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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The posttransplant courses of 27 chronic dialysis patients with 29 grafts who had undergone pretransplant bilateral nephrectomy were compared to those of 49 patients with 55 transplant who had no pretransplant surgery during the same time period. The latter had better survival and fewer rejection episodes (P less than .05). The six patients who died of bacterial sepsis after transplantation all had pretransplant surgery. The frequency of post transplant hypertension was similar in both groups. Apparently, pretransplant bilateral nephrectomy offers no advantage to the patient awaiting an allograft.
JAMA 1976 Apr 19
PMID:Cost-benefit ratio of pretransplant bilateral nephrectomy. 81 75

Many problems remain in attempting to improve the detection and management of hypertension in the United States. This study applied a previously established model community hypertension program to a wide geographic area in a rural state. In 47 industries in 18 communities, 15,689 subjects were screened for the presence of hypertension. Eight hundred five subjects were found to have an elevated blood pressure on three separate occasions and were classified for further management. Follow-up showed that 76% visited their physicians within six months, and of these 81% were being observed. Sixty-seven percent of the subjects who saw their physicians were receiving antihypertensive drug therapy. The cost of finding each subject with an elevated blood pressure was $80 and of identifying a subject who received drug therapy, $160.
JAMA 1976 Apr 05
PMID:Industrial hypertension control program in a rural state. 94 45

During 1973 through 1975, more than 1 million persons were screened in the nationwide Community Hypertension Evaluation Clinic (CHEC) program at 1,171 sites. While those screened were not from defined populations, findings paralleled those of recent surveys of US population samples. First, CHEC confirmed the scope of the problem of elevated blood pressure in the United States. Of those screened, 247 of 1,000 had a diastolic reading of 90 mm Hg or higher; 116 of 1,000 had a reading of 95 mm Hg or greater. Prevalence of elevated blood pressure rose with age up to age 50 years, was higher in blacks than in whites, and was higher in men than in women. Second, CHEC data confirmed the challenge of undetected, untreated, and uncontrolled hypertension. Previously undetected hypertension was present in 27.7% of hypertensive people, detected but untreated in 10.7%, and treated but uncontrolled in 16.7%--totaling 55.1%.
JAMA 1976 May 24
PMID:Hypertension screening of 1 million Americans. Community Hypertension Evaluation Clinic (CHEC) program, 1973 through 1975. 94 22

Surveys of patients at three pediatric teaching hospitals showed a low percentage of blood pressure recordings by the examining physician in the walk-in or emergency clinics. The frequency of blood pressure measurement was higher among inpatients, especially on medical services. A recommendation for obtaining blood pressure measurements is made on three bases: 1. many patients use these ambulatory services as their major source of care, 2. many conditions for which care is sought and many therapeutic agents are associated with hypertension, and 3. unless measurements of blood pressure become customary during training, it is likely that blood pressure recording may not be included as part of routine physical examinations.
JAMA 1976 May 24
PMID:Awareness of pediatric hypertension. Measuring blood pressure. 94 25

Five hypertensive patients with acute myocardial infarction and persistent postinfarction hypertension who experienced severe and recurrent resting chest pain, ST elevations, and severe ventricular arrhythmias refractory to conventional treatment with bed rest, sedation, oxygen inhalation, nitrates, and antiarrhythmic agents received sodium nitroprusside by continuous intravenous infusion, titrated to reduce systolic blood pressure to 100 to 110 mm Hg. Treatment resulted in noticeable improvement in symptoms, reduction in ST elevations, and abolition of ventricular arrhythmias in all five patients. In four patients, cessation of nitroprusside infusion after 48 hours resulted in prompt recurrence of hypertension, chest pain, ST-segment elevations, and ventricular arrhythmias. These were all rapidly reversed following reinstitution of the nitroprusside therapy for seven to eight days, strongly suggesting a cause-and-effect relationship. Nitroprusside infusion in these patients suggests a potentially important use for such therapy in this clinical setting.
JAMA 1976 May 31
PMID:Nitroprusside therapy. Treatment of hypertensive patients with recurrent resting chest pain, ST-segment elevation, and ventricular arrhythmias. 94 46

