both renal arteries, the celiac axis, and the superior mesenteric artery. The last patient had a Dacron prosthesis from the thoracic aorta to both common femoral arteries implanted. Post-operatively, the three patients operated on were free from symptoms and normotensive.
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PMID:Coarctation of the abdominal aorta. 694 84

Until recently aortography was performed routinely for elective abdominal aortic aneurysm at our institution. A death resulting from this procedure prompted us to evaluate this policy by a retrospective study of 105 elective aneurysm patients. These studies identified 21 renal artery stenoses, 2 renal artery aneurysms, 2 cases of multiple renal arteries, 8 celiac stenoses, 6 superior mesenteric artery stenoses or occlusions, and a number of peripheral occlusive processes and associated iliac aneurysms. However, the impact of these findings on surgical management was limited to six renal artery reconstructions: one for reimplantation of a renal artery arising from the aneurysm, one for serious hypertension, and four in normotensive patients with severe arterial stenosis. No celiac or mesenteric reconstructions were undertaken, and no visceral complications ensured. In only one patient, the one with renal artery reimplantation, was the angiographic information unsuspected and significant for operative management. This did not appear to justify the risk and expense involved in routine preoperative aortography.
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PMID:Should aortography be used routinely in the elective management of abdominal aortic aneurysm? 709 31


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