Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In young, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), a preganglionic, nerve-dependent, elevation of choline acetyltransferase (ChAc) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activities was found in celiac ganglia as compared with those in young, normotensive Kyoto Wistar rats, that was not present in superior cervical ganglia, stellate ganglia and adrenal glands. The rise in both enzyme activities in the celiac ganglion disappeared in adult SHR. An elevation of plasma norepinephrine and dopamine beta-hydroxylase levels found in prehypertensive SHR, a probable indication of peripheral sympathetic activation, disappeared after the bilateral removal of the celiac ganglion. However, ganglionectomy did not change the subsequent development of hypertension. These results indicate that the faster maturation of the celiac ganglion and the end organs it innervates in yount SHR are causally related to the activation of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. The peripheral sympathetic activation in young SHR is regarded as a warning sign but this does not trigger the development of hypertension.
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PMID:Enhanced sympathetic activity in young spontaneously hypertensive rats is not the trigger mechanism for genetic hypertension. 2 May 86

Pharmacological properties of surugatoxin (SGTX), the toxic principle from Japanese ivory mollusc (Babylonia japonica), have been studied. In the present paper, the effect of SGTX on celiac ganglia in cats was investigated by measuring blood pressure from femoral artery and regional blood flow in liver (LBF) and spleen (SBF) of anaesthetized cats. SGTX(50 nmol/kg i.v.) markedly inhibited both the hypertension and changes of LBF and SBF in response to splanchnic (preganglionic) nerve stimulation. On the other hand, it did not inhibit the changes of SBF by splenic(postganglionic) nerve stimulation. The hypertension and changes in LBF and SBF in response to DMPP(94.2 nmol/kg i.v.) were abolished by SGTX(50 nmol/kg i.v.), whereas those to McN-A-343 (94.8 nmol/kg i.v.) were not. SGTX usually enhanced the pressor response to McN-A-343. These results indicate that SGTX has a blocking effect on the nicotinic receptor in celiac ganglia as well as in superior cervical ganglia of cats and rats.
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PMID:[Effect of surugatoxin on celiac ganglia in cats (author's transl)]. 7 18

Review of 153 cases of massive spontaneous hemoperitoneum following visceral arterial rupture showed that 94% of all young women and 100% of all pregnant women had ruptured congenital splenic artery aneurysms at the time of hemorrhage, whereas young males bled from a variety of sources. Individuals who were 45 years old or older bled either from lesions of the celiac axis or its branches (66%) or from arterial mesenteric system lesions (34%). Only 22% of the older individuals of either sex bled from splenic artery sources. Arterial hypertension was present in 40% and previous or simultaneous intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 9% of the older patients. There were no survivors among those in whom the bleeding source was not operatively controlled. With operation, 79% of the younger patients and 57% of the older ones survived. Results emphasize the high mortality of visceral artery rupture with intraperitoneal bleeding. Prophylactic excision is advised for all complicated aneurysms regardless of age and all uncomplicated aneurysms in healthy individuals, especially in fertile or pregnent women.
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PMID:Massive spontaneous hemoperitoneum due to rupture of visceral branches of the abdominal aorta. 50 33

Seven patients had acute oliguric renal failure after intravenous urography (2), celiac arteriography (2), or cardiac angiography (3). Diatrizoate meglumine was the contrast media used in all of the cases. These patients had an average age of 63 years and six were 55 years of age or older. Diabetes mellitus, negative fluid balance before the procedure, underlying renal insufficiency, and hypertension were common, being present in three, four, five, and six of the patients respectively . Anuria or oliguria occurred within 24 hours of the procedure and persisted from 36 to 96 hours (72 hours average). The serum creatinine level rose significantly in all of the patients and reached a peak in two to seven days after the procedure. In six patients, recovery was complete by two to three weeks. The seventh patient experienced only partial recovery. These cases taken together with a mounting number of recent reports suggest that contrast media-induced oliguric renal failure is more common than generally believed. Diabetes mellitus, older age, and underlying renal insufficiency seem to be important predisposing factors.
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PMID:Contrast media-induced oliguric renal failure. 62 32

To determine the accuracy of ocular pneumoplethysmography (OPG-Gee) in detecting carotid arterial occlusive disease, 350 patients were tested by OPG-Gee. Sixty-three patients underwent angiography and the findings were correlated with the results of OPG-Gee tracings. Testing without carotid compression averaged three minutes and was easily performed by a physician or technician. There were no significant complications. Hypertension did not affect evaluation. There were two false-negative tests and no false-positive tests. Without carotid compression the overall accuracy for testing for significant arterial stenosis was 97%. When a carotid compression test was added, the two missed lesions were detected.
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PMID:Ocular pneumoplethysmography: detection of carotid occlusive disease. 75 63

