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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Circulating antibodies against certain nuclear acidic protein antigens have been shown to have diagnostic and prognostic importance in connective tissue disease. We describe a new precipitin system found in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The antigen, called MA, was prepared from calf thymus nuclei, and was shown to be distinct from other nuclear acidic protein antigens by physicochemical and immunologic techniques. MA antibodies were detected in the serum of 12 of 66 lupus patients and in none of 554 sera from normal controls or patients with other rheumatic diseases. Lupus patients having MA antibodies had more severe disease than did lupus patients with Sm or native DNA antibodies, manifested by recalcitrant skin rashes and a significantly greater incidence of hypocomplementemia, serious renal disease, hypertension, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and neurological disease (P values range from 0.025 to 0.005). The presence of circulating MA antigen was demonstrated in three lupus patients immediately before a flare of nephritis. These data suggest that MA is a nuclear acidic protein antigen that may identify a subset of lupus patients with very severe disease. The presence of the antigen in the circulation before clinical flares suggests a possible biologic role for the MA system in an immune complex nephritis.
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PMID:Characterization of a distinct nuclear acidic protein antigen (MA) and clinical findings in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with MA antibodies. 8 19

The degree of round cell infiltration around hypertensively damaged heart arteries in one kidney Goldblatt hypertensive mice is more pronounced in haired mice with normal thymus function than in their nude littermates with genetic aplasia of the thymus. The level of hypertension and the prognoses for the hypertensive mice are, however, not influenced by the presence of thymus and thymus derived T cells. The results give evidence that delayed type immune reactions are involved in the hypertensive vascular disease in mice, but fail to support the assumption that they have pathogenic importance for either the level of hypertension or the prognoses of the one kidney Goldblatt hypertensive mice.
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PMID:Studies elucidating the importance of thymus on the degree of increased blood pressure and vascular disease in renal hypertensive mice. A comparison of the disease in nude and haired littermates. 12 33

Bilateral compression of the adrenal glands combined in mononephrectomy and followed by the imposition of a high NaC1 intake resulted in severe hypertension in all rats so treated. It was accompanied by enlargement of the heart, kidneys, and adrenal glands, atrophy of the thymus, and the occurrence of severe nephrosclerosis. Digitoxin treatment delayed the onset, reduced the incidence, and ameliorated the magnitude of the hypertensive response in such animals; it also reduced the degree of cardiac hypertrophy and the severity of nephrosclerosis and completely prevented enlargement of the adrenals and kidneys and atrophy of the thymus.
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PMID:Protective effect of digitoxin in adrenal-compression hypertension. 13 68

Young, unilaterally nephrectomized, female Sprague-Dawley rats were given daily sc injections of 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone acetate (19-nor-DOCA) in oil at a dosage of 100 micrograms/day for 21 days and twice that amount for a further 11 days. One group drank distilled water and another drank 1% NaCl solution. Comparable control groups received oil injections. Another group received DOCA at the same steroid dosage and drank saline. Both 19-nor-DOCA-treated groups rapidly became hypertensive and developed cardiac hypertrophy, as did those given DOCA and saline. Saline consumption was greater in rats receiving 19-nor-DOCA, than in those given DOCA. Rats injected with 19-nor-DOCA and given water to drink showed enhanced growth and developed thymus enlargement and displayed hypokalemia and a reduction in both serum renin activity and corticosterone concentration. Plasma sodium concentration was not affected by any form of treatment. Clearly, 19-nor-DOCA is a potent mineralocorticoid and hypertensogenic agent. Since the parent steroid is known to be present abundantly in the urine of rats with regenerating adrenal glands, although circulating amounts have not yet been ascertained in that circumstance, it may be etiologically involved in adrenal regeneration hypertension, which such rats are prone to develop.
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PMID:Influence of 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone on blood pressure, saline consumption, and serum electrolytes, corticosterone, and renin activity. 15 70

Partial infarction of one kidney and contralateral nephrectomy was followed by a similar initial increase in blood pressure in athymic (nude) and normal mice of the C57/BL/6J strain. The chronic phase of the hypertension was, however, thymus dependent, since the athymic mice failed to maintain an increased blood pressure, in contrast to the normal mice. A response of thymus transplantation in athymic mice was the ability to maintain the blood pressure high in the chronic phase of the hypertension, whereas cyclophosphamide treatment to the normal hypertensive mice decreased the blood pressure in the chronic phase of the hypertension, but not in the early (acute) phase. Some perivascular round cell infiltrations were found in the uninfarcted part of the kidney in normal and thymus-transplanted nude mice after 80 days of hypertension, but the degree of cellular reaction was less than previously observed in the NMRI-strain of mice. Substantial perivascular cellular infiltrations, which appeared to be thymus-dependent, occurred in the ischemic border-zone of the infarcted area. Athymic mice of the NMRI-strain were able to develop the initial blood pressure elevation of DOCA/salt hypertension during the chronic phase of loomis hypertension, in which phase the arterial pressure otherwise would be declining towards normal values.
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PMID:The importance of thymus in the pathogenesis of the chronic phase of hypertension in mice following partial infarction of the kidney. 33 61

