Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Care maps have been used successfully in the adult population. To evaluate the use of these patient care models in the neonatal population, one Level III NICU compared data on 146 infants who ranged in gestational age from 24 to 33 weeks. Nine clinical benchmarks were identified as serving to define the infant's progress. These nine benchmarks were back to birth weight, extubation, discontinuation of hyperalimentation, discontinuation of NCPAP, feeding trial via orogastric tube, weaned to open crib, discontinuation of oxygen, full oral feedings, and discharge home. Gestational age was consistently observed to be the dominant determinant of the infant's readiness to achieve these physiologic tasks. The result of this project is a neonatal care map, based on gestational age. This care map outlines the expected treatment and response of the neonatal patient. It serves as a guide for both clinicians and families.
 ...
PMID:A neonatal care map based on gestational age. 959 99

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) is an uncommon disease manifestation characterized by the presence of air in the bowel wall. PCI is sometimes observed in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis or mixed connective tissue disease but extremely rare in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We here report a patient with SLE who developed PCI after the treatment with intravenous cyclophosphamide (IVCY). This is the first case that association between IVCY and PCI was suggested. A 51-year-old woman with a 24-year history of SLE was admitted to our hospital because of skin ulcers in the lower legs. She had been receiving prednisolone orally. Laboratory findings on the present admission showed a elevated titer of anti-double stranded DNA antibody and positive LE test. She was successfully treated with three pulses of methylprednisolone followed by two IVCY together with vasodilators for her disease activity of SLE including skin manifestation. Just after the second IVCY, abdominal distention was gradually developed without any other abdominal symptoms, including abdominal pain. Abdominal radiography and computed tomography revealed pneumoperitoneum and multiple intramural air collections which involved the ascending colon primarily. Gastrointestinal series, however, showed no evidence of intestinal perforation. The diagnosis of PCI was made radiologically. After she was treated with a combined therapy with intravenous hyperalimentation and breathing with high concentration of oxygen for three weeks, PCI and pneumoperitoneum disappeared. It would be necessary that IVCY is carefully administrated, especially for the patients under the risk of PCI, such as collagen diseases.
 ...
PMID:[Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis associated with intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus]. 978 89

Dieting or a change in eating habits is the most widely used approach aimed at reducing body weight. However, it is also well known that many obese people cannot reduce body weight substantially, no matter how hard they try, and that they soon regain whatever they do lose. The conventional approach to the treatment of obesity is to control it by prohibition or suppression of overeating, and by orders to change eating habits. This paper presented and examined a new psychosomatic approach for obesity (NPAO). Taking the story of "The North Wind and the Sun" from Aesop's Fables as a metaphor, this hypothesis is based on the reduction of overstressors through a "Sun"-type approach as opposed to a "North Wind"-type approach. This "Sun"-type approach, which incorporates 2 principles and 3 basic rules, is useful in decreasing stressors such as prohibition, suppression and orders, and increasing pleasantness, which competes with unpleasant stress. The treatment based on this hypothesis was applied to 77 subjects: 62 men (age 46.2 +/- 8.0 years) and 15 women (age 50.6 +/- 4.5 years). All subjects were given medical checks just before and 6 months after the psychosomatic approach for obesity. For a proportion of cases, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was measured before and after. In the practiced group (48 cases) except for three persons who had stopped the program within 3 months after the start, body weight and body mass index fell significantly by 5.2 kg (p < 0.001) and 2.0 kg/m2 (p < 0.001) respectively, after 6 months. There were significant reductions in total cholesterol and triglyceride (p < 0.01, p < 0.01 respectively). VO2max, however, increased significantly (p < 0.05). The subjects' impressions of this therapy, collected after 6 months were as follows: "It was comfortable" 67.7%, "It was hard going" 8.8%, "My body has become lighter" 79.4%, "I have become more energetic" 70.5%, and "I have become happier" 64.7%. During the period of the therapy, there was no report of any appearance of new physical or mental abnormalities such as fatigue or uncomfortableness. On the other hand, there were no significant changes in any parameters except for an increase of blood sugar in the non-practiced group (26 cases). These results strongly indicate that the NPAO is easy in practice, has a high success rate, shows no rebounding, reduces body weight safely, and results in an increase of vigor.
 ...
PMID:Proposal of a new hypothesis for the psychosomatic treatment of obesity and its application. 1053 2

