Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The regulation of energy metabolism in obesity may differ from normal condition in several respects. The synthesis of lipids may be enhanced due to a greater production of insulin, estrogens and cortisol and to a lack of dehydroepiandrosterone. Lipolysis is reduced in obese subjects by a decreased secretion of catecholamines, growth hormone, adipsin and cachectin. Inadequate intake of food and stress modify the T3/rT3 ratio. Oxidative phosphorylation and the production of ATP is modified, thermogenesis decreases due to a reduced synthesis of thermogenin. A decreased activity of substrate cycles and of the Na-K ATPase, is expected. Most of these disorders are normalized in post-obese patients. Many common drugs interfere with energy metabolism, namely those used in psychiatry and all hormones and their antagonists mentioned above and used for a long time. Obesity should not be considered as a simple result of overeating and lack of physical activity.
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PMID:[Energy metabolism in obesity]. 158 28

Deterioration in nutritional status occurs late in the progress of cancers at certain sites, but at all stages in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Weight loss with decrease in body fat and muscle wastage, occurs to a varying degree. Superficially, the clinical condition resembles simple food deprivation. However, the derangements in metabolism are often and some patients show an elevated resting energy expenditure, disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and generally, a failure to adapt to reduced food intake, which is characteristic of cachexia. Cancer cachexia then becomes characterized by signs of marked negative energy and protein balance, including hypoalbuminemia, weight loss, and anemia. On the other hand, toxohormone extracted from tumor tissues was considered as the main cause to produce cancer cachexia. However, it has become clearer that cytokines, e.g. cachectin/TNF, IL-1, LT and IFN gamma play an important role to produce cachexia. Patients who are malnourished have an incidence of postoperative complications double that seen in adequately nourished patients. The effectiveness of cancer-chemotherapy is also different in nutritional status of patients. Although in patients requiring hyperalimentation, enteral nutritional support may feasible and enteral feeding has a distinct metabolic advantage compared with parenteral feeding, there is a definite role for total parenteral nutrition in patients who have severe chronic radiation enteritis, side effect of chemotherapy, weight loss and malabsorption. Tentative weight gain and correction of hypoalbuminemia without improving patient survival may be expected by this intravenous hyperalimentation.
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PMID:[Palliative therapy in cancer 2. Nutrition control]. 169 91