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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The effects of feeding a palatable and varied "cafeteria' diet on energy balance were studied in young (5.5 week) and adult (5.5 month) lean male Zucker (+/?) rats. 2. Estimates of metabolizable energy (ME) intake derived from food composition tables were almost identical to values obtained from bomb calorimetry of foods, urine and faeces, and ME intake was elevated by approximately 73% in all "cafeteria' animals compared to stock-fed controls. 3. "Cafeteria' feeding had no effect on the body-weight of young rats but induced excess weight gains in the older animals and resulted in increased deposition of fat and energy in both groups. Energy expenditure, calculated from ME intake and body-energy gain, was elevated by 77 and 57% in young and adult-cafeteria rats respectively. The energy cost of fat deposition could account for only a small proportion of this increased expenditure. 4. The present results confirm previous findings in another strain of rat and show that the increased energy expenditure (i.e. diet-induced thermogenesis, DIT) which occurs in response to hyperphagia is not restricted to young animals but is also seen in older rats. Measurements of resting oxygen consumption after injections of noradrenaline or a beta-adrenergic antagonist (propranolol), and changes in brown adipose tissue mass are consistent with the suggestion that the DIT of "cafeteria'-fed rats results from sympathetic activation of brown fat.
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PMID:Effects of feeding a palatable "cafeteria' diet on energy balance in young and adult lean (+/?) Zucker rats. 695 36

Nursing care of the burned child requires an understanding of the pathophysiology of burn injury, the response of children to burn trauma, the impact of injury on the child and his or her parents, and the child's developmental needs, among others. Immediately following injury, burn shock represents a life-threatening problem. Treatment involves administration of Ringer's lactated solution for the first 24 hours, followed by plasma. Measures to enhance oxygen delivery to tissues are important nursing interventions. Airway damage may also be present and requires prompt assessment and treatment. Sepsis is the major cause of death and morbidity among burn victims. Immaculate care of the burn wound, monitoring for sepsis, and strict infection control procedures are essential. Interrelated with sepsis prevention and wound healing is adequate nutritional management. Diet, enteral hyperalimentation, and parenteral nutritional therapy may be required to meet the child's extraordinary nutritional requirements.
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PMID:Critical care of the child with burns. 703 99

The rise in resting oxygen consumption (VO2) during the 2-3 h following intragastric feeding (50 kJ [12 kcal]) was significantly greater in hyperphagic cafeteria-fed rats and hyperthyroid rats, but was markedly reduced in 3-day fasted and genetically-obese Zucker rats, compared to their respective stock-fed controls. In control and hyperthyroid animals this response was almost completely abolished by administration of propranolol. In another group of rats, resting VO/ was elevated by 8 per cent after 12 h of cafeteria feeding and was maximally increased by 20 per cent after 2.5 days on the diet. In rats previously cold-adapted (15 days at 5 degrees C) the maximal response (20 per cent) to cafeteria feeding was seen after only 12 h on the diet. These results suggest that the acute thermic response to food involves a sympathetic activation of thermogenesis, similar to that induced by chromic hyperphagia and cold-exposure, and can be influenced by genetic background plane of nutrition and thyroidal status.
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PMID:Factors influencing the acute effect of food on oxygen consumption in the rat. 706 15

The aim of this work was to assess the participation of the sympathetic nervous system in the thermogenic response to food in control and hyperphagic rats. Rats were fed either a control (CD) or energy dense (ED) diet. After 15 days, CD rats received a small (7 kJ) meal composed of either control or energy dense diet, while ED rats received a small meal composed of energy dense diet. The experiment was then repeated, with the exception that rats received a larger portion (35 kJ) of the test meal. The postprandial increase in oxygen consumption was measured for 30 min after the small meal and 90-180 min after the completion of the large meal. The measurements were made in saline-injected and propranolol-injected rats. ED rats exhibited hyperphagia as well as an increase of 32% in resting metabolic rate after a 16 h fast. The sympathetically-mediated postprandial increase in oxygen consumption was greater after an energy dense meal than after a control meal in CD rats, and was higher in ED rats than in CD rats fed an energy dense meal. It was concluded that the sympathetically-mediated increase in the thermogenic response to food, as well as the increase in fasting metabolic rate can help prevent obesity development in hyperphagic rats.
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PMID:Sympathetically-mediated thermogenic response to food in rats. 773 45

