Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intrauterine (PGF) prostaglandin F2alpha (5 mg) was administered for termination of early pregnancy in 14 healthy volunteers. With 11 complete abortions, the efficiency rate of this technique is below conventional methods. In addition, the incidence of infection was high, occurring in 12 out of 14 subjects. Because of persistent bleeding, 6 patients underwent a dilatation and curettage. Other significant side effects included transient hypertension, pain, nausea, and restlessness. In the patients with a complete abortion, the mean plasma progesterone concentration fell 37% after 8 hours post-PGF2alpha instillation and 90% 14 days later. The mean plasma estradiol-17beta fell 26% over the initial 8 hour period and 75% over the next 14 days.
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PMID:Intrauterine instillation of prostaglandin F2ALPHA IN EARLY PREGNANCY. 116 90

Smoking is associated with decreased fertility in both males and females, an increased abortion rate, lowered birth weight, an increased still birth rate and probably an increased neonatal death rate. There is also a reduced incidence of maternal hypertension (although the babies are at even greater risk), an increased incidence of ante-partum haemorrhage, impaired brain development and possible teratogenic effects. These effects can be reversed if the mother gives up smoking in pregnancy.
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PMID:Smoking and pregnancy. 121 83

A retrospective study of 1989 records of 10,594 pregnant women registered at 47 primary health care (PHC) centers in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia, aimed to evaluate the performance of their prenatal care services and to gather baseline data to conduct future evaluations. These women represented 58% of pregnant women in Al-Hassa in 1989. The other pregnant women may have received prenatal care at medical facilities of the Arabian American Oil Company (ARAMCO), the National Guard, or the private sector. 53.1% of the registered women had made more than 5 prenatal care visits. 66.7% and 40.3% of all registered women received the first and second dose of tetanus toxoid, respectively. PHC center staff identified 46.2% of women as having high-risk pregnancies, but they only referred 17.5% of these women to King Fahad Hofuf Hospital for obstetric consultation. However, at least 6 major PHC centers had an obstetrician on staff. Causes in reproductive history were responsible for classifying 67.4% of the high-risk pregnancies. These causes included grandmultiparity (65%), abortion (12%; 8.3% - 2 abortions), previous Cesarean section (5.8%), RH negative (4.8%), young primipara (4.5%), and other causes, including history of preeclampsia, neonatal death, congenital anomalies, and low birth weight. Associated medical conditions made up the next highest class of high-risk pregnancies (25.4%). These conditions were sickle cell anemia (69.7%), diabetes (17.1%), hypertension (10.4%), and other causes (e.g., chronic bronchitis). Causes in current pregnancy comprised 7.2% of high-risk pregnancies and included non-sickle cell anemia (34.6%), bleeding (12%), malpresentation (17%), twins (14%), urinary tract infection (7%), and other causes (e.g., ectopic pregnancy). 67.7% of women with high-risk pregnancies delivered at King Fahad Hofuf Hospital, 28.8% at PHC centers, 7.1% at medical services of ARAMCO, and 2.4% outside of Al-Hassa area. 94% and 0.8% of high-risk pregnancy cases had unassisted and assisted vaginal births, respectively. The remaining cases delivered by Cesarean section.
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PMID:Prenatal care in primary health care centers of Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. 129 49

A case-control study was designed in order to identify risk factors associated with preterm labor. All cases fulfilling the criteria of eligibility as preterm labor and attending the Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital during the period from January 1991 to June 1991 were included in the study. In the meanwhile, all women delivering after the 37th week of gestation during that period and in the same hospital and matched according to age (+/- 5 years) were included as the control group. Two hundred and thirty four cases and 216 controls were included in the study. An interview was performed to fill an epidemiologic and clinical questionnaire. Results showed that the lower the socioeconomic standard, the more the risk for preterm labor (p < 0.05), smoking whether active or passive is associated with preterm labor (p < 0.001), threatened or induced abortion, unwanted pregnancy, psychological trauma and surgical intervention during current pregnancy are associated with preterm labor (p < 0.001). History of preterm labor is associated with the present condition (p < 0.001). Anemia, hypertension, body weight less than 70 kgm are associated with preterm labor (p < 0.001).
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PMID:A study of the epidemiology of preterm labor. 129 66

We present a study of fibrinogen levels in 133 patients who were prone to develop disseminated intravascular coagulation as a result of an underlying complication of pregnancy such as abruptio placentae, pregnancy-induced hypertension, missed abortion, septic abortion, intrauterine fetal death, vesicular mole and amniotic fluid embolism. A high incidence of hypofibrinogenemia was found in cases of abruptio placentae (43.9%) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (25%). Hypofibrinogenemia occurred in 10% cases of intrauterine fetal death within 4 weeks of fetal demise. The use of this simple investigation makes possible the diagnosis of hemostatic failure and also helps to guide replacement therapy during the fibrinopenic state. There were 4 maternal deaths and 12 perinatal losses in this study.
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PMID:Relevance of plasma fibrinogen estimation in obstetric complications. 130 90

