Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Various minor tranquilizers (benzodiazepines, barbiturates and meprobamate) induced an increase in the food intake of rats or mice. Drugs were injected i.p. 30 min before testing and the amount of food consumed during 30 min was recorded. The enhanced food consumption occurred when the animals were in a novel situation, in a situation which they had previously experienced, or in their home cage, in which they were used to eating in the daytime within 30 min. Studies with two benzodiazepines showed this effect to be maximal between 10 to 30 min after injection and to disappear 4 hrs after injection. Moreover, minor tranquilizers reduce the latency before eating of rats and mice tested in a new situation. These results and the observation of anti-anxiety drugs-induced hyperphagia in satiated animals suggest that: 1. The enhanced food consumption of a non familiar food in a novel situation induced by the minor tranquilizers could hardly be related only to their anti-anxiety action. 2. The existence of some inhibitory controls (endogenous satiety in daytime or satiety after recent absorption) is not essential for the action of the minor tranquilizers. 3. An increased motivation and a disruption in the food related behavior could possibly be an explanation for all the observed effects.
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PMID:[Effects of antianxiety drugs on the food intake in trained and untrained rats and mice (author's transl)]. 0 42

Bilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens septi (NAS) and olfactory tubercle (OT) caused enhanced intake of wet mash in 23-hr-food-deprived rats tested in photocell activity cages during restricted 30-min sessions. This mild hyperphagia was accompanied by a significant hypoactivity in the group with NAS/OT lesions. No hyperphagia was observed during a prolonged 120-min test session or in free-feeding tests conducted in the home cage. Anorexia induced by d-amphetamine (.5 and 1.5 mg/kg) was unaltered by the lesion, although the locomotor stimulant action of the drug was attenuated. A second experiment showed that the NAS/OT lesion also enhanced food intake in the photocell cages during 30-min sessions with dry food pellets but that food-associated drinking was concomitantly reduced. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the behavioral changes caused by mesolimbic neuron destruction result in part from an inability to switch from one behavioral activity to another.
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PMID:Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens septi and olfactory tubercle on feeding, locomotor activity, and amphetamine anorexia in the rat. 28 97

A young man with severe multiple injuries following a motorcycle accident was admitted with head and mandible fractures, coma, fracture dislocation at C5-C6 resulting in total leg paralysis, partial paralysis of the right arm and intercostal muscles, and closed chest injury with possible pulmonary contusion. On the fourth day he developed fulminating mediastinitis and massive empyema, and was found to have a ruptured esophagus. Recovery became possible with surgical drainage of the pleural cavity and mediastinum, proximal and distal decompression of the esophagus, antimicrobial therapy, irrigation of the pleural cavity, complete intravenous hyperalimentation, and infusions of salt-poor albumin. The patient was discharged after 95 days, and 7 months after injury is neurologically intact except for a partial right wrist drop. This rare esophageal rupture should be suspected in any chest injury patients, especially those characterized by extreme cyanosis, dyspnea, shock, and prostration incompatible with thoracic cage injury.
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PMID:Rupture of the thoracic esophagus from blunt trauma. 59 47

A study was made of the effect of hypothalamic hyperphagia on the tolerance of lung to explosive decompression in male Long-Evans rats. The control and hypothalamic hyperphagic rats were explosively decompressed together from 1 atm to an ambient pressure of 30 min Hg in 0.04s. The hypothalamic-lesiones rats gained from 252 g average weight to 460 g, a 82% gain. The respective figures for the controls. were from 248 g to 336 g and 36%. It was also observed that a considerable amount of fat was accumulated between pleura and lungs in experimental animals. The average accumulation of fat between pleura and lungs in experimental rats was 3.23 g, while the value of the control group was only 0.42 g. The difference was statistically significant. Such an increase of fat accumulation in the thoracic cage could decrease the tidal volume. The severity of decompression-induced pulmonary hemorrages might thus be decreased. On the other hand, it also seems possible that the soft fat cushion between pleura and lungs might damp the bruising of the pulmonary tissue against the resistant thoracic wall to a certain extent, thus resulting in a decreased susceptibility to decompression-induced lung damage. Besides , the mortality in obese rats undergoing explosive decompression was also significantly lower than that of the controls
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PMID:Influence of hypothalamic hyperphagia on tolerance of lung to explosive decompression. 105 29