Multiple trauma, hemorrhage, and sepsis may produce various kinds of shock, and such a host as shock could not be controlled and may easily fall into multiple organ dysfunction. Although those mechanisms on the pathogenesis of these sequential inflammatory responses have been clarified recently, the clinical outcome of such patients suffering from severe sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction is still very low. This inflammatory response against the insult shows a sequential manner; cardiovascular system failure, renal system failure, respiratory system failure, central nervous system failure, and finally, hepatic failure. However, the host response to the insult is a kind of defense against the invasion, and the clinical goal might be to stabilize hemodynamic system, metabolic system, and immunologic system. To achieve hemodynamic homeostasis, we use catecholamines and blood transfusion to improve the oxygen supply to important organs and enhance tissue repair. For metabolic homeostasis, early administration of hyperalimentation may be needed, either parenterally or enterally. Enteral feeding may also provided a route for bacterial translocation. To achieve immunologic homeostasis, prophylactic antibiotic administration and metabolic support may be required and should also protect against infection as a secondary invasion. This review explains these mechanisms in terms of the relationship between shock and organ dysfunction and the general features of clinical management.
 ...
PMID:[Shock and acute organ dysfunction]. 1057 Jul 80

The central melanocortin system has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in energy homeostasis. Genetic disruption of this system causes obesity in both humans and mice. Previous experiments have shown that centrally-administered melanocortin agonists inhibit food intake and stimulate oxygen consumption. Here we report that centrally-administered melanocortin agonists also inhibit basal insulin release, and alter glucose tolerance. Furthermore, increased plasma insulin levels occur in the young lean MC4-R knockout (MC4-RKO) mouse, and impaired insulin tolerance takes place before the onset of detectable hyperphagia or obesity. These data suggest that the central melanocortin system regulates not only energy intake and expenditure, but also processes related to energy partitioning, as indicated by effects on insulin release and peripheral insulin responsiveness. Previous studies emphasize the role of excess adipose mass in the development of tissue insulin resistance, leading to type II diabetes. The data presented here show that defects in the central control of glucose homeostasis may be an additional factor in some types of obesity-associated type II diabetes.
 ...
PMID:The central melanocortin system can directly regulate serum insulin levels. 1096 76

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) acts on the central nervous system to alter energy balance and influence both food intake and sympathetically-mediated thermogenesis. CRH is also reported to inhibit food intake in several models of hyperphagia including neuropeptide Y (NPY)-induced eating. The recently identified CRH-related peptide, urocortin (UCN), also binds with high affinity to CRH receptor subtypes and decreases food intake in food-deprived and non-deprived rats. The present experiment characterized further the feeding and metabolic effects of UCN by examining its impact after direct injections into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. In feeding tests (n=8), UCN (50-200 pmol) was injected into the PVN at the onset of the dark cycle and food intake was measured 1, 2 and 4 h postinjection. In separate rats (n=8), the metabolic effects of UCN were monitored using an open circuit calorimeter which measured oxygen consumption (V(O2)) and carbon dioxide production (V(CO2)). Respiratory quotient (RQ) was calculated as V(CO2)/V(O2). UCN suppressed feeding at all times studied and reliably decreased RQ within 30 min of infusion. Additional work examined the effect of UCN (50-100 pmol) pretreatment on the feeding and metabolic effects of NPY. NPY, injected at the start of the dark period, reliably increased 2 h food intake. This effect was blocked by PVN UCN administration. Similarly, UCN blocked the increase in RQ elicited by NPY alone. These results suggest that UCN-sensitive mechanisms within the PVN may modulate food intake and energy substrate utilization, possibly through an interaction with hypothalamic NPY.
 ...
PMID:Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus injections of urocortin alter food intake and respiratory quotient. 1159 9

Mice with a targeted null mutation of the serotonin 5-HT(2C) receptor gene exhibit hyperphagia that leads to a late-onset obesity. Here we show that oxygen consumption was decreased in fed and fasted obese mutants. No phenotypic differences were observed in uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) mRNA levels in brown adipose tissues and UCP-3 mRNA in skeletal muscle. UCP-2 mRNA levels were significantly increased in white adipose tissue (4-fold) and skeletal muscle (47%) in older obese mutant mice, whereas UCP-2 mRNA in liver are significantly increased in both young lean (54% increase) and older obese (52% increase) mutant mice. In contrast, 5-HT(2C) receptor mutants displayed age-dependent decreases in beta 3-adrenergic receptor (beta 3-AR) mRNA levels in white adipose tissue, however, no such changes were observed in brown adipose tissue. These results indicate that a mutation of 5-HT(2C) receptor gene leads to a secondary decrease in beta 3-AR gene expression that is related to enhanced adiposity.
 ...
PMID:Altered gene expressions involved in energy expenditure in 5-HT(2C) receptor mutant mice. 1215 Sep 39

