Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The number of aged surgical patients is increasing due to the increase of aged people in the general population. Aged surgical patients above 65 years of age constituted about 30% of all ICU patients in our institution. Perioperative care for aged patients has now become one of the most important clinical activities in the ICU. The perioperative management for those aged patients should be performed with great care because these patients have some abnormalities in water and electrolyte metabolism. Aged patients showed decreased blood levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and decreased creatinine clearance even in the preoperative period. The ANP level and the creatinine clearance showed significant negative correlation, indicating that one of the reasons for impaired renal function among aged patients could be the decreased ANP level in blood. The intraoperative insults to the aged surgical patients undergoing radical operation for esophageal cancer tended to be smaller compared to that in the younger patients. Intraoperative infusion volume and urinary output were also smaller in the aged group compared to those in the younger group. The postoperative infusion therapy in the ICU mainly consisted of intravenous hyperalimentation with decreased Na content and the transfusion of fresh frozen plasma. This regimen should be more suitable for the aged patients. Even though the aged and the younger group received the same infusion therapy during their postoperative ICU stay up to the 7th day, the aged patients showed the tendency of Na and Cl retention and increase in anion gap. However, these abnormalities in water and electrolyte metabolism were not so severe as to cause clinical symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Perioperative water and electrolyte metabolism and its abnormalities in aged patients]. 279 75

Treatment with several antipsychotic drugs exhibits a tendency to induce weight gain and diabetic complications. The proposed mechanisms by which the atypical antipsychotic drug olanzapine increases body weight include central dysregulations leading to hyperphagia and direct peripheral impairment of fat cell lipolysis. Several investigations have reproduced in vitro direct actions of antipsychotics on rodent adipocytes, cultured preadipocytes, or human adipose tissue-derived stem cells. However, to our knowledge, no such direct action has been described in human mature adipocytes. The aim of the present study was to compare in human adipocytes the putative direct alterations of lipolysis by antipsychotics (haloperidol, olanzapine, ziprazidone, risperidone), antidepressants (pargyline, phenelzine), or anxiolytics (opipramol). Lipolytic responses to the tested drugs, and to recognized lipolytic (e.g., isoprenaline) or antilipolytic agents (e.g., insulin) were determined, together with glucose transport and amine oxidase activities in abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes from individuals undergoing plastic surgery. None of the tested drugs were lipolytic. Surprisingly, only opipramol exhibited substantial antilipolytic properties in the micromolar to millimolar range. An opipramol antilipolytic effect was evident against isoprenaline-, forskolin-, or atrial natriuretic peptide-stimulated lipolysis. Opipramol did not impair insulin activation of glucose transport but inhibited monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity to the same extent as antidepressants recognized as MAO inhibitors (pargyline, harmine, or phenelzine), whereas antipsychotics were inefficient. Considering its unique properties, opipramol, which is not associated with weight gain in treated patients, is a good candidate for drug repurposing because it limits exaggerated lipolysis, prevents hydrogen peroxide release by amine oxidases in adipocytes, and is thereby of potential use to limit lipotoxicity and oxidative stress, two deleterious complications of diabetes and obesity.
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PMID:Opipramol Inhibits Lipolysis in Human Adipocytes without Altering Glucose Uptake and Differently from Antipsychotic and Antidepressant Drugs with Adverse Effects on Body Weight Control. 3215 Oct 75