Anorexia and cachexia are major problems in patients with cancer. Such measures as anti-cancer therapy, dietary counselling or hyperalimentation are not very successful in reversing this phenomenon in the vast majority of cancer patients. Thus, several drugs have been evaluated as agents to ameliorate cancer-associated anorexia/cachexia. Cyproheptadine is an antiserotonergic drug which appears to cause slight appetite stimulation in patients. A randomised clinical trial, however, was unable to demonstrate any weight gain from this agent. Corticosteroids are frequently used in clinical practice for appetite stimulation in patients with advanced malignancies. Supporting this practice, 4 randomised clinical trials showed that corticosteroid medications can stimulate the appetites of advanced cancer patients. However, these studies were not able to show any substantial nonfluid weight gain in treated patients. Megestrol acetate is a progestational agent which appears to be a relatively potent appetite stimulant. Randomised studies in advanced cancer patients have shown both substantial appetite stimulation and improvement in the nonfluid bodyweights of patients receiving this drug. Preliminary evidence also suggests that this drug has antiemetic properties. Several clinical studies are currently ongoing to determine the effect of various doses of megestrol acetate in patients with cancer. Efforts are also ongoing to evaluate both anabolic steroids and hydrazine sulfate as drugs for the treatment of patients with cancer anorexia/cachexia. The preliminary nature of these investigations, however, precludes recommendations for the use of either of these latter 2 drugs in routine clinical practice.
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PMID:Cancer-associated anorexia and cachexia. Implications for drug therapy. 137 16

In order to investigate the regulatory role of the immune system on gastrointestinal macromolecular permeability in neonates, and ontogeny of the neonatal immune system, we have developed a total parenteral nutrition (TPN) program capable of maintaining immunologically "virgin" germfree (GF) neonatal piglets. GF colostrum-deprived piglets obtained by aseptic hysterectomy 3-5 days prior to term were denied any oral feeding and maintained on central venous hyperalimentation in the GF isolators. GF piglets were anesthetized and 20-gauge silicone tubing was inserted into the external jugular vein and advanced to the level of right auricle of the heart. The distal end of the cannula was subcutaneously tunneled out between the shoulders and attached to a light jacket, tether, and swivel assembly that allowed the piglet to move freely inside the cage in a germfree unit. The TPN formula provided 60 Cal/kg/day for the first day and gradually increased up to 165 Cal/kg/day for day-7 and older piglets. The GF piglets were maintained on the TPN formula for 21 days and weight gain of the GF-TPN piglets averaged 23 g/day. The hematologic and serum biochemical parameters of GF-TPN piglets were within the normal range of gnotobiotic animals of their age group. The serum levels of total protein and albumin in the GF-TPN piglets were significantly less than those of colostrum-fed piglets, who absorbed a large quantity of the colostral macromolecules through their gastrointestinal tract into the blood stream.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Total parenteral nutrition in germfree colostrum-deprived neonatal miniature piglets: a unique model to study the ontogeny of the immune system. 314 37

Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (REMd) is a potent stressor in the rat. Behavioral abnormalities are among the earliest overt symptoms of REMd, the mechanisms for which remain largely unknown. The phenomena of hyperphagia and weight loss that are associated with REMd may contribute to its later morbidity; however, little is known about the onset of these phenomena or the neurotransmitter mechanisms that are involved. The aim of this study was to determine whether the earliest effects of REMd on consumatory behavior in the rat and its performance in the swimming cylinder of Porsolt are related to changes in norepinephrine (NE) concentrations in the cerebral cortex and selected areas of the hypothalamus. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (n = 6): the REMd group resided in a water tank on 6.5-cm diameter pedestals for 96 h; the tank control (TC) group resided in the water tank on 15-cm pedestals for 96 h; the cage controls (CC) remained in their home cages for the duration of the study. In the first series of experiments, body weights and caloric intake were recorded daily, along with the performance of all animals in the swimming cylinder of Porsolt. In the second series of experiments, body weights and caloric intake were recorded, but the Porsolt test was not employed and the brains were dissected after 96 h for NE analysis by HPLC. It was observed that the REMd group had lower immobility times (p < 0.05) in the Porsolt test after only 24 h, compared to groups TC and CC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Stress-related behavior and central norepinephrine concentrations in the REM sleep-deprived rat. 804 91

