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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of the new 5HT1A receptor antagonist (S)-UH-301 were investigated in several neurological and behavioral tests in rodents and monkeys. By itself, (S)-UH-301 was found to decrease palatable food consumption in rats, to exhibit anticonvulsant activity in mice, and anxiolytic-like properties in two rodent models of anxiety (light-dark test and elevated plus-maze test). (S)-UH-301 antagonized various symptoms and behaviors induced by the selective 5HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT, such as lower lip retraction and flat body posture in rats, hyperphagia for palatable food in rats, and displacement activities (considered as indices of anxiety) in squirrel monkeys. These results further characterize (S)-UH-301 as an in vivo active 5HT1A receptor antagonist and suggest that this antagonistic activity might confer the compound with anxiolytic-like properties.
Brain Res Bull 1992 Dec
PMID:Behavioral profile of the 5HT1A receptor antagonist (S)-UH-301 in rodents and monkeys. 147 22

Although environmental factors are important triggers of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), heredity plays a major role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Insulin resistance manifested as impaired activation of glycogen synthase and thereby storage of glucose as glycogen in skeletal muscle is demonstrable early on in NIDDM relatives, suggesting that NIDDM could be an inherited muscle disease. On the other hand, insulin deficiency is almost unequivocally present before manifest diabetes develops. An intensive search for candidate genes for NIDDM has been initiated; so far it has not been possible to ascribe NIDDM to any alterations in the human genome. Given the heterogenous nature of NIDDM, its age-dependent penetrance and strong influence of environmental factors, it may not be fruitful to use NIDDM as an end-point in genetic linkage or association studies. It is more likely that DNA defects result in either insulin resistance or insulin deficiency, which in turn, can both lead to NIDDM. In accordance with the thrifty gene hypothesis, the insulin resistance gene has protected individuals during long periods of starving by storing energy as fat rather than as glycogen in muscle. The abundance of food in Western society has made this once protective gene a deleterious one, suggesting that these individuals are not equipped with the metabolic machinery to handle overeating.
Ann Med 1992 Dec
PMID:The etiology and pathogenesis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. 148 43

D-myo-Inositol-1,2,6-trisphosphate (PP56) is a novel experimental drug which is structurally related to the intracellular second messenger IP3. Among other pharmacological effects, PP56 has been shown to antagonize neuropeptide Y (NPY) induced vasoconstriction with a high degree of specificity. We examined the effects of i.c.v. PP56 on locomotor activity and food intake in rats, and on the hypoactivity and hyperphagia induced by NPY. In the open field, PP56 given alone increased locomotor activity by up to 85%. It did not prevent NPY induced hypoactivity to any extent. PP56 given alone did not affect food intake except for a small increase after the highest dose tested (200 nmol). When NPY was given after pretreatment with PP56, NPY induced hyperphagia was significantly reduced. A similar effect, however, was seen with regard to the hyperphagia produced by another orexigenic peptide, galanin. PP56 did not affect the binding of 125I-NPY to brain membranes in vitro, or to cells of two different neuroblastoma cell lines which selectively express NPY Y1 or Y2 receptors. In summary, PP56 acted as a locomotor stimulant per se. Only one of the two tested central effects of NPY could be antagonized by PP56, and then only partially and in a non-specific manner. The central effects of PP56 do not seem to be produced at the level of NPY receptors.
Eur J Pharmacol 1991 Dec 10
PMID:Effects of intracerebroventricular D-myo-inositol-1,2,6-trisphosphate (PP56), a proposed neuropeptide Y (NPY) antagonist, on locomotor activity, food intake, central effects of NPY and NPY-receptor binding. 166 39

