Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypertension is the main side effect developing in patients suffering from renal anemia who are treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO). We investigated the effect of rhEPO on the vascular tone of rabbit aorta. rhEPO had no direct vasoconstrictor effect, but it enhanced norepinephrine (NE)-induced contractions of rabbit aortic rings. Relaxations to acetylcholine (ACh, 1 microM) were unaltered in the presence or absence of rhEPO, indicating that the endothelium-dependent NO pathway was not affected by rhEPO. In rings of human renal artery and rabbit aorta, rhEPO (200 U/ml) increased the synthesis of constrictor prostanoids. The cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin and aspirin abolished the increase in prostanoid production. However, they did not completely suppress the rhEPO-induced enhancement of NE contractions in rabbit aorta. We further investigated the effect of rhEPO on prostanoid and endothelin-1 synthesis in cultured human endothelial cells. Endothelial cells from human umbilical veins (HUVEC) were isolated and cultured. After incubation with rhEPO, the formation of prostaglandin (PG) I2 (analyzed as its stable metabolite 6-keto-PGF1 alpha), PGF2 alpha, PGE2, thromboxane (Tx) B2, and of endothelin-1 (ET-1) was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). rhEPO (200 U/ml) increased the formation of PGF2 alpha and TxB2 and decreased the formation of PGI2 in HUVEC. The release of ET-1 was increased by nearly 90% in the presence of rhEPO (200 U/ml). We conclude that a shift in the balance of constrictor and relaxing prostanoids as well as an increased synthesis of ET-1 may contribute to the hypertensive side effect of rhEPO therapy. ET-1 may at least in part be responsible for the unexpectedly low inhibitory effect of indomethacin on rhEPO-enhanced contractions of rabbit aorta.
 ...
PMID:Endothelin release and shift in prostaglandin balance are involved in the modulation of vascular tone by recombinant erythropoietin. 128 78

A case-control study was designed in order to identify risk factors associated with preterm labor. All cases fulfilling the criteria of eligibility as preterm labor and attending the Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital during the period from January 1991 to June 1991 were included in the study. In the meanwhile, all women delivering after the 37th week of gestation during that period and in the same hospital and matched according to age (+/- 5 years) were included as the control group. Two hundred and thirty four cases and 216 controls were included in the study. An interview was performed to fill an epidemiologic and clinical questionnaire. Results showed that the lower the socioeconomic standard, the more the risk for preterm labor (p < 0.05), smoking whether active or passive is associated with preterm labor (p < 0.001), threatened or induced abortion, unwanted pregnancy, psychological trauma and surgical intervention during current pregnancy are associated with preterm labor (p < 0.001). History of preterm labor is associated with the present condition (p < 0.001). Anemia, hypertension, body weight less than 70 kgm are associated with preterm labor (p < 0.001).
 ...
PMID:A study of the epidemiology of preterm labor. 129 66

The hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) are syndromes of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia dominated by renal failure in children and by neurological signs in adults. Microvascular thrombosis is the typical lesion and endothelial injury is likely the initial event. Over the last 40 years, the prognosis has significantly improved, probably as the result of better supportive management of anemia, renal failure, hypertension, and electrolyte and water imbalances, but still remains poor in adults with renal arteriolar thrombosis and neurological involvement. Many specific therapies have been used and, based on reports of a few cases, a consensus has been reached empirically that recognizes antiplatelet agents and plasma manipulation as the most appropriate therapy for adult HUS and TTP. Their effectiveness, however, still remains to be formally tested in prospective controlled trials. Recently, we saw a 23-year-old man with a history of recurrent episodes of HUS in childhood and of TTP since the age of 21. HUS always disappeared following blood transfusions, whereas prompt remissions of the episodes of TTP were obtained with plasma exchange. In order to avoid the use of plasma, alternate forms of therapy were tried. However, aspirin (50 mg/day), prednisone (1 mg/kg bw/d), and human immunoglobulins (0.5 mg/kg/d) were ineffective, and plasma exchange was needed to obtain remission. During two more recent relapses, fresh-frozen plasma was infused as the initial therapy and produced a complete remission within few days, thus preventing the need for plasma exchange. During the last relapse, plasma exchange with albumin and saline failed to induce remission and plasma infusion was required.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Plasma manipulation in hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 130 Aug 82