Since 1983 we have been involved in the diagnostic work-up and emergency treatment of a female patient now 48 years old who has a mitochondrial myopathy resembling Luft's disease. The syndrome was first described in 1959, and in more detail in 1962, by Luft and et al., who reported a picture of hypermetabolism with high temperature, extreme sweating, tachycardia, dyspnoea at rest, polydipsia, polyphagia and irritability but normal thyroid function. In 1971 and 1976 Haydar and Di Mauro presented a second case and proposed treatment with chloramphenicol. Our patient has the third case of the syndrome reported so far: her case was initially published in 1987. CASE REPORT. Since her 17th year of life the patient had suffered from episodes of fever, tachycardia and sweating. At the age of 32 these attacks worsened, leading to unconsciousness and apnoea. The patient then had to be intubated, ventilated and sometimes resuscitated. The diagnosis of MH susceptibility and Luft's disease was made on biochemical grounds after the first muscle biopsy in 1983. Therapy with chloramphenicol failed. Therapy with beta blockers, vitamin C and K or E, coenzyme Q10 and a high-caloric diet was started in 1985. The patient was registered with an emergency service, which flew her to our ICU whenever she had a severe crisis. For milder episodes she was supplied with an oxygen breathing mask at home. Myalgia increased with the episodes starting in 1988, and the patient needed dantrolene infusions and analgesics at home. To facilitate venepuncture a Port-A-Cath system was implanted in 1987, which had to be removed four times due to infection and sepsis. A muscle biopsy was taken in Rotterdam, which revealed differences in mitochondrial function from the biochemical findings recorded in 1983 and not in keeping with Luft's disease. Unfortunately, the patient was not able to undergo further metabolic investigations or therapeutic trials. ANAESTHESIA. The patient received three local and six general anaesthetics in our clinic. The muscle biopsies, two in 1983 and one in 1985, were performed under local infiltration with procaine and were uneventful. The general anaesthetics were carried out without MH trigger substances following pretreatment with dantrolene for the following surgical procedures: the repair of an extensive arterio-venous fistula between the brachiocephalicus trunk and the right jugular and subclavian vein, revision of the sternum cerclage, implantations and explanations of infectious Port-A-Cath systems. We used etomidate, propofol and fentanyl or alfentanil with nitrous oxide and oxygen for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. Muscle relaxation was induced with vecuronium or atracurium. All cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic and temperature measurements stayed in normal ranges. After the extensive vascular repair (av fistula) the patient had to be mechanically ventilated for some hours until normal body temperature was restored. At the end of all other periods of anaesthesia she was extubated in the operating theatre. In five cases the postoperative period was uneventful. Only once she developed a crisis with hyperthermia, tachycardia, sweating and dyspnoea. INTENSIVE CARE. From 1985 to 1992 the patient was treated in our ICU 21 times. On 11 occasions she was already intubated and being ventilated by the emergency service on arrival. Extubation was usually possible within 2-20 h. During the crisis, heart rate was about 160-190 per minute and temperature above 40 degrees C. Serum values of CK, glucose, BUN, electrolytes, lactate and thyroid hormones were always in the normal ranges. Blood gas controls showed a constant respiratory alkalosis, arterial pCO2 values decreasing to 20 mm Hg or less. In addition to mechanical ventilation, treatment consisted in dantrolene infusions and droperidol injections, supplemented from 1989 onward with piritramide injections because of the increased severity of myalgia. In 1991 we gave propofol by
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PMID:[Anesthesia and intensive therapy for a patient with mitochondrial myopathy]. 825 Feb 6

We describe here an experience of successful treatment of systemic sclerosis (SSc) complicated with various gastrointestinal (GI) problems including pneumoperitoneum, pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis and malabsorption syndrome. A 35-year-old female had developed selerodactyly since February, 1990. She had been treated under the diagnosis of SSc at other hospital. She had required several hospitalizations because of nausea, vomitting and abdominal distension, but her GI symptoms had gradually deteriorated. In April 1993, she was referred to our hospital and admitted for the treatment of her GI problems. On admission, she had systemic cutaneous sclerosis and marked abdominal distension without peritoneal signs was recognized. Chest and abdominal roentgenograms demonstrated massive free air under the diaphragm, marked dilation of small and large bowels, and multiple intestinal cysts (pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis ; PCI). We treated her GI problems with various modalities combined with medications, oxygen breathing, intravenous hyperalimentation and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Pneumoperitoneum and PCI had disappeared after 8 courses of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and her GI symptoms had been well controled by intravenous hyper alimentation. Thereafter, she has been on intermittent parenteral nutrition through subcutaneous port inplantation. During the courses of this treatment, she developed an episode of Wernicke-Kolsakoff (W-K) syndrome which was considered to associate with malabsorption syndrome. The W-K syndrome had recovered by intravenous administration of vitamin B1.
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PMID:[Systemic sclerosis with various gastrointestinal problems including pneumoperitoneum, pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis and malabsorption syndrome]. 872 Feb 72

