Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recipients of autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) for solid tumors need nutritional support to maintain their body weight (BW). Severe BW-reduction (9.9%) was noticed retrospectively in ten ABMT patients fed orally, despite intensive counseling or occasional tube feeding. A prospective, randomized study of hyperalimentation (25 g nitrogen (N) and 3400 nonprotein kilocalories) with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or partial parenteral plus enteral nutrition by tube feeding (PPN/EN) was done in 22 patients. Nutritional assessment included balance measurements of N, Na, K, Cl, P, Ca, Mg, Cu, and Zn, and serial measurements of BW, serum albumin, prealbumin, and transferrin. Both regimens were effective in maintaining BW (maximum percent of change, 2.5) and N-balance. Blood products accounted for an additional N-intake of 13% in both groups. The TPN group had a higher dietary N-intake versus PPN/EN, a positive K balance but negative Ca, Mg, Cu, and Zn balances. More mineral supplementation was given in the PPN/EN group where positive K, Mg, and Zn balances were seen. Visceral proteins and IgG, IgA, and IgM levels were decreased on days 7, 14, and 21. Creatinine clearance increased significantly in both groups. Compared with TPN, the PPN/EN group showed a twofold number of patients with a positive blood culture, although this observation did not reach statistical significance and patients had fewer days of diarrhea (31.1% versus 54.3%, P less than 0.01). Hyperalimentation with PPN/EN is an acceptable alternative to TPN in the nutritional support of ABMT recipients.
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PMID:Hyperalimentation in autologous bone marrow transplantation for solid tumors. Comparison of total parenteral versus partial parenteral plus enteral nutrition. 250 64

Glutamine has been demonstrated to be an important source of fuel for the gut. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of glutamine-supplemented hyperalimentation on gut immune function. Thirty-six female Fischer rats were randomized into three groups: group 1 (chow) was fed rat chow and water ad libitum, group 2 (total parenteral nutrition) received a standard hyperalimentation formula, and group 3 (total parenteral nutrition-glutamine) received a hyperalimentation solution that contained 2% glutamine. Animals were maintained on their respective diets for 2 weeks and then killed. Mesenteric lymph nodes were harvested for culture, bile was assayed for secretory IgA, and bowel was excised to assay bacterial adherence. Results indicated that glutamine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition protects against bacterial translocation from the gut seen with standard formulas. This effect may be mediated by the secretory IgA immune system.
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PMID:Glutamine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition improves gut immune function. 251 19

Infections caused by the opportunistic yeast pathogen, Candida albicans, are becoming increasingly important. Superficial Candida infections, particularly those of the mouth and vagina, are very common; for example, candidal vaginitis plaques millions of women worldwide, often proving refractory to treatment. Systemic candidosis is much rarer, but it is an important hazard of modern medical procedures such as transplant surgery, i.v. hyperalimentation, and immunosuppressive therapy. One significant virulence factor of C. albicans is its ability to secrete extracellular acid proteinase. This attribute is shared by C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis, but not by other less pathogenic Candida species. The enzymes produced by these yeasts are all carboxyl proteinases capable of degrading secretory IgA, the major immunoglobulin of mucous membranes. Some have keratino- or collagenolytic activity. Two secretory proteinases of C. albicans have been purified and characterized; their properties are reviewed. Possible applications of this work to the treatment and diagnosis of candidosis are discussed.
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PMID:Candida proteinases and candidosis. 306 60

A collaborative study of the humoral and cellular immune status of patients with carcinoma of the Head and Neck (H&N) was conducted at the West Virginia University (WVU) hospital. In addition, blind-coded serum panels were supplied on H&N cancer patients being treated at the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Serum protein analysis of the WVU study groups revealed that at the pretreatment sampling, the alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), total complement, and IgA levels were significantly elevated. The AGP levels and total complement levels declined to normal levels in the post-treatment period, whereas the IgA levels remained elevated throughout the entire observation period. Levels of serum immune complexes (SIC) were measured in both the WVU and NCI H&N cancer populations using the polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation method. In both survey populations all cancer groups had significantly elevated levels of SIC when compared to any of the control populations. The SIC levels never returned to comparative normal values even in cases after successful treatment. A subpopulation of the WVU-H&N cancer study group underwent a short course of intravenous hyperalimentation prior to their treatment regimen. These patients demonstrated a transient decrease in their SIC levels as well as a concomitant increase in their in vitro cell-mediated immune (CMI) correlates. The analysis of in vitro CMI correlates of the WVU study group using both polyclonal mitogens and specific antigens demonstrated a significant depression in these parameters pretreatment and post-treatment. In addition, it was observed that the time course for elevation of selected serum proteins (i.e., IgA and SIC) correlated with concomitant drops in CMI activity. Investigations were also conducted into the effects of immune complex-rich serum fractions upon selected in vitro CMI correlates. Significant blockage of a normal donor leukocyte migration-inhibition assay was demonstrated. Also, a similar inhibition of the ability of normal human lymphocytes to form high affinity rosettes was accomplished with serum from H&N cancer patients.
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PMID:Immune complexes, serum proteins, cell-mediated immunity, and immune regulation in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 308 60

