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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 117 patients with renovascular hypertension operated upon by employing reconstructive surgery upon renal arteries for producing hypotensive effect and restoration of renal functions were examined. Examination was made before surgery, in the near (up to 6 months) and remote post-operative periods (after a lapse of up to 10 years time). Soon after the operation persistent normalization of the arterial pressure was recorded in 78 (67 per cent) of 117 patients, improvement supervened in 12 per cent of the cases, and a positive hypotensive effect could be achieved in 92 or 79 per cent of the patients. The immediate normalization and improvement in the evolution of arterial hypertension continue, as a rule, also late after surgery. Following reconstructive operations on the renal arteries with normalized arterial pressure or its improvement the great majority of the patients demonstrated re-establishment or a significant improvement of both the summary (filtration, concentration and even nitrogen-excretory) and individual renal functions (as shown by the results of radioisotope renography with I131 hippuranium and excretory urography. In patients with malignant course of arterial hypertension successful reconstructive surgery was followed by a tendency toward retrograde development of the arterial hypertension malignancy.
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PMID:[Kidney function after reconstructive operations on the renal arteries in renovascular hypertension]. 103 Jul 51

We compared the locus of control scores of the following groups: (1) 19 male borderline hypertensives volunteering for biofeedback treatment; (2) 100 consecutive males who were screened for hypertension; (3) 30 male cancer patients receiving radiation therapy, and (4) the normative data from college students. The biofeedback volunteer group was significantly more internal in locus of control as compared to all other groups. The locus of control of the borderline hypertensives within the screened population did not differ from the normotensives, but the screened population as a whole had a relatively internal locus of control. Our findings imply that the 'internals' may be more attracted to self-control treatments like biofeedback, and data generated from this particular population may have limited generalizability, especially in regard to 'externals'.
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PMID:Borderline hypertensives volunteering for follow-up and biofeedback. A preliminary study: locus of control characteristics. 105 77

The relative extent of raised and calcified coronary aortic lesions, prevalence of coronary stenosis and of fresh and old myocardial infarction, and mean heart weight were expressed on a continuous scale for 4 disease groups (coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction/haemorrhage, hypertension/diabetes, cancer). Within these groups the relative position for each of the lesions was calculated by subgroups of disease in order to show the elevating or depressing effect of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and combinations of disease. The strength of association between 33 factors (town 5, disease 24, obesity, heart weight, age, and sex) and the lesions was calculated. An analysis of variance was carried out and the proportion of the variance of the different lesions accounted for by town, disease, etc., is shown. The extent of raised aortic lesions is strongly associated with age and hypertension. It is positively associated with coronary heart disease and inversely associated with cancer. Town factors have a small positive association which is larger than that due to obesity. 33 factors taken together account for 50% of the variance. Age alone accounts for 37% and sex for only 0.3%. The extent of calcified aortic lesion is strongly associated with age, town, hypertension, coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus. It is inversely associated with cancer, more strongly in cancer of the bronchus and the liver than in other cancers. It is inversely associated with obesity. 33 factors together account for 30% of the variance and age alone accounts for about 13%. The extent of raised coronary lesions is strongly associated with age, coronary heart disease, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity. It is inversely associated with cancer, more strongly in cancer of the prostate and the liver than in other cancers. Town factors have a small association. 33 factors taken together account for about 43% of the variance. Age alone accounts for 25%. The extent of calcified coronary lesions is associated with coronary heart disease and age. There is a low association with hypertension and diabetes, an inverse association with cancer, and a low inverse association with obesity. 33 factors together account for 20% of the variance. Coronary heart disease alone accounts for 12% and age alone accounts for 8%. The prevalence of coronary stenosis is strongly associated with coronary heart disease, age, and sex. There is a small association with town factors, obesity, and hypertension, and an inverse association with cancer. All the factors together account for about 30% of the variance. Coronary heart disease alone accounts for 23% and age 10%.
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PMID:Aortic, coronary, and myocardial lesions in relation to various factors. 108 2

