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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The atoll community of Fenuafala was surveyed during July-August, 1987. A disproportionate demographic structure was found: There was a large, young population with an uneven sex distribution in the adolescent cohorts. Adoption of relatives was frequent. Employment varied according to sex, with women restricted from horticulture, fisheries, and hard labour. The use of alcohol and tobacco was common. Causes of mortality included cancer, heart failure, meningitis, alcoholism, and accidents. Bacterial and fungal skin infections were prevalent. There were several cases of congenital disorders. Malaria, leprosy, and most other tropical diseases were absent. However, there was a single case of filariasis. Musculoskeletal disorders were numerous and more common among women. Falls from trees have resulted in serious sequelae including epilepsy and death. Hypertension, diabetes, and gout appear to be on the increase, but angina and myocardial infarction were not reported. There were also cases of epilepsy and Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:Fenuafala health survey: the ecology of health and disease on a coral atoll village. 280 43

The development of a novel model of human alcoholism has involved the presentation of a 30% alcohol solution to Sprague-Dawley rats via a syringe-feeding needle apparatus. With twice daily intermittent drinking, rats consumed an equivalent of 7-8 g/kg body weight of alcohol, which represented 25% of total daily caloric intake. Alcohol was absorbed rapidly, as significant circulating concentrations were observed within 15 min of gavage, eventually peaking at approximately 200 mg% 1 h later. Hemodynamic recordings in the conscious state after a 10-week drinking program indicated a normotensive blood pressure at peak blood alcohol levels, yet a hypertensive response 24 h after the final drink at a time when blood alcohol was not detected. Alcoholic rats continued to gain weight in parallel with controls fed ad libitum throughout the study, and changes in cardiac size and indices of contractility were not affected by 10 weeks of intermittent drinking. Additionally, no histological evidence of cardiac muscle damage was observed in alcoholic animals. Our animal model closely resembles the clinical situation in terms of the pattern of alcohol consumption, circulating concentrations of alcohol and the percentage of caloric intake in the form of alcohol. The hemodynamic changes observed support the hypothesis that alcoholic hypertension may be a manifestation of withdrawal, as opposed to any direct pressor effect of alcohol itself.
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PMID:Cardiovascular effects of intermittent drinking: assessment of a novel animal model of human alcoholism. 280 92

Alcoholism is one of the largest public health problems of the nation and is a significant cofactor in such ubiquitous diseases as hypertension, developmental abnormalities, heart failure, liver failure, and many other conditions. The cost to the nation's health is immense. One strategy for reducing morbidity and cost has been to establish methods for screening in order to increase recognition rates leading to increased rates of therapeutic intervention. In this article, the rationale for two methods of alcohol screening, brief interviews and biological markers of excessive drinking, the relevant statistical issues bearing on this problem, and the current research on screening exams are reviewed and summarized. Finally, some of the newer approaches toward alcoholism screening as well as the consequences to the medical care system should alcohol screening eventuate on a large scale are briefly described.
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PMID:Screening for alcoholism. 290 31

The article presents the case history of a 28 year-old male with alcohol-induced hypertension and extreme hypercholesterolemia (36 mmol/l) and hypertriglyceridemia (76 mmol/l). Blood pressure and blood lipids were completely normalized after a few months withdrawal from alcohol. Alcoholism is emphasized as a possible differential diagnosis for both hypertension and hyperlipemias. The upper referential value for alcoholic hyperlipemia should probably be adjusted in accordance with the values observed in the present case.
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PMID:[Alcohol-induced hyperlipemia. Hypertension and extreme hypercholesterolemia/hypertriglyceridemia in a patient with hidden alcohol abuse]. 291 78

Ketanserin is a pure antagonist of serotonin S2-receptors, in blood vessels, platelets and bronchial tissue. Ketanserin has been suggested as hypotensive drug in man, but it shows as well a specific activity on platelet aggregation. An increased incidence of hypertension, of unknown origin, has been found in patients with chronic alcoholism: hypotheses have been made upon an increased incretion of catecholamines and a greater sensitivity of blood vessels' receptors to their action. The data from the present study of eleven patients show that these subjects had an increased platelet activity and ketanserin administration was effective in allowing both the blood pressure levels and platelet activity to resume their normal range. This drug is thus suggested, for its pharmacological properties, as an elective medication for hypertensive patients with chronic alcoholism.
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PMID:Ketanserin (S2-receptor blocking agents), hypertension and chronic alcoholism. 293 47

Recent studies of vegetarian diets and their effects on morbidity and mortality are reviewed. Vegetarian diets are heterogeneous as are their effects on nutritional status, health, and longevity. Mortality rates are similar or lower for vegetarians than for nonvegetarians. Risks of dietary deficiency disease are increased on vegan but not on all vegetarian diets. Evidence for decreased risks for certain chronic degenerative diseases varies. Both vegetarian dietary and lifestyle practices are involved. Data are strong that vegetarians are at lesser risk for obesity, atonic constipation, lung cancer, and alcoholism. Evidence is good that risks for hypertension, coronary artery disease, type II diabetes, and gallstones are lower. Data are only fair to poor that risks of breast cancer, diverticular disease of the colon, colonic cancer, calcium kidney stones, osteoporosis, dental erosion, and dental caries are lower among vegetarians. Reduced risks for chronic degenerative diseases can also be achieved by manipulations of omnivorous diets and lifestyles.
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PMID:Health aspects of vegetarian diets. 304 2