Human recombinant erythropoietin (r-HuEPO, EprexR) was administered to 8 children with chronic renal failure and high transfusion requirement. The hormone was given i.v. 2-3 times per week at the end of the dialysis. The selected initial dose (160 U/kg/week) was gradually raised up to a maximum of 400 U/kg/week. Anaemia normalised by the tenth week. The aimed target haematocrit was 0.33, the average maintenance dose was 250-300 U/kg/week. The absolute reticulocyte count seemed to be a more sensitive indicator of the actual erythropoietin effect than the haematocrit level. No major adverse effects (convulsion, progressive hypertension, thrombosis) were observed during treatment with r-HuEPO. The need for transfusions decreased dramatically, no transfusion was needed following the second week of treatment. The general condition improved substantially. In one hyperimmunized child the cytotoxic antibody titer decreased by 75 per cent.
 ...
PMID:The use of human recombinant erythropoietin in children on chronic dialysis. 130 91

Systemic hypertension as assessed by causal blood pressure measurements is a frequently reported side-effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) treatment. We investigated the effect of rHuEpo treatment on the 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate profiles of 13 chronic haemodialysis patients. After 3-4 months of rHuEpo therapy it was found that the mean haematocrit had increased from 24.5 +/- 1.0% to 32.0 +/- 1.1% (P less than 0.005), while body-weight and control of uraemia as assessed by routine laboratory data remained unchanged. Despite gradual and incomplete correction of anaemia by use of low doses of rHuEpo, increases in the ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure were found. The greatest increases affected day-time systolic blood pressure and night-time diastolic blood pressure, and these increases were significant (P less than 0.05). As a result, pulse pressure increased during day-time (P less than 0.05) while the night-time decline in diastolic blood pressure disappeared. An increase in peripheral resistance after partial correction of renal anaemia might explain these observations. rHuEpo therapy increased the percentage of abnormal ambulatory blood pressure measurements (defined as systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg) from 33% to 52% (P less than 0.05) while in contrast, mean casual prehaemodialytic and posthaemodialytic blood pressure values remained unchanged. We conclude that changes in 24-h blood pressure profiles should be carefully assessed by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in haemodialysis patients treated with rHuEpo, since these changes are likely to be missed when only causal blood pressures are measured.
 ...
PMID:Effect of recombinant human erythropoietin therapy on ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in chronic haemodialysis patients. 131 80

Diagnostic criteria of analgesic nephropathy with well-defined sensitivity and specificity are not available. During a 2-year period all new patients (n = 273) starting renal replacement therapy in 13 Belgian dialysis units were investigated aiming to select diagnostic criteria of analgesic nephropathy with acceptable performance. Using several interview techniques, a history of analgesic abuse was found in 31% of the patients. Analgesic abusers presenting a clear non-analgesic-related renal diagnosis were excluded from analysis (n = 25). Comparing the remaining abusers (n = 60) and patients without a history of analgesic abuse (n = 188) it was found that renal imaging investigations (sonography plus tomography), showing a decrease in length combined with bumpy contours of both kidneys, presented a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 95%. The additional finding of signs of renal papillary necrosis resulted in an overall sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 97%, giving a positive predictive value of 92%. Other signs frequently mentioned in the literature (hypertension, anaemia, sterile pyuria, bacteriuria, proteinuria) showed insufficient sensitivity and/or specificity to be of help for diagnosing analgesic nephropathy in end-stage renal failure (ESRF) patients starting renal replacement therapy.
 ...
PMID:Diagnostic criteria of analgesic nephropathy in patients with end-stage renal failure: results of the Belgian study. 132 Feb 26