To test the hypothesis that human figures drawn by young adults are potential predictors of future disease states, drawings of 204 former medical students were examined 13 to 23 years later. During the interval, the 102 subjects in the experimental group developed one of six specified disorders, while the 102 subjects in the control groups remained in good health. Drawings were classified in eight categories based primarily on the stance of the figure. Categories of drawings found to be distinctive for the various groups are: healthy control groups: the neutral or uncommitted attitude; hypertension/coronary group: the inviting or input-demanding attitude; malignant tumor group: the attitude of ambivalence or conflict; suicide/mental illness group: the self-related or withdrawal attitude; emotional disturbance group: incomplete figures, bizarre figures, action scenes. Thus the evidence suggests that the stance of the figure drawing reflects the subject's attitude toward the outside world. When the category profiles of groups are compared, the following differences are found at levels of statistical significance: the total experimental group is different from the total control group; the somatic subset, "Body Takes the Rap" is different from the psychological subset, "Psyche Takes the Rap"; and the hypertension/coronary group, malignant tumor group, and emotional disturbance group are different from their specific control groups. It is concluded that human figure drawings by this population have predictive potential for certain future disease states, and that there are psychological precursors of somatic disease.
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PMID:Human figure drawings in a prospective study of six disorders: hypertension, coronary heart disease, malignant tumor, suicide, mental illness, and emotional disturbance. 110 Jul 80

In an attempt to confirm three reports suggesting a causal link between rauwolfia antihypertensive drugs and female breast carcinoma, all cases of such cancer appearing among the residents of an affluent retirement community were compared with controls chosen from a roster of all women in the same community. Most residents use a single care facility, and patterns of hypertension diagnosis, rauwolfia and other drug use, and medical-care-system patronage were abstracted from medical records. The prevalence of recorded rauwolfia use among the controls were 20 per cent, and that of other drug use was correspondingly high. The risk ratio for rauwolfia use was estimated to be 1.2 (95 per cent confidence interval, 0.7 to 2.2). Risk ratios between 1.0 and 2.0 were also found for other drug use and for measures of care-system patronage. These results do not support the hypothesis that reserpine causes breast cancer.
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PMID:Reserpine and breast cancer in a retirement community. 113 64

The side effects of using estrogen treatments to relieve menopausal symptoms in women are presented. Estrogens are effective in relieving headaches, vertigo, palpitations, and nervous symptoms such as depression, as well as degeneration and atrophy of the genital organs. In Norway, 2.5% of women over 45 as compared with 50% in the U.S. use estrogens to relieve menopausal symptoms. The incidence of endometrial cancer has risen from 9.2/100,000 in 1955 to 15.4 in 1974. Increased susceptibility to endometrial cancer has been linked to long-term use of estrogens, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and nulliparity. In American studies, Premarin has been associated with increased risk of cancer related to the chemical equilinine, which has a long half-life. After menopause, the need for estrogen is met by the conversion of androstenedione, which is produced by the adrenal gland. When estrogens are taken, it may result in an overstimulation of the endometrium, which could cause cancer. Estrogens have bene found useful and safe for short-term relief of menopausal symptoms, and any patient using estrogens should be under routine observation to prevent development of cancer.
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PMID:[From the Adverse Drug Reaction Committee. Can long-term estrogen treatment induce uterine neoplasms in post-climacteric women?]. 125 36

Heart transplantation has become a standard procedure in the treatment for irreversible heart failure. Criteria for both recipients and donors have been extended. One year survival now reaches 81%. In the immediate postoperative course patients are endangered by infection. In the long-term course coronary artery disease of the transplanted heart becomes the most serious problem. Alteration of liver and kidney function due to chronic medication as well as malignancies and hypertension also occur. In case of chronic transplant failure retransplantation may be indicated. Acute cardiac failure before transplantation nowerdays can be treated by mechanical circulatory assist devices.
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PMID:[Heart transplantation--indications and results]. 128 76

