Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The patient was a 43-year-old woman, who had undergone a right middle and lower lobectomy for adenocarcinoma of the lung. An esophagobronchopleural fistula developed two months after the operation. It was treated by a combined procedure consisting of pedicle flap closure of the fistula and thoracoplasty. The esophagobronchopleural fistula recurred two days later, however, and another pedicle flap closure with fenestration of the chest wall were performed in a third operation. A bronchopleural fistula then recurred, after which it was treated by conservative therapy including intravenous hyperalimentation, frequent dressing changes and systemic administration of appropriate antibiotics. It closed spontaneously 23 days after surgery, in spite of this being a very rare but serious complication very difficult to treat and cure. From our experience with this particular case, we recommend, for treating esophagobronchopleural fistulas, proper drainage, antibiotic therapy, intravenous hyperalimentation and packing of the empyema space, together with closure of the fistula using a muscle or pleural flap.
Jpn J Clin Oncol 1989 Dec
PMID:An esophagobronchopleural fistula successfully treated by a surgical procedure combined with conservative therapy after resection for lung cancer. 260 42

Several experiments were performed to determine whether the hyperphagia caused by medial hypothalamic knife cuts and that induced by opiate agonists are mediated by a common mechanism. In the first set of experiments, male Sprague-Dawley rats were given bilateral parasagittal medial hypothalamic knife cuts or a sham procedure and fed a high-fat Crisco-chow diet. Knife-cut and sham-operated rats were approximately equally sensitive to the suppressive effects of naloxone on food intake. The kappa opiate receptor agonist ketocyclazocine generally increased daytime food intake in sham-operated rats; in contrast, the normal hyperphagia of knife-cut rats was in most cases either unchanged or decreased by ketocyclazocine. In a second set of experiments, neither diet composition nor hypothalamic knife cuts significantly affected the feeding responses to naloxone or the stimulatory effects of the kappa agonist butorphanol tartrate. It was hypothesized that the differential effects of ketocyclazocine in knife-cut and sham-operated rats are a consequence of the sedative effects of the drug combined with the elevated baseline of the knife-cut subjects. This hypothesis was supported by a third experiment, in which ketocyclazocine also reduced nocturnal intake in unoperated rats and butorphanol increased intake. That feeding responses to naloxone and butorphanol were essentially unchanged by hypothalamic knife cuts suggests that the opioid feeding system is independent of the longitudinal feeding inhibitory pathway believed to be involved in knife-cut-induced hyperphagia.
Behav Neurosci 1985 Dec
PMID:Opiates and medial hypothalamic knife cuts cause hyperphagia through different mechanisms. 303 41

Both the presence of cancer and oncologic therapy cause metabolic alterations that may decrease the ability of the host to maintain anabolism. Nutritional support, properly administered, will replenish lean body mass, visceral proteins, and immunocompetence in human beings and experimental animals with small to modest tumor burdens. To date, stimulation of tumor growth by intravenous hyperalimentation in malnourished patients has not been documented scientifically. The exact role of intravenous hyperalimentation, in combination with chemotherapy or radiation therapy, is controversial, whereas the role of nutritional support for the malnourished surgical patient is more firmly established.
Surg Clin North Am 1986 Dec
PMID:Value of nutritional support in adult cancer patients. 309 46

Lesions of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) produce obesity and hyperphagia. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. The connections of the PVN with brainstem centers for autonomic control suggest that a change in autonomic function could mediate the PVN obesity syndrome. We examined this hypothesis in a series of 3 experiments, searching specifically for changes in insulin secretion. Rats with PVN lesions were hyperphagic and hyperinsulinemic, when obese. However, hyperinsulinemia could not be detected prior to the onset of obesity or following weight reduction. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy reversed the PVN obesity and lowered insulin levels below those of sham-vagotomized rats. Since noradrenergic innervation of the hypothalamus is implicated in feeding, hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) was depleted by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the central tegmental tract, posterior to the hypothalamus. The effects of NE depletion was compared with those of PVN lesions. Loss of hypothalamic NE resulted in hyperphagia with no increase in body weight and no change in insulin. Histological analyses indicated that the posterior PVN was the most effective lesion focus for producing disturbances in body weight and food intake. Although the results of these experiments implicate the autonomic nervous system in PVN obesity, basal hyperinsulinemia does not appear to be a primary feature of the syndrome.
Behav Brain Res 1986 Dec
PMID:Effect of paraventricular nucleus lesions on body weight, food intake and insulin levels. 309 59

Potential contamination of enteral formulas has led to the development of policies limiting formula hangtimes. However, enteral administration bags can easily become contaminated during formula refilling. We prospectively studied enteral formula contamination when the hangtime of a prefilled 1000 ml pouch was compared with the standard 4-hour hangtime of a refilled enteral administration bag. Samples of formula collected from different locations along the enteral delivery system were cultured during 57 days of enteral hyperalimentation in 19 patients. The overall enteral formula contamination rate was 61%, where the greatest microbial growth occurred in reconstituted enteral formulas. The presence of microbial growth did not differ between canned formulas administered according to a 4-hour hangtime and the prefilled pouch. Greatest growth in all cases was at the distal tubing hub, where contamination during system manipulation or from the patient probably occurred. Use of prefilled enteral administration bags may delay formula contamination in the administration reservoir. A change in equipment design that would decrease the need to manipulate feeding sets or feeding tube connections should be further investigated.
Am J Infect Control 1986 Dec
PMID:Microbial growth in clinically used enteral delivery systems. 309 7