Dopamine, an ancestral catecholamine, is physiologically natriuretic and vasodilating, thus essentially protecting against hypertension. Its actions are overshadowed by the opposite effects of its main biological partner, norepinephrine, and this is accentuated with aging. Clinical observations combined with molecular biology approaches to catecholamine-synthesizing and catecholamine-metabolizing enzymes and receptors permit the identification of some inborn defects. Subtle changes in the dopamine-norepinephrine balance may account for the enhanced peripheral noradrenergic activity seen in the setting of decreased dopaminergic activity in advanced age. These changes may contribute to the diminished ability of the aged kidney to excrete a salt load, as well as to the finding that systolic blood pressure increases with age in populations with a high, but not in those with a low, intake of salt. The attainment of advanced age in Western societies with adverse lifestyle changes (mental rather than physical stress, excess salt intake, overeating, sedentarism) appears to facilitate the development of hypertension. The adaptation to all the preceding lifestyle changes necessitates an increased dopamine generation, which may initially compensate to maintain appropriate natriuresis and vasodilation since many patients with initial borderline essential hypertension express their sympathetic hyperfunction, in addition to increased norepinephrine release, by excessive dopamine release. However, the progression of hypertension is accompanied by a peripheral dopaminergic deficiency and diminished ability to excrete salt. This may represent an eventual inadequacy of a phylogenetically redundant system resulting in decreased natriuresis and vasodilation and may account for the responsiveness of established chronic hypertension to salt restriction, diuretics, and dopaminomimetic medication.
Hypertension 1991 Dec
PMID:Peripheral dopamine in pathophysiology of hypertension. Interaction with aging and lifestyle. 168 57

The patient met 4 of the 5 expected outcomes. Effective therapy with CAVH was maintained in the ICU setting and in the operating room. The catheters functioned throughout the entire treatment without signs or symptoms of infection, bleeding, or thrombosis. She received hyperalimentation, filtration replacement fluid, and adequate fluid boluses to maintain volume status, nutritional requirements and vital signs. Cardiac vasopressor medications were required for a short period. The one problem that did occur was related to the anticoagulation therapy. The PTT was checked every 4 hours and the heparin drip was titrated to keep the PTT at 50 to 60 seconds. At one point, the PTT was 92 seconds but immediate measures were undertaken to reverse the condition. In the situation where a patient has an underlying coagulopathy and a potential source of bleeding, the nursing recommendation is that hourly bedside ACTs with every 4 hour PTTs should be performed as a routine part of the care. CRRT has been used successfully in critically ill unstable patients with multiorgan involvement. These therapies provide an avenue for collaboration between nursing professionals in nephrology and critical care. The focus of CRRT can now progress from the technical aspects of the procedures to patient centered nursing issues.
ANNA J 1991 Dec
PMID:Case study: end stage liver failure patient managed with CAVH pretransplant. 175 Jul 91

Twenty-eight patients underwent pelvic exenterations for gynecologic malignancies between June 1986 and June 1989. The postoperative fluid and electrolytes were managed by one of two regimens. One group of 10 patients was given concentrated 25% albumin infusion for the first 16 hr after surgery in addition to maintenance intravenous crystalloid solution according to ideal body weight. The second group of 18 patients received only a standard crystalloid solution. The albumin infusion group was found to have a more stable postoperative course as evidenced by less fluid boluses (P less than 0.01), fewer electrolyte bolus requirements (P less than 0.01), and easier management of blood pressure and urine output. There was a 50% decrease in total fluid requirement, a higher mean right atrial pressure (P less than 0.05), and a lower maintenance intravenous fluid rate (P less than 0.01). As a consequence, central hyperalimentation was started earlier (P less than 0.01) and the albumin infusion group left the Intensive Care Unit sooner than the non-albumin infusion group. There was not a single instance of clinical fluid overload with this slow infusion technique. Thus, concentrated albumin infusion was beneficial in the acute fluid management of these difficult patients.
Gynecol Oncol 1991 Dec
PMID:Concentrated albumin infusion as an aid to postoperative recovery after pelvic exenteration. 175 98

A case of chylous ascites occurring after elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair is described. The patient was initially managed conservatively with hyperalimentation and intermittent drainage of the retroperitoneal collection, but, this proved inadequate and a peritoneo-venous shunt was inserted. Although the shunt appeared to work well the patient finally died of septicaemia.
Eur J Vasc Surg 1991 Dec
PMID:Chylous ascites following aneurysm surgery. 175 87