This prospective analysis of 79 patients with transient carotid ischemic attacks (TIAs) showed that only 15% of them subsequently had strokes causing serious disability or death. They were followed up from one to nine years. All had arteriography during initial evaluation. Most of the patients who suffered strokes had at least one additional risk factor for stroke, such as hypertension or a cardiac problem. Today it is probably impossible to collect data on the natural history of untreated TIAs, inasmuch as virtually all patients are receiving either specific medical or surgical therapy.
JAMA 1976 Jun 14
PMID:Joint study of extracranial arterial occlusion. IX. Transient ischemic attacks in the carotid territory. 94 65

Three patients with severe hypertension and rapidly progressive oliguric renal failure who required dialysis were found by aortography to have bilateral renal artery occlusion or stenosis. Each had peripheral arteriosclerosis or an abdominal bruit. Following renal artery reconstructive surgery, all three patients recovered nearly normal renal function in 3 to 12 weeks, though mild hypertension persisted in two patients. The common findings of a normal-sized kidney with collateral blood flow and nearly normal histological features were predictive of recovery of renal function. Prolonged postoperative oliguria in two patients may have been due to increased preglomerular vascular resistance mediated by the renin-angiotensin system.
JAMA 1976 Jun 28
PMID:Reversible renal failure following bilateral renal artery occlusive disease. Clinical features, pathology, and the role of surgical revascularization. 94 90

The population of a community of 29,608 adults was screened door-to-door for elevated blood pressure. Of 12,371 adults screened, 20% were classified as hypertensive. After repeated blood-pressure measurement, however, there were only 9% with sustained hypertension, while 11% had labile hypertension. Sixty percent of the cases of sustained hypertension had been either undiagnosed, untreated, or inadequately treated. Eighty-two percent who initially were unaware of hypertension had labile hypertension after repeated blood-pressure measurement, and 18% were unaware of having, sustained hypertension. Labile hypertension was most prevalent in the young and decreased with age. In contrast, sustained hypertension was least prevalent in the young and increased with age. Labile hypertension was most prevalent in white men, and sustained hypertension was more prevalent in blacks than in whites. Labile hypertension represents a large segment (52%) of the population initially identified as having hypertension in a home blood-pressure survey.
JAMA 1976 Aug 16
PMID:The Charlottesville Blood-Pressure Survey. Value of repeated blood-pressure measurements. 94 65

A woman with a benign tumor of the left adrenal cortex had a six-year history of hypertension. Serum potassium level and plasma renin activity were low. Plasma aldosterone and cortisol levels were low normal, and plasma desoxycorticosterone (DOC) level was extremely high. Iodine 131-labeled cholesterol accumulated in the tumor in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. At laparotomy, a benign adrenal tumor was excised; thereafter, the blood pressure and plasma DOC levels returned to normal. We believe that this is the first case of a benign DOC-producing adrenal tumor.
JAMA 1976 Aug 30
PMID:Benign desoxycorticosterone-producing adrenal tumor. 98 80

The blood pressure response to operative treatment in 502 patients with renal artery stenosis and coexisting hypertension was as follows: 51% cured, 15% improved, and 34% failure. The operative mortality was 5.9%. Patients with unilateral fibromuscular disease had a favorable blood pressure response (79.8%) more frequently than the patients with unilateral atherosclerosis (63.4%). In patients with bilateral stenosis, a favorable result occurred in 56%. The anatomic failure rate due to thrombosis of arterial reconstructions, as well as the operative mortality, varied considerably between institutions. If preoperative diagnostic studies demonstrated significant functional disparity between kidneys, and if the operation was anatomically successful, then approximately 80% of these patients were benefited by surgical intervention.
JAMA 1975 Mar 10
PMID:Renovascular occlusive disease. Results of operative treatment. 117 91


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