Treatment with penicillamine was capable of bringing down the elevated systemic arterial pressure in the thymus-dependent phase of infarct-kidney hypertension in mice; a marked improvement in the clinical condition of the treated animals was observed as compared with untreated hypertensive mice. No pathological changes in either kidney or heart could be attributed to toxic side effects of penicillamine either in normotensive or in hypertensive mice treated for several months with penicillamine. It is concluded that penicillamine may have an effect on thymus-dependent reactions, such as the increased blood pressure in the chronic phase of infarct-kidney hypertension in mice. In mice, the treatment can be extended over a considerable part of the animal's life span without apparently giving rise to toxic side effects on vital organs.
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PMID:The effect of penicillamine on blood pressure and vascular disease in mice with infarct-kidney hypertension. 37 78

The suggestion that cadmium-induced hypertension in rats might be due to renal sodium retention, known to result from Cd treatment, was examined. Young female rats were given a regimen of intraperitoneal cadmium treatments reported to cause hypertension reliably within a month. They were sensitized to the development of salt hypertension by removal of one kidney and then given 1 percent saline solution to drink. Over a five-week period, experimental animals consistently drank more saline than controls, despite which fewer of them became hypertensive, with the result that the average systolic pressure of controls finally reached the hypertensive range, whereas the experimental group remained normotensive. Cadmium treatment had no detectable effect on growth, the hemogram, serum Na and K, or the weight of liver, kidney, heart, spleen, thymus, or adrenal glands. There was thus no evidence that cadmium caused any adverse constitutional or hemodynamic effects, but it appeared to retard the development of salt hypertension. The results do not support the suggestion that the hypertensive effects of cadmium are modulated by sodium-retaining influences on the kidney.
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PMID:Effect of cadmium on salt hypertension in rats. 42 35

The effect of increased dietary calcium on the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats was investigated by feeding lab chow fortified with calcium carbonate (2.5% calcium, hCa) beginning at 4 wk of age. A control SH group was fed regular lab chow (1.2% calcium, rCa). Two groups of age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated in parallel. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was measured weekly until the age of 18 wk using a tail cuff method. The hCa diet significantly attenuated the time course of hypertension in SH rats even though both SH groups eventually developed hypertension. The hCa also lowered BP in WKYs, but to a lesser extent. Urine output (24-hr volumes) was not affected by hCa, but in both SH and WKY groups fed the hCa diet, the excretion of Na+, K+ and Ca++ was markedly elevated at 11, 15, and 19 wk of age. Urine osmolality was also elevated. Plasma Na+, Ca++ and osmolality were not significantly altered by the diet in either SH or WKY rats; plasma potassium was significantly lower in the SH group fed the hCa diet than in the group given rCa. The hCa diet did not significantly affect the body or heart, kidney, adrenal, or thymus weights. The results suggest that hCa diet may attenuate genetic hypertension by inducing an osmotic diuresis.
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PMID:Increased dietary calcium lowers blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. 51 84

1. Structural changes in the thymus during the evolution experimental renal hypertension were investigated to determine their possible role in the genesis of hypertensive vascular disease. 2. The thymus, adrenal glands and the progression of hypertensive vascular lesions were investigated in rats during the first 30 days after occlusion of the aorta between the two renal arteries. 3. Hypertension was initially accompanied by marked atrophy of the thymus, most pronounced 9 days after operation. During this time, the adrenal glands doubled in size and the heart became enlarged. 4. After 21 days the thymus regenerated and became hypertrophic. Histological features of hyperactivity accompanied by infiltration of plasma cells were evident, while the adrenal glands remained enlarged. 5. The observed structural changes of the regenerated thymus in the presence of sustained adrenal hypertrophy indicate that the thymus may contribute to the production of hypertensive vascular disease.
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PMID:Biphasic changes in thymus structure during evolving renal hypertension. 67 25

Following the induction of three different forms of experimental hypertension, deposits of amyloid were found in the spleens of 5-20 per cent of the mice late in the course of the hypertension, Amyloidosis was found in nude (with genetical aplasia of the thymus) as well as in haired (normal) mice. The highest frequency of amyloidosis was observed in mice with hypertension due to partial infarction of one kidney and contralateral nephrectomy. The hypertensive vascular disease, involving lesion of the vessels and of the organs supplied by the affected vessels, is believed, to represent a stimulus for the reticulo endothelial system (RES) with development of amyloidosis as a secondary event.
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PMID:Occurrence of amyloidosis secondary to the induction of experimental hypertension in mice. 84 92


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