The outcome of untreated hypertension was investigated in a population of 17,713 persons in southern Taiwan who were aged 15 or over when they had taken part in a blood pressure survey in 1963. In the 27-year follow-up period, 55.8% of the overall mortality was comprised of those who were found to be hypertensive (as defined by WHO) in 1963, 31.3% by borderline hypertensives, and 22.6% by normotensives. The 27-year mortality rate due to stroke was much higher in hypertensives than in normotensives (11.4% vs 1.8%, respectively). The 5-year survival rates for mild, moderate and severe hypertensives were 89.9%, 82.7% and 72.3%, respectively, and the 20-year rates were 60.2%, 37.2% and 25.2%, respectively. The causes of death were also recorded: among hypertensives, stroke accounted for 23.2% of all deaths of known cause, cancer 20.5%, cardiovascular disease 21.7%, respiratory disease 11.8%, and other causes 22.9%. From the results, it is concluded that obvious differences in mortality and cause of death exist between untreated hypertensives and normotensives.
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PMID:Outcome among untreated hypertensives in the general population in Taiwan. 128 80

Experience with 1000 cases of aorto-(bi)femoral bypass is presented evaluating factors influencing the overall patency rate and late survival, over a period of 25 years. There were 820 cases with bilateral and 180 with a unilateral bypass. Mortality was 3.3% and death rate 39.4%. Re-do procedures have been excluded. Operative indications were for stage I disease (moderate claudication) (17.6%), stage II (advanced claudication) (53.2%), stage III (rest pain and/or pregangrenous changes) (22.7%) and stage IV (gangrenous tissue loss (6.5%). Myocardial infarction was the predominant cause of late death in 192 cases (48.7%), followed by cancer in 48 (13%), cerebrovascular disease in 43 (11%), chronic lung disease with cor pulmonale in 15 (3.8%) and miscellaneous causes in 52 (13.2%) of patients. The cause of death was unknown in 31 (7.8%) cases. Co-existent peripheral arteriopathy (PAD) noted in 377 (37.7%) patients, was found to be a major determinant of late graft patency. Carotid artery disease and renovascular hypertension were corrected surgically, prior to aorto-femoral bypass in the 5.6% and concomitantly in 4.2%. Coronary artery disease in 273 (27.3%) patients and hypertension in 269 (26.9%), had a great influence on late survival as did age and smoking habits. Endarterectomy together with profundaplasty was carried out in 162 (16.2%) instances. It was our policy to extend the graft limb over the profunda femoris and in cases with co-existent superficial femoral artery disease 208 (20.8%). In 630 (63%) instances, the distal anastomosis was performed at the level of common femoral artery. Immediate graft patency was obtained in 99.3% of the cases. Late patency rate for stages I and II at 5, 10 and 15 years was 82%, 76% and 72% respectively. Following secondary operation for graft occlusion, the 15 year patency was increased to 71%. Co-existent superficial femoral disease can be alleviated by appropriate concomitant profundaplasty. Amputation rates were 0.8% for stage II, 1.5% for stage III and 2.4% for stage IV disease. Twenty year life table analysis showed a reduced survival (54%), in comparison with normal population (77%).
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PMID:Aorto-femoral bypass and determinants of early success and late favourable outcome. Experience with 1000 consecutive cases. 128 3

Studies were undertaken to evaluate the fundamental conditions for a low-intensity voluntary wheel running model in rats and its chronic effects on health indexes. Male Fischer rats (SPF) 5 weeks of age were housed in individual sedentary conditions or in individual wheel-cage units which allowed free access to voluntary wheel running for 8 months. Voluntary running averaged 640 +/- 198 m/day, reached a peak (965m) at the 2nd month and waned over time, reaching a plateau after the 6th month (about 400-500m). Exercising rats consumed more food (+23%), but exhibited decreased body weight gains (-9%), suggesting a remarkable lowering of fat. A lowering effect on resting blood pressure (-5%) was also recognized. In addition, preventive effects on oxygen toxicity and effective bactericidal activity of neutrophils and pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) were suggested. Although the amount of exercise in this study was the smallest of the other preceding ones conducted with a voluntary wheel running model, many potential health benefits were recognized. Such health promoting and protective effects by low-intensity voluntary exercise and the harmfulness of forced exercise in rats have been reported in researches on cancer, lowering fat and hypertension. Therefore it is important to set up conditions for low-intensity voluntary running. It was also demonstrated by this study that strictly controlled environmental conditions, such as room temperature and humidity, a 12-hr light-dark cycle and prevention of infection and psychological stress to rats, as well as using male rats, which are more inactive, were important factors to establish this model.
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PMID:[Conditions for low-intensity voluntary wheel running in rats and its chronic effects on health indexes]. 128 62


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