Twelve normal men received twice their estimated basal energy requirement by a carbohydrate solution via a nasogastric catheter during 48 hours, followed by a seven-hour fast. Subsequently, in nine of them 0.5 mg epinephrine was given subcutaneously under ongoing fasting. During hyperalimentation, serum triglycerides, phospholipids, total and free cholesterol, phospholipids/free cholesterol ratio, and plasma free fatty acids decreased, whereas the percentage of free cholesterol increased. During fasting and subsequent epinephrine administration triglycerides and free fatty acids rose without reaching basal levels. Plasma and red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid composition already changed from two hours after the start of the feeding. Most markedly, a steady decrease in RBC 18:2c, omega 6, amounting to more than 17% of the basal value at the end of the observation period was found. Neither in plasma, nor in RBC a concomitant appearance of 20:3c, omega 9 was seen. In RBC, the relative amounts of the saturated fatty acids increased, whereas those of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased. RBC content of total fatty acids decreased and that of cholesterol increased. The ratios 16:1c, omega 7/16:0 and 18:3c, omega 6/18:2c, omega 6 in plasma, and 20:3c, omega 6/18:2c, omega 6 in plasma and RBC increased, whereas those of 18:1c, omega 7/16:1c, omega 7 and 20:3c, omega 6/18:3c, omega 6 in plasma decreased. After 48 hours feeding serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase levels were moderately increased and rose further during fasting. Thus, continuous enteral hyperalimentation by carbohydrates alone rapidly induces profound changes in serum-, plasma-, and RBC lipid compositions and serum parameters of hepatic function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Metabolism 1987 Dec
PMID:Rapid changes in serum, plasma and erythrocyte lipid compositions, and serum transaminase levels during continuous enteral hyperalimentation by carbohydrates alone. 311 58

Sixteen mongrel dogs were depancreatized and controlled with intravenous hyperalimentation that included fat emulsion (Intralipid) for four weeks. Plasma lipids, fat tolerance test, PHLA, and presence of fatty liver were investigated. Dogs were divided into three groups (A, B, and C) for the purpose of studying the effect of fat emulsion. Groups A(n = 6) and B(n = 5) were given fat emulsion 1g/kg/day and 2g/kg/day respectively. Group C(n = 5) was not given fat emulsion. Group B had increased plasma total cholesterol and phospholipid. Group A had a slight increase of TG only. Group C had decreased plasma total cholesterol and phospholipid, and became hypoglycemic sometimes. The ability to clear fat emulsion expressed as (K2) decreased significantly after the 14th day in group B only. LPL, determined by the PHLA test in groups B and C only, did not change significantly. It seemed that fat emulsion was utilized in part as FFA and ketone bodies. Infusion of fat emulsion did not lead to fatty liver when insulin was administered continuously. For the depancreatized condition, it appeared that fat emulsion could be useful when blood sugar was controlled with insulin.
Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 1988 Dec
PMID:[Effect of intravenous administration of fat emulsion to depancreatized dogs]. 314 8

In the management of cloacal exstrophy, controversy exists regarding use of the rudimentary hindgut as a terminal colostomy v salvage of the hindgut for urinary or genital tract reconstruction. Over the past 26 years, 19 patients with cloacal exstrophy have undergone surgical reconstruction at our institution. Ten were managed by terminal ileostomy with an average follow-up of 9 years; nine were managed by permanent colostomy with an average follow-up of 8 years. The number of in-hospital days required due to gastrointestinal (GI) complications and the number of days required for supplemental parenteral hyperalimentation were significantly higher in patients managed by terminal ileostomy than by colostomy (P less than .05 and P less than .03, respectively). All patients have had continued long-term follow-up evaluations in regard to their weight and growth velocities. There is essentially no difference in regard to these characteristics within the two patient population groups. In summary, patients with terminal ileostomies require more frequent hospitalization and prolonged intravenous nutrition during their initial management phase. However, as the child matures and adaptation of the intestine develops, it appears that there are no substantial differences between the growth characteristics of the two patient populations.
J Pediatr Surg 1988 Dec
PMID:Management of the hindgut in cloacal exstrophy: terminal ileostomy versus colostomy. 314 6

Indirect calorimetry was performed during the first five days after admission in 18 neurosurgical patients with isolated head - injuries (N = 7) and spontaneous intracranial hemorrhages (N = 11) to determine basal metabolic rates (BMR). In the study group each day BMR varied from 2143 +/- 636 kcal/day to 3371 +/- 1140 kcal/day. Most patients however showed BMR values between 2000 and 2500 kcal/day. Individually BMR values ranged from 60 to 340 percent of normal healthy individuals. Patients with isolated head - injuries showed significant higher metabolic rates than patients with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhages. The authors conclude that an caloric intake of 2000 to 2500 kcal/day is sufficient for parenteral nutrition and usually helps to avoid negative effects of hyperalimentation by overestimation of BMR in this special patient group.
Anasth Intensivther Notfallmed 1988 Dec
PMID:[The energy consumption of patients with craniocerebral trauma and spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in the early postoperative post-traumatic phase]. 314 58

A 33-yr-old Japanese woman, married, no parity, was treated for endometriosis. Danazol 400 mg a day was initiated on September 25, 1986, for 21 consecutive days. She became severely constipated and had left lower abdominal colic pain. Five days later, she had to be admitted to the hospital, because she had had no bowel movements for 12 days and the abdominal pain was severe. On the day after admission, she had frequent painful bowel movements. The stool was blood-tinged, but pathogenic bacteria were nil. Ischemic colitis of the stricture type was identified. She was treated with hyperalimentation and anticholinergic agents. At 3 months and 5 days after discharge from hospital, danazol 400 mg per day was readministered, and 11 days later, the patient again became constipated and complained of the same pain in the left flank. We consider that danazol-induced constipation played a role in the onset of the ischemic colitis.
Am J Gastroenterol 1988 Dec
PMID:Ischemic colitis in a 33-year-old woman on danazol treatment for endometriosis. 319 51


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>