Acylation-stimulating protein (ASP) acts as a paracrine signal to increase triglyceride synthesis in adipocytes. ASP administration results in more rapid postprandial lipid clearance. In mice, C3 (the precursor to ASP) knockout results in ASP deficiency and leads to reduced body fat and leptin levels. The protective potential of ASP deficiency against obesity and involvement of the leptin pathway were examined in ob/ob C3(-/-) double knockout mice (2KO). Compared with age-matched ob/ob mice, 2KO mice had delayed postprandial triglyceride and fatty acid clearance; associated with decreased body weight (4-17 weeks age: male: -13.7%, female: -20.6%, p < 0.0001) and HOMA (homeostasis model assessment) index (-37.7%), suggesting increased insulin sensitivity. By contrast, food intake in 2KO mice was +9.1% higher over ob/ob mice (p < 0.001, 2KO 5.1 +/- 0.2 g/day, ob/ob 4.5 +/- 0.2 g/day, wild type 2.6 +/- 0.1 g/day). The hyperphagia/leanness was balanced by a 28.5% increase in energy expenditure (oxygen consumption: 2KO, 131 +/- 8.9 ml/h; ob/ob, 102 +/- 4.5 ml/h; p < 0.01; wild type, 144 +/- 8.9 ml/h). These results suggest that the ASP regulation of energy storage may influence energy expenditure and dynamic metabolic balance.
 ...
PMID:Acylation-stimulating protein (ASP) deficiency induces obesity resistance and increased energy expenditure in ob/ob mice. 1224 9

Most depressives suffer from weight loss, anorexia and insomnia, while for winter depressives the typical symptoms are weight gain, carbohydrate craving, overeating, oversleeping and extreme lack of energy. It is important to know whether winter depressives differ from most other depressives on measures of energy regulation. In wintertime, we evaluated the rate of oxygen consumption in relationship to neuro-vegetative depressive symptoms in 92 Siberian women. The seated subjects underwent oxyspirography in the mid-morning (1.5 hours after a standard breakfast). It was found that the oxygen consumption rate was similar in non-depressed women (n = 25) and depressed women with non-seasonal depression (n = 27). The comparatively lower values were obtained in women with winter depression (n = 40). This finding supports the suggestion that the behaviour disturbances typical for winter depression may represent a physiological feedback loop to energy conservation.
 ...
PMID:Rate of oxygen consumption in seasonal and non-seasonal depression. 1247 83

We investigated if agouti-related peptide (AgRP), an endogenous antagonist of melanocortin receptors (MC3-R and MC4-R), effects energy expenditure in rats. Fragments of the carboxyl-terminal, AgRP (83-132), and the amino-terminals, AgRP (25-51) and AgRP (54-82), were administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV). Food intake, body weight and fat weight changes were measured 5 and/or 24 h after a single ICV injection of the fragments. Oxygen consumption and colonic temperature were measured as indices of energy expenditure, during 3 and 24 h after the ICV injections, respectively. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed 24 h after ICV AgRP (83-132) injection. Binding experiments were performed in HEK-293 cells that over-expressed human MC4-R. AgRP (83-132), but not AgRP (25-51) nor AgRP (54-82), induced a potent and long-lasting increase in the cumulative food intake. Both the carboxyl-terminal and amino-terminal AgRP fragments significantly decreased oxygen consumption and colonic temperature. Despite the absence of hyperphagia and cross-reactivities with MC4-R, AgRP (25-51) and AgRP (54-82) significantly increased body weight and epididymal/mesenteric fat weight. AgRP (83-132) did not affect glucose and insulin responses to the oral glucose tolerance test. AgRP causes a potent and long-lasting decrease in energy expenditure; an effect that is exhibited by carboxyl-terminal fragments and amino-terminal fragments that lack antagonist activity at the MC receptors. This suggests that the amino-terminal region of AgRP plays a regulatory role in energy metabolism.
 ...
PMID:Acute intracerebroventricular administration of either carboxyl-terminal or amino-terminal fragments of agouti-related peptide produces a long-term decrease in energy expenditure in rats. 1288 55


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>