The larger usage of inducing ovulation drugs in the last decade brought to more frequent multiple pregnancies. The authors describe triplet pregnancy after hetero-insemination and ovaries stimulation which ended the birth (by Cesarean section) of three alive and healthy babies. The triplet pregnancy is high-risky. More often hypertension anaemia and postpartum haemorrhage are met. The most important complication anyway is the preterm delivery which shows as a result unfavourable perinatal outcome. The question about the effectiveness of the prophylactic cerclage and the prophylactic tocolysis is discussed. The general opinion is that there is a higher rate perinatal death for the second and the third fetus.
 ...
PMID:[A triple pregnancy following heterologous insemination and ovarian stimulation with a favorable outcome]. 134 50

Rapid economic development resulted in urbanization of Korea, since 1960s. Seoul is the center of politics, finance, education and culture of Korea. Mostly young people have migrated to large cities, such as Seoul and Pusan. For instance, the population in Seoul city was 2.5 million in 1960 but increased to 10 million in 1990. Presently, total population of Seoul and Pusan, second largest city, composed of approximately 50% of whole national population. The economic distribution among urban people became extremely uneven creating a large gap between low and high income group. As a consequence, both under and over nutritional problems coexist. According to the national nutrition survey data, animal food, such as meat, fish and dairy products have been consumed about 6 times more, and cereal consumption was far less in higher income group. In terms of nutrients intake, 28% of total caloric intake comes from lipids and 15-17% of total caloric intake from protein. This was found in higher income group, while low income group consumed more than 80% of total caloric intake from carbohydrate. The trends of major causes of death in Korea have changed. The degenerative diseases, cerebral disorder, high blood pressure became leading cause of death in recent years. Malignant neoplasm and diabetes followed second leading cause of death in Korea. Undernutrition and nutritional insufficiencies, anemia and low growth rate continue to exist among low income group. According to the annual death rate by age group, the age between 34-54 was the highest in the world.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Urban nutritional problems of Korea. 134 61

It has been 6 years since the first reports of the use of recombinant human erythropoietin for the treatment of renal anemia appeared in the medical literature. During this period, erythropoietin has become established as a safe and highly effective therapy, and it is currently being evaluated for other nonrenal types of anemia. The initial clinical trials were in hemodialysis patients, followed by patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, and its use in predialysis and renal transplant patients is increasing. Various treatment schedules have been tried and compared; there are now reports of dosage frequencies varying from once daily to once weekly. Information has accumulated on the secondary effects of correction of renal anemia, particularly in relation to quality of life, exercise capacity, and cardiac function. Large multicenter trials have documented the safety profile of erythropoietin, whereas smaller studies have sought to elucidate the pathophysiology of its side effects, eg, hypertension and thrombotic events. This article reviews the latest developments in the use of erythropoietin in renal failure, concentrating particularly on those that have been published within the past year. Although there have been exciting advances in our understanding of the physiology and molecular biology of erythropoietin, these are amply described elsewhere and are beyond the scope of the present review.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of renal anemia with recombinant human erythropoietin. 134 20

Coronary artery disease accompanied by symptomatic and asymptomatic myocardial ischemia is a common entity in older patients. The pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia is related to an imbalance in myocardial demand and coronary perfusion. Treatment strategies for symptomatic myocardial ischemia include correction of aggravating medical conditions (eg, anemia or hypertension) and the use of nitrates, beta-adrenergic blockers, salicylates, and calcium-entry blockers, alone or in combination. Silent myocardial ischemia is also a prevalent condition in older individuals, with and without angina pectoris. Treatment regimens are similar to those used in symptomatic patients.
 ...
PMID:Angina pectoris and silent ischemia in the elderly: a management update. 135 66


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>