We previously reported that dog diabetes results in hypercholesterolemia and the accumulation of a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclass, HDL1. Hypercholesterolemic diabetic rodents exhibit hyperphagia, intestinal hypertrophy, and increased intestinal cholesterol synthesis and absorption; intestinal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG) CoA reductase activity is increased, whereas hepatic activity is unchanged or reduced. To determine whether similar mechanisms operate in the hypercholesterolemic diabetic dog, we measured hepatic and intestinal cholesterologenesis. Streptozocin-alloxan-induced diabetic dogs allowed access to food ad libitum were hyperphagic and hypercholesterolemic (10.1 vs. 4.47 mM) but normotriglyceridemic. Plasma HDL1 concentrations were markedly increased. Differences in renal and hepatic function were not statistically significant, except serum alkaline phosphatase, which was elevated 4-fold (P = 0.0003). Urinary mevalonate, an index of whole-body cholesterol synthesis, was increased 6-fold. Intestinal and hepatic weights were both increased, and direct measurements showed crypt and villus thickening. The activity of HMG CoA reductase per gram organ weight was increased 1.7-fold in liver and 2.1-fold in intestine. Calculated whole-organ activity in intestine was nearly twice that in liver. These observations provide strong evidence that intestinal cholesterogenesis is involved in the pathogenesis of hypercholesterolemia in dog diabetes and support the conclusion that increased cholesterol synthesis plays a role in the hypercholesterolemia of diabetes.
Diabetes 1991 Dec
PMID:Intestinal and hepatic cholesterogenesis in hypercholesterolemic dyslipidemia of experimental diabetes in dogs. 175 3

During a 3-week period multiple blood cultures obtained from 14 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit infants and 3 Newborn Unit babies grew Candida guilliermondii, a yeast rarely associated with infections in humans. At the time of detection of positive cultures, most infants had been hospitalized for days or weeks for serious perinatal conditions and treated with antibiotics and intravenous hyperalimentation. Two critically ill premature infants from whom the yeast was isolated were given amphotericin B. In 7 other infants, however, yeasts were recovered on the day of birth, raising the question of pseudofungemia. Exhaustive interrogation on the blood culture practices revealed that when drawing blood for a culture from small infants, "butterfly" needles were often flushed with a diluted heparin solution to prevent blood clotting. Culture of a single lot of diluted heparin vials, prepared at the hospital pharmacy and distributed to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Newborn Unit shortly before the onset of the epidemic, grew between 10,000 and 15,000 colony-forming units of Candida guilliermondii/ml. Removal of contaminated heparin vials and discontinuation of heparinization of needles used for blood cultures resulted in cessation of the epidemic. The present outbreak illustrates the difficulties in recognizing pseudoinfections in sick premature infants and the importance of intensive investigation and intervention during such an outbreak.
Pediatr Infect Dis J 1991 Dec
PMID:Pseudooutbreak of Candida guilliermondii fungemia in a neonatal intensive care unit. 176 9

We characterized the naturalistic feeding patterns of 54 women with bulimia nervosa and 11 matched controls over a continuous 24-hr period in a feeding laboratory. Overall, bulimic women consumed more calories in 24 hr (4446 +/- 584 kcal) than did controls (1845 +/- 649 kcal). Bulimic women consumed a wide range of caloric intake, with 44% overeating and 19% undereating in comparison to the range of controls. In addition, bulimics showed a disruption of circadian feeding patterns. For overeating bulimic women, the majority of meals were of normal size and frequency. Increased caloric intake in the group of overeating bulimic women was mainly due to the fact that 37% of their meals were greater than 1000 calories. Large meals occurred predominantly during the afternoon and evening and consisted primarily of dessert and snack foods. Importantly, the percentage of fat, but not carbohydrates, consumed increased as meal size, and 24-hr caloric intake increased. This study is the first to describe the naturalistic feeding characteristics of a large number of bulimics by direct observation. These findings are consistent with previous self-reports and extend and replicate previous laboratory studies. We think that laboratory studies are a reasonable replica of naturalistic feeding and should facilitate further investigation of the psychological and physiological correlates of feeding behavior in eating disorders.
Biol Psychiatry 1991 Dec 01
PMID:Feeding patterns in bulimia nervosa. 177 27


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