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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A postal survey among 2% of men in Leeds showed that the prevalence of urinary stone disease is 3.8%. The prevalence of upper urinary tract and spontaneously passed stones increases progressively from 0.7% in social class 5 to 5.0% in social class 1 but that of bladder stones (0.7% in the group as a whole) is independent of social class. There is an initial peak of upper urinary tract and spontaneously passed stones commencing at age 20 and having a projected prevalence at age 90 of 5.7% and a second peak of bladder stones, commencing about age 50, with a projected prevalence of 1.9%. The prevalence of stone disease increases according to the order: single less than divorced/separated less than married less than widowed men. A family history of stones tends to be higher amongst relatives of stone-formers than amongst the corresponding relatives of control subjects, the male/female ratio being 2:1. The occurrence of urinary stones is significantly associated with that of gallstones, high blood pressure, backache, arthritis and gout but not with that of peptic ulcer, diabetes, thyroid disease or bronchitis.
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PMID:Studies on the prevalence and epidemiology of urinary stone disease in men in Leeds. 622 82

Drug therapy of asthma in the elderly with sympathomimetics, theophylline, steroids, and mucokinetic agents is described, with discussion of dosage evaluation, toxicity, possible drug interactions, and suggested management of common problems. The aspirin hypersensitivity syndrome is reviewed, with an admonition to avoid this drug in asthmatic patients who have nasal polyps, nasal obstruction, or sinusitis, especially patients over the age of 30. The treatments of coughs and colds, and common respiratory infections such as tuberculosis and bronchitis, in the elderly are also outlined. Antihistamines are not advised for elderly patients who have viral or bacterial infections of the nose or throat, and oral preparations containing nasal mucosal vasoconstrictors should also be avoided in managing the elderly patient who has hypertension, vascular disease, or prostatism. Cough suppressants must be used with care, especially if cough is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Special attention is given to the role of oxygen therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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PMID:Management of respiratory problems in the aged. 713 May 88

We have studied nine male patients (age 18 to 68 years) with radiographic and physiologic evidence of an abnormally small lung on one side (three right and six left). All had had a childhood pneumonia or bronchiolitis and eight had chronic or recurrent bronchitis and exertional dyspnea. Radiography showed two of the small lungs to be hypolucent while seven were hyperlucent. Bronchography revealed evidence of bilateral chronic bronchitis in all with saccular bronchiectasis in three. Angiography showed strikingly diminished vascularity to the smaller lung. Spirometry revealed airway obstruction in seven of the patients. All had pulmonary arterial hypertension. Radiospirometry showed that the small lung had on the average 30% of the total ventilation but only 15% of the perfusion. Washout of 133 Xe was extremely slow in radiolucent regions. We suggest the name "crippled lung" syndrome for this entity because it is purely descriptive and encompasses several clinical variants. It also avoids the pitfalls of etiologic implication (acquired-congenital). Clinical or subclinical bronchitis seems to be common in these patients and the prime goal in therapy must be to combat the tendency towards airway infection.
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PMID:Crippled lung: variations on a theme by Macleod. 720 92

The recent decline in stroke mortality, and its seasonal variation, have not been satisfactorily explained through any single factor. Nevertheless, several causes might operate through a single mechanism, namely salt loss variation. The increased use of diuretics could explain the trend, and physiological salt loss variations might explain the cycle. The associations between mortality and meteorological variables were therefore examined. The examination was negative in that temperature correlations were equally strong in winter and in summer, with no support for the hypothesis that temperature-dependent salt loss was a contributing cause. It was found in addition, unexpectedly, that stroke mortality showed strong correlations with atmospheric pollution levels, both in winter and in summer. These correlations were strengthened, rather than dissipated, by standardisation for season and for temperature. The pattern for stroke mortality differed, in these respects, from acute myocardial infarction. The pollution correlations of hypertension deaths were similar to those from stroke, and they were jointly more powerful than correlations with deaths from bronchitis.
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PMID:Meteorological associations of cerebrovascular disease mortality in England and Wales. 732 83

The present study describes changes during the period 1982 to 1992 in smoking prevalence, knowledge of the health consequences of smoking and analysis factors predicting quitting smoking among Danish adults. Data were collected by questionnaire in two independent cross-sectional studies in the western part of the County of Copenhagen. In 1982 the participation rate was 79% among 4807 randomly selected men and women aged 30, 40, 50 and 60 years. In 1992 it was 73% among 2226 randomly selected men and women of similar ages. Five years later 2987 of the participants from the study in 1982 were re-examined. From 1982 to 1992 the proportion of participants stating that smoking increases the risk of bronchitis, asthma, lung cancer, cancer of mouth and throat, thrombosis and hypertension increased. Knowledge was independent of smoking status. In 1982 men and women with a vocational education were more knowledgeable than those who were uneducated. This difference equalized in men during the study period. During the same period, the prevalence of smoking decreased from 62% to 52% in men and from 54% to 49% in women, but the declining prevalence was found in those with a vocational education only and an existing educational difference in smoking behaviours was enhanced. The decline in smoking in Denmark in the last decade has been associated with a narrowed gender difference and widened social difference. Knowledge of the health consequences of smoking has increased independently of these changes in smoking behaviour.
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PMID:Smoking behaviour in Danish adults from 1982 to 1992. 766 88

On the occasion of closing the research department of the Paracelsus Institute in the iodine salt spa, Bad Hall, the results of more than 30 years' research work in this institute are summarized. This work concerned the therapeutic effects of iodine on circulatory illnesses, especially hypertension, bronchitis and degenerative eye diseases. Controlled studies in patients showed significant cure effects of the iodine springs. Other studies demonstrated an influence of iodine on peripheral blood vessels, blood viscosity, connective tissue and vision and demonstrated the scavenger function of iodine, too. The different therapeutic forms of iodine administration (baths, sprays, iontophoresis, drinking cures) are described and the potential side effects of a cure in an iodine spa, notably temporary hypothyroidism, are mentioned.
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PMID:[Effect and effectiveness of iodine brine baths in a spa]. 802 20