A case of gallbladder infarction, occurring in a 34-year old man with severe hypertension is described, with uneventful recovery following cholecystectomy. In the absence of other obvious etiologic factors, the gallbladder infarction is presumed to be directly related to hypertensive vascular disease. Infarction of the gallbladder is rare; a few cases associated with hypertension have been previously reported. Other types of vascular disease including embolization, thrombosis complicating atherosclerosis and celiac angiography, polyarteritis nodosa, occlusion following torsion and cystic vein thrombosis have been reported to cause gallbladder infarction.
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PMID:Infarction of the gallbladder: a complication of hypertension. Case report. 86 44

Gastric varices may appear in association with esophageal varices secondary to portal-hypertension or as an independent manifestation of splenic vein obstruction. Since gastric varices often manifest as radiologic filling defects in the gastric fundus or cardia, differentiation from tumors and many other diseases becomes imperative. Unfortunately, routine diagnostic pprocedures may be of limited value. The difficulties in the diagnosis of gastric varices are illustrated with three specific cases. Correct diagnosis is best established with the aid of endoscopy and such special procedures as celiac angiography or splenoportography. With the help of three cases, the characteristics of gastric varices are reviewed and their evaluation and management are outlined.
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PMID:Gastric varices. Problem in diagnosis. 92 Jul 4

Reports from other laboratories have shown that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) stores in sympathetic ganglia are increased during dietary NaCl supplementation in normotensive rats. We have previously demonstrated that dietary NaCl supplementation in NaCl sensitive spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-S) exacerbates hypertension and enhances peripheral sympathetic nervous system activity, while NaCl resistant Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats show neither response. Since endogenous ANP may inhibit ganglion transmission, an inability of SHR-S to increase ganglion ANP appropriately in response to high NaCl feeding could contribute to the NaCl induced increase in sympathetic nervous system activity and blood pressure in this model, while an increase in ganglion ANP in NaCl supplemented WKY would tend to prevent sympathetic activity and blood pressure from rising. The current study tested the hypothesis that ganglion ANP levels increase in WKY but not in SHR-S during dietary NaCl supplementation. Male SHR-S and WKY rats were placed on 1% or 8% NaCl diets at 7 weeks of age. The rats were decapitated without prior anesthesia 3 weeks later, and the superior cervical and celiac ganglia were removed for the measurement of ANP by radioimmunoassay. Dietary NaCl supplementation produced significant increases in blood pressure in SHR-S, but not in WKY rats; the high NaCl diet was associated with significant increases in the ANP content of superior cervical and celiac ganglia in WKY rats, but not in SHR-S.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Ganglion atrial natriuretic peptide in NaCl sensitive spontaneously hypertensive rats. 145 81

Investigation of hypertension in a 21 year old man detected the presence of stenosis of the left renal artery. The arteriographic appearance of this stenosis, associated with the presence of stenosis of the celiac trunk of identical morphology, was suggestive of extrinsic pressure by the diaphragm and excluded endoluminal dilatation. Section of the left diaphragmatic crus released the renal artery and celiac trunk with complete recovery from the hypertension.
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PMID:[Compression of the left renal artery by the diaphragm]. 149 61

The prevalence of unsuspected renal artery stenosis among patients with peripheral vascular disease has been reported to be as high as 40%, but the prevalence of asymptomatic celiac and superior mesenteric artery stenoses in these patients is not known. The biplane aortograms of 205 male patients who were military veterans and had aneurysms or occlusive disease were independently reviewed, and medical records were studied to determine associated coronary disease, risk factors, and patient outcome. Fifty-six patients (27%) had a 50% or greater stenosis in the celiac or superior mesenteric artery, and seven patients (3.4%) had significant stenoses in both mesenteric arteries. Patients with celiac or superior mesenteric artery stenoses were older (p = 0.002) and had a higher prevalence of hypertension (p = 0.029) than those without significant mesenteric stenoses. Fifty of the 205 patients had significant renal artery stenoses, and 20 had advanced (greater than 75% diameter loss) renal stenoses. Ten of the 20 patients (50%) with advanced renal stenoses had a concomitant celiac artery stenosis, compared to 40 of the 185 patients (22%) who did not have advanced renal stenoses (p = 0.011). In the present study asymptomatic celiac or superior mesenteric artery stenoses were common among male veterans evaluated for peripheral vascular disease, but the prevalence of significant stenoses in both the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries was low. The prevalence of significant celiac stenosis was higher in patients with advanced (greater than 75%) renal artery stenoses who might be considered for prophylactic renal revascularization. Lateral aortography with evaluation of the celiac artery is always appropriate in these patients.
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PMID:Asymptomatic celiac and superior mesenteric artery stenoses are more prevalent among patients with unsuspected renal artery stenoses. 186 31


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