The methods used presently for abortion of the attacks of migraine and cluster headache are not fully satisfactory which causes that the search for new therapies is continuing. Although the mechanism of migraine attacks remains unexplained, it is thought that an important role in it is played by serotonin receptors, vasodilation in certain regions and opening of arteriovenous communications in the head. Sumatriptan is an agonist of 5-HT1 -like receptors and exerts a selective vasoconstricting effect on the arteries of the head, particularly in the rami of the carotid artery. In 1988 the first reports appeared on the effectiveness of the drug in migraine attacks. In the following years extensive, multicentre and international studies of the drug were carried out on over 600 healthy volunteers and nearly 6000 patients with migraine. The studies demonstrated that Sumatriptan was effective in abortion of migraine attacks. After oral administration of 100 mg or subcutaneous injection of 6 mg in nearly 70% of cases the attack regressed or was greatly alleviated, similarly as other symptoms accompanying the headache such as photophobia, nausea, vomiting. Studies were undertaken also on the effectiveness of Sumatriptan in emergency treatment of cluster headache, and good results were again achieved. The tolerance of the drug is good, although in some cases side effects develop, usually transient and mild, among them tingling, feeling of pressure, heat or heaviness of the head or chest, taste change and burning sensation at the site of injection. Sumatriptan, similarly as all novel drugs, requires caution in its use, particularly in patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension, and also in old patients. As yet, the use of the drug in paediatric migraine or in pregnancy is not recommended.
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PMID:[Sumatriptan and its use in treatment of migraine and cluster headaches]. 133 66

In order to evaluate the level of maternal mortality at Conakry, capital of Guinea (West Africa), a descriptive epidemiological study was made of all maternal deaths occurring between July 1st, 1989 and June 30th, 1990. To ensure that cases of maternal death were recorded as exhaustively as possible, we conducted this study over 1 year in municipal and hospital maternity units, and 3 months in the urban community. One hundred thirty-nine maternal deaths were registered, representing an annual maternal mortality rate of 559/100,000 live births. The main causes of maternal death were abortion, complications linked with hypertension, and postpartum bleeding.
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PMID:Level and causes of maternal mortality in Guinea (West Africa). 134 7

A case-control study on preterm delivery was conducted in Jianan and Jianhan District, Wuhan City in 1988. 130 singleton preterm infants were included with 260 term infants as control. The results showed that the risk factors in prematurity were edema-proteinuria-hypertension syndrome (OR 1.8), maternal diseases in pregnancy (OR 1.6), hyperemesis gravidarum (OR 5.1), vaginal bleeding during pregnancy (OR 2.4), premature rupture of membranes (OR 3.6), low weight gain and low average weight gain per week during pregnancy, psychosocial stress during pregnancy, inadequate prenatal care, maternal stature less than 158 cm (OR 1.7), menarche before age 12 (OR 4.3), multi-gravida (OR 2.1), previous induced abortion (OR 2.1) and passive cigarette smoking during pregnancy. The author suggests that early treatment of complications of pregnancy and forcing prenatal care should be emphasized in order to reduce the incidence of preterm births.
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PMID:[Preterm delivery and its risk factors]. 150 73

A case-control study was conducted 1) to determine whether maternal prenatal drug consumption increases the risk of neuroblastoma in the child and, if so, 2) to see if the size of the risk depends on whether the case is inherited or sporadic. Mothers of children with newly diagnosed neuroblastoma (n = 101) were compared with mothers of children newly diagnosed with other forms of childhood cancer (n = 690). Cases and controls were selected from the population of childhood cancer patients at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, between 1979 and 1986. The patients' mothers were interviewed to ascertain their prenatal medication, alcohol, and tobacco consumption patterns. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to adjust for maternal age at birth, patient age at diagnosis, race, social class, exposure to x-ray, miscarriage, and other confounding variables. Adjusted odds ratios were estimated for the total sample and for subgroups that had a higher probability of containing inherited cases. Drugs associated with neuroblastoma case status include diuretics for hypertension (odds ratio (OR) = 4.1, 95 percent confidence interval (CI) 1.0-16.9), tranquilizers (OR = 2.1, 95 percent CI 1.1-4.3), nonprescription pain relievers (OR = 1.9, 95 percent CI 1.1-3.1), and cigarettes (OR = 1.9, 95 percent CI 1.1-3.2). The odds ratios for maternal prenatal drug consumption for the group with inherited cases and the total sample were approximately the same. This equality is inconsistent with predictors based on Knudson's two-stage model of carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Influence of the mother's prenatal drug consumption on risk of neuroblastoma in the child. 151 82

Prenatal cocaine use has become an increasingly important public health problem in the last decade. Interpretation of epidemiologic studies designed to assess the association between cocaine use and adverse pregnancy outcomes is limited by inaccurate measurement of cocaine use, misclassification of users as non-users, confounding by socioeconomic factors, and reporting bias. Studies have consistently documented placental abruption as a maternal reproductive risk associated with cocaine use. Although suggested, less evidence is available to link cocaine use with premature rupture of membranes, spontaneous abortion, pregnancy-induced hypertension, precipitate delivery, or fetal death. Infant outcomes consistently associated with prenatal cocaine use include decreased birth weight, prematurity, and decreased fetal growth. Data on the relationship between prenatal cocaine use and congenital anomalies are limited, but one large retrospective study has documented an association between maternal cocaine use and congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract. Evidence linking prenatal cocaine use and an increased incidence of perinatal cerebral infarction or sudden infant death syndrome is lacking. Future studies should focus on the effect of maternal cocaine use on pregnancy outcome in diverse socioeconomic groups, longitudinal follow-up of exposed children, and the relationship between cocaine use and maternal behaviors that may affect access to prenatal care.
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PMID:Risks associated with cocaine use during pregnancy. 156 65


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