A new approach to the treatment of chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases is proposed: helium-oxygen therapy combined with repeated interrupted hypoxic stimuli. Helium inclusion into hypoxic gas mixture leads to reduced air density. Gas mixture containing 10-15% of oxygen is more effective at the level of alveolocapillary membrane. When conducted in normal atmospheric pressure, the method involved no complications and produced positive responses in coronary heart disease, hypertension, alimentary diseases. The mixture of helium with oxygen (85-90% of helium, 10-15% oxygen) in combination with impulse normobaric hypoxia has been tried in 25 chronics with obstructive bronchitis and bronchial asthma. The results were indicative of the treatment efficacy: bronchial permeability improved in 67% of the cases, forced vital capacity of the lungs increased, inspiratory reserve volume grew, dyspnea and cough diminished, sputum discharge improved, general tonicity and performance status changed positively. Six-month follow-up evidenced positive shifts too.
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PMID:[Pulsed hypoxia in the treatment of obstructive lung diseases]. 805 97

In recent years health professionals have been concerned about the health of aborigines which has been neglected for a long time. Health disparities are known to exist among aborigines and non-aborigines in the United States or other countries. In Taiwan, there are nine main aboriginal tribes consisting of approximately 330,000 people. In general, their health status, evaluated by life expectancy, mortality rates and the prevalence and incidence of various diseases amongst them, is worse than amongst the rest of the Taiwanese (general) population. Current investigations indicate that life expectancy for aborigines is on average 10 years less than that of the general population; 12.5 years less for men, 6 years less for women; approaching a standardized mortality ratio of 2 fold, that is 2.1 fold in men, 1.7 fold in women. Accidental injures, suicide, tuberculosis, liver cirrhosis, alcoholism, pneumonia, bronchitis, parasite infections are the most important sources of diseases. Hypertension, heart disease, some selected sites of cancer, nutrition and lack of adaptation are gradually becoming important new sources of disorders. Although aboriginal health has improved over the decades, the author estimates that their overall health status is 25-30 years behind that of the general population or of off-shore islanders. The extent of their development varies with tribes. It is necessary to study the cause of why aborigines die so young. It may be due to insufficient medical care for heart disease whose prevalence is relatively low among aborigines but resultant mortality is nevertheless high. However, insufficient medical care cannot explain the high incidence of a number of cancers and resultant mortality. All factors relating to the environment, agents, hosts and diseases should be taken into consideration, such culture, transportation, life style, health behavior etc, and compared to those of non-aborigines. A series of studies are proposed to address the specific, multi-dimensional health demands of the aborigines. The author suggests the development of prevention and intervention strategies designed to overcome difficulties and barriers to eliminate these disparities among the people of Taiwan.
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PMID:[Issues on aboriginal health in Taiwan]. 808 70

541 workers with long-term history of occupational contact with antibiotics and chemicals were examined by a dermatologist, ENT specialist, neuropathologist, surgeon, ophthalmologist. Many workers complained of occasional skin eruption, rhinitis, skin itching, sneezing, cough, Quincke's edema. Allergic examination revealed the presence of allergic symptoms (allergic dermatitis, itch, vasomotor rhinitis, chronic eczema, obstructive bronchitis, bronchial asthma, Quincke's edema, acute and chronic conjunctivitis) in 98 examinees. Somatic affections are represented by hypertension, chronic hepatitis, ulcer.
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PMID:[The effect of antibiotics on the body of those working in their manufacture]. 877

The herb Scoparia dulcis L. is used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat bronchitis, gastric disorders, haemorrhoids, insect bites and skin wounds, and in oriental medicine to treat hypertension. A previous study has shown that extracts of S. dulcis have analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties; in this work the sympathomimetic activity of an ethanolic extract of Scoparia dulcis L. has been investigated in rodent preparations in-vivo and in-vitro. Administration of the extract (0.5-2 mg kg-1, i.v.) to anaesthetized rats produced dose-related hypertension blocked by the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin (1 mg kg-1). Partition of the extract in chloroform-water yielded an aqueous phase 20 times more potent than the extract; this produced hypertension in either reserpine-treated or pithed rats. In untreated and reserpine-treated rats the same fraction (1-3 x 10(3) micrograms mL-1) produced concentration-dependent contractions of the vas deferens musculature parallel to those obtained with noradrenaline (10(-8)-10(-4)M). Prazosin (10(-7)M) reduced the maximum contractile effect of the aqueous fraction, and shifted the concentration-response curves for noradrenaline to the right. The aqueous fraction (25 and 50 micrograms mL-1) increased the inotropism of electrically driven left atria of rats, the effect being blocked by propranolol (0.4 microgram mL-1). In preparations of guinea-pig tracheal rings the aqueous fraction (1-3 x 10(3) micrograms mL-1) relaxed the muscle contraction induced by histamine (10(-4) M) in proportion to the concentration. The effect was antagonized competitively by propranolol (1.5 microM). High-performance liquid-chromatographic analysis of the aqueous fraction revealed the presence of both noradrenaline and adrenaline in the plant extract. The results indicated that both catecholamines may account for the hypertensive and inotropic effects obtained after parenteral administration of S. dulcis extracts. This sympathomimetic activity is, however, unrelated to the previously reported analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the plant extract, but may explain its effectiveness upon topical application in the healing of mucosal and skin wounds.
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PMID:Sympathomimetic effects of Scoparia dulcis L. and catecholamines isolated from plant extracts. 883 98


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