Serotonin (5-HT)(2C) receptor null mutant (knockout, KO) mice develop hyperphagia and midlife obesity. Based upon previous observations indicating altered responsiveness to stressful environmental conditions in these mice, we hypothesized that this KO mouse was hyperresponsive to repeated stress. To test this, we examined the effect of two intensities of repeated stress on food intake and body weight in 5-HT(2C) receptor KO and wild-type (WT) mice. The stressors involved daily cage change (including handling) for 3 days then daily restraint for 4 days. On the final day, mice were immediately decapitated after restraint to assess levels of plasma hormones. Two ages were used: young (12 weeks) and old (32-34 weeks). Basally, young KO were prehyperphagic and weighed the same as WT. In the old mice, KO were frankly hyperphagic and heavier than WT. In response to repeated cage change alone, the genotype-specific difference in food intake in the young group was enhanced, whereas in the old group it was diminished. This stressor did not significantly affect body weight change or caloric efficiency with respect to age or genotype. Repeated restraint had little effect on the young mice. However, in the old mice, KO had decreases in relative body weight and caloric efficiency compared with WT. In the old KO mice, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone and insulin were increased compared with WT mice. Together, these findings indicate that 5-HT(2C) receptor KO mice are hyperresponsive to repeated stress and this effect is influenced by stressor intensity and initial metabolic state of the mouse.
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PMID:Repeated stress in young and old 5-HT(2C) receptor knockout mice. 1283 93

A series of studies in rat using isoenergetic (kcal/ml) liquid diets differing in fat content has previously found dietary fat to dose-dependently increase daily caloric intake. In single-meal tests in which meal initiation was externally evoked in feeding-associated environments, the behavioral expression of this overeating was found to be larger meal intake. The present studies confirmed the ecological validity of this larger meal size of high-fat diet (HF) relative to high-carbohydrate diet (HC): meal size of HF>HC in home-cage testing (Experiment 1), and during undisturbed, spontaneous feeding in which ingestive behavior was continuously monitored (Experiments 2 and 3). These findings demonstrate that single-meal paradigms yield results consistent with spontaneous feeding of high-fat and high-carbohydrate liquid diets, thus supporting the use of single-meal studies to better understand the physiological bases of elevated caloric intake associated with chronic consumption of a high-fat diet.
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PMID:Meal size of high-fat food is reliably greater than high-carbohydrate food across externally-evoked single-meal tests and long-term spontaneous feeding in rat. 1592 89

Among polygenic mouse models of obesity, the New Zealand obese (NZO) mouse exhibits the most severe phenotype, with fat depots exceeding 40% of total body weight at the age of 6 mo. Here we dissected the components of energy balance including feeding behavior, locomotor activity, energy expenditure, and thermogenesis compared with the related lean New Zealand black (NZB) and obese B6.V-Lep(ob)/J (ob/ob) strains (11% and 65% fat at 23 wk, respectively). NZO mice exhibited a significant hyperphagia that, when food intake was expressed per metabolic body mass, was less pronounced than that of the ob/ob strain. Compared with NZB, NZO mice exhibited increased meal frequency, meal duration, and meal size. Body temperature as determined by telemetry with implanted sensors was reduced in NZO mice, but again to a lesser extent than in the ob/ob strain. In striking contrast to ob/ob mice, NZO mice were able to maintain a constant body temperature during a 20-h cold exposure, thus exhibiting a functioning cold-induced thermogenesis. No significant differences in spontaneous home cage activity were observed among NZO, NZB, and ob/ob strains. When mice had access to voluntary running wheels, however, running activity was significantly lower in NZO than NZB mice and even lower in ob/ob mice. These data indicate that obesity in NZO mice, just as in humans, is due to a combination of hyperphagia, reduced energy expenditure, and insufficient physical activity. Because NZO mice differ strikingly from the ob/ob strain in their resistance to cold stress, we suggest that the molecular defects causing hyperphagia in NZO mice are located distal from leptin and its receptor.
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PMID:Hyperphagia, lower body temperature, and reduced running wheel activity precede development of morbid obesity in New Zealand obese mice. 1661 59


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