Secretory IgA (S-IgA), an immunoglobulin present in secretions, prevents the adherence of bacteria to mucosal cells and is the principle component of the gut mucosal defense system. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the route of nutrient administration affects S-IgA. Twenty-five female Fisher rats were randomized into three groups. Groups I and II were fed an isonitrogenous, isocaloric standard hyperalimentation solution, Group I intravenously and Group II via a gastrostomy. Group III (control) was fed rat chow and water ad lib. Since bile is one of the principle sources of S-IgA, animals had biliary T-tubes placed for sampling of bile every 4 days. At day 16, Group I animals were fed rat chow and water for an additional 8 days. S-IgA was measured by the ELISA immunoassay. Results indicated at day 16 that the S-IgA level in mg/ml of Group I was 1.1 +/- 0.2, while the S-IgA in Groups II and III was 2.2 +/- 0.6 and 2.2 +/- 0.26, respectively. Furthermore, the S-IgA level in Group I after 8 days of enteral feeding rose to 1.8 +/- 0.4. The difference in S-IgA levels between enterally and parenterally fed rats suggests that an important defense barrier is compromised during parenteral hyperalimentation. Rats fed the same nutrients by gastrostomy maintained S-IgA levels better than rats fed the same nutrients intravenously. The rapid return to normal levels after resumption of enteral feeding suggests that the intraluminal presence of foodstuffs is essential for maintenance of S-IgA.
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PMID:The effect of parenteral nutrition on gastrointestinal immunity. The importance of enteral stimulation. 393 61

In carcinoma of the esophagus, response to in vivo sensitization with recall antigens and DNCB was markedly depressed with 13% and 16% positivity respectively. Similarly, the number of T-cells was found to be significantly low (24 +/- 14) as compared to normal control (61 +/- 23). Blastogenesis index with PHA was only 1.75 +/- 1.04 in contrast to normal of 6.79 +/- 2.57. This depression was independent of serum albumin level and body weight. Cell-mediated immunity was further depressed following radiotherapy and did not improve following enteral alimentation for 3 weeks. In untreated patients, there was a significant rise in levels of IgA (298 +/- 184 mg/100 ml) as compared to normal (154 +/- 54 mg/100 ml). Levels of IgA did show a downward trend following enteral hyperalimentation. Circulating immune complexes and serum CEA level were elevated in almost 50% of patients. These data confirm the influence of tumor-related impairment of cell-mediated immunity while nutrition appears to affect IgA levels.
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PMID:Immunity in esophageal carcinoma. 641 76

A large number of reports have dealt with comparative studies of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and enteral hyperalimentation (EH). However, there have been few reports on comparative studies in which patients were stringently selected for identical observation periods. We divided patients who underwent total gastrectomy for stomach carcinoma into two groups. The two groups were given TPN and EH, respectively, for three weeks to investigate immunological competence and nutritional conditions. There were ten patients in the TPN group and ten in the EH group was IgG, IgA, IgM, and complements (C3 and CH50) selected as the immunological indices. At the same time, TP, Alb, Tf, PA and RBP were used as the nutritional indices. Immunological competence dropped from one to three days after surgery in both groups, but gradually increased thereafter. Up to three weeks after surgery, immunological indices showed preoperative values or above though there were no significant differences between the two groups. The nutritional indices were low from three to four days after surgery but gradually increased thereafter and returned to preoperative levels or above, no significant differences were noted between the two groups. This was probably because malignant tumors were resected, and nutritional was supplemented from three to four days after surgery which led to the improvement of immunological and nutritional indices. Since the patients in both groups experienced uneventful clinical courses without developing any complications, there were no significant differences in these indices between the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Nutrition for total gastrectomy. Especially the usefulness of enteral hyperalimentation]. 833 Nov 51

Steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis is an immunopathological disease in dogs characterised by neck pain, pleocytosis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and increased serum and CSF immunoglobulin (Ig) A levels. A long-term treatment protocol (four to 20 months) with prednisolone was applied in 10 dogs with the condition. Clinical side effects, changes in blood and CSF values and long-term outcome were evaluated retrospectively. Eight of the 10 dogs were without clinical signs up to 29 months after the treatment was terminated. Long-term glucocorticosteroid treatment appears to result only in mild clinical side effects, such as polyuria/polydipsia, polyphagia and weight gain. All clinical and laboratory changes were reversible after the therapy was discontinued. Elevated serum and CSF IgA levels did not decrease to normal values during prednisolone treatment and were still slightly increased after the therapy was discontinued. A marked decrease in the cell count of the CSF was observed after therapy was initiated, although pleocytosis increased again during relapses of the disease. Monitoring of CSF cell count in dogs with this condition seems to be a sensitive indicator of success of treatment. In addition, older dogs with high IgA levels in the CSF and frequent relapses seem to require a longer duration of therapy and have a less favourable prognosis long term. The reason for high systemic and intrathecally produced IgA levels remains unknown, but seems not to be influenced by prednisolone treatment.
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PMID:Long-term treatment of dogs with steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis: clinical, laboratory and therapeutic results. 1097 24