In a randomized double-blind trial involving 40 alcoholic hypertensive patients, the antihypertensive activity of ketanserin, a serotonin antagonist with high affinity for S2 serotonergic receptors, was compared with a placebo. Patients in both groups were matched for age, body weight, blood pressure, alcoholic consumption, and length of alcoholism. The administration of ketanserin significantly reduced (p less than 0.001) mean supine blood pressure from 167/106 mmHg (22.3/14.1 kPa) at baseline to 145/87 mmHg (19.3/11.6 kPa) after 90 days of treatment versus a slight non-significant reduction with the placebo. No significant changes in heart rate, body weight, or laboratory parameters occurred. The incidence of side-effects was low in both groups. The results of this study suggest the possible role of serotonin in the pathogenesis of alcohol-related hypertension and the potential treatment of the disease using S2-receptor antagonists such as ketanserin.
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PMID:Ketanserin, hypertension, and chronic alcoholism: double-blind study in forty patients. 306 59

Previous reports have described 5-20% prevalence of hyponatremia in extended care facilities, due largely to drugs or inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. In our 400 bed VA extended care facility, 15 men with organic brain syndrome (Alzheimer's, multi-infarct dementia, anoxic encephalopathy or alcoholism) currently receive Isocal via gastrostomy as the sole source of nutrition. We noted intermittent hyponatremia in about half of these patients, and conducted a chart review to investigate the cause. Mean age was 68 yr (range 46-92); tube feeding duration was 3 mo.-3 yr; 266 Na concentrations were obtained from the charts. Simultaneous with these Na analyses, one of three diets prevailed: (A) mixed foods (3-6 g Na/day) orally before gastrostomy; (B) Isocal supplemented with NaCl to give 2 g Na/day; (C) unsupplemented Isocal providing 1 g Na/day. (B) and (C) had been randomly varied by rotating physicians. Serum Na was directly related to Na intake. On (A), Na was within normal range (135-145 mEq/l) in all men. One patient was hyponatremic during diet (B). During (C), eight patients were hyponatremic. Na was less than 135 mEq/l in 40% of all samples during diet (C) and less than 130 mEq/l in 14%. Changing from diet (A) or (B) to diet (C) caused nearly equivalent declines in Na and Cl; K and HCO-3 were unaffected. No hyponatremic patient took drugs known to cause hyponatremia, or had congestive heart failure, hypoalbuminemia, lipemia or fasting hyperglycemia. At the end of the study, four hyponatremic men were changed from (C) to (B); serum Na became normal in all four patients, without edema or hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hyponatremia in tube-fed elderly men. 308 Apr 61

A defined general population of 159,200 male and female native Swedes born in the period of 1911-1940, from an urban catchment area of the then only general hospital, was followed over a decade (1970-1979) with regard to inpatient hospitalization for all kinds of diagnoses. Psoriasis cases (n = 372) are significantly (p less than 0.001) associated with a spectrum of diseases: male as well as female psoriatics seem to show excess rates of viral infections, alcoholism, hypertension, pneumonia, liver cirrhosis, urticaria, and rheumatoid arthritis. Psoriasis in males only seem to be associated with iritis and ankylosing spondylitis, whereas psoriasis in females only is associated with lung cancer, diabetes, obesity, myocardial infarction and asthma.
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PMID:Diseases associated with psoriasis in a general population of 159,200 middle-aged, urban, native Swedes. 308 49

The results of a cross-sectional study were analysed in order to assess the therapeutic control of hypertension in relation to alcohol consumption. 6,665 subjects, employed in small and medium-sized companies of the Paris region were examined in a cross sectionnal study. Among the 1,008 hypertensive subjects, awareness of hypertension decreased with increasing alcohol consumption, from 72% among the 304 non-drinkers to 59% among the 201 heavy drinkers (six glasses/day and more) (p less than 0.05). Similarly, the percentage of subjects under current antihypertensive medication on the day of examination was lower in heavy drinkers, 19%, than among tetotalers, 42% (p less than 0.001). An antihypertensive treatment had been prescribed to 510 subjects. Among them, compliance, as stated by the interview, decreased with increasing alcohol consumption, from 70% to 34% (p less than 0.001). Using a logistic regression, the adjusted relative risk of non-compliance among heavy drinkers (6 glasses/day or more) was found to be 1.9. Among the 344 subjects under antihypertensive treatment on the day of examination, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher among heavy drinkers, 167/102 mmHg, than among teetotallers, 154/95 mmHg (p less than 0.01 both). The relative hypertension awareness, treatment and control status was thus poorer among, moderate and heavy drinkers than among the light and non-drinkers (table I). (Table: see text). The importance of the problem of alcoholism is thus emphasized, in both the fields of hypertension prevalence and control.
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PMID:[Alcohol consumption and treatment of hypertension. Results of an occupational medicine survey]. 309 16


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