A 61-year-old man with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus had a tooth extracted. Nine days later, he was admitted to the hospital with complaints of high fever, dyspnea, and anterior chest pain. Physical examination revealed a drowsy man with a fever of 38.2 degrees C, blood pressure of 66/44 mmHg, and marked redness and swelling from the neck to anterior part of the chest. Laboratory examination indicated severe infection and multiple organ failure, consisting of cardiac, respiratory, renal, and hepatic failure, with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Chest X-ray and CT-scan films showed abscesses extending from the neck to the mediastinum, and bilateral pleural effusion. Immediately, he was treated with catecholamines, furosemide, mechanical ventilation with a high concentration of oxygen, continuous drainage, repeated skin incisions, and broad-spectrum antibiotics. In addition, steroid pulse therapy was administered for persistent respiratory failure. On the 28th hospital day, a fistula developed between the trachea and the mediastinum, and an intratracheal tube had to be inserted through the fistula. On the 212 th hospital day, after intravenous hyperalimentation, continuous intravenous insulin infusion, and administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, catecholamines, and furosemide, the patient was weaned from mechanical ventilation. A restrictive ventilatory defect due to ankylosis and atrophy of underused muscles was noted after weaning, but the PaO2 was high with a low dose of oxygen (1 to 2 l/min), and 21 months later, the blood gases were normal while the patient was breathing room air. As of January, 1996, he was undergoing rehabilitation to promote his recovery from ankylosis, muscle atrophy, and speech dysfunction.
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PMID:[Recovery from descending necrotizing mediastinitis and multiple organic failure after seven months of mechanical ventilation]. 893 49

In critically ill neonates the risk associated with rapid changes in oxygen saturation is high. Thus effective means of monitoring blood oxygen saturation is essential. While pulse oximetry is appealing because it is noninvasive and in general it correlates well with arterial blood gases (ABG), some concerns remain about its accuracy in certain circumstances. An extensive review of the literature of pulse oximetry revealed several conditions in adults that may affect the accuracy, including: anemia, low pulse pressure, and elevated lipids. Less research has been done with children and neonates. This study examined pulse oximetry and ABG values in critically ill neonates. Ninety-three sampling events were used to examine the effects of the following variables on the accuracy of pulse oximetry in the neonate: gestational age, chronological age, diagnosis, anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, hyperalimentation, lipid infusions, inotropic agents. For several of these variables (anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, hyperalimentation, lipid infusion, inotropic drugs), correlations between pulse oximetry and ABG values were low, raising concerns about the use of pulse oximetry in the critically ill neonate.
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PMID:Pulse oximeter in the neonatal ICU: a correlational analysis. 908 88

The mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP) in the mitochondrial inner membrane of mammalian brown adipose tissue generates heat by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. This process protects against cold and regulates energy balance. Manipulation of thermogenesis could be an effective strategy against obesity. Here we determine the role of UCP in the regulation of body mass by targeted inactivation of the gene encoding it. We find that UCP-deficient mice consume less oxygen after treatment with a beta3-adrenergic-receptor agonist and that they are sensitive to cold, indicating that their thermoregulation is defective. However, this deficiency caused neither hyperphagia nor obesity in mice fed on either a standard or a high-fat diet. We propose that the loss of UCP may be compensated by UCP2, a newly discovered homologue of UCP; this gene is ubiquitously expressed and is induced in the brown fat of UCP-deficient mice.
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PMID:Mice lacking mitochondrial uncoupling protein are cold-sensitive but not obese. 913 19

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of ventromedial hypothalamus lesions on the thermogenic changes that follow food intake. Four groups of six Sprague-Dawley male rats were used. Under anesthesia with pentobarbital, the animals in the first and second groups received lesions at the ventromedial hypothalamus, and animals in the third and fourth groups received sham lesions. Body weight and food intake were monitored daily until the experimental procedure began. Twenty days after lesion, oxygen consumption, firing rate of sympathetic nerves to interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT), and IBAT temperature were monitored for 45 min both before and after 5 g food intake in 24 h fasted rats from the first and third groups. The same variables were measured in the animals of the second and fourth groups 50 days after receiving the lesions. Lesion placements were histologically verified. The results showed that lesions produced hyperphagia and obesity. Firing rate of nerves to IBAT, IBAT temperature, and oxygen consumption increased after food intake in sham-lesioned rats. This increase was significantly reduced by the lesion at both the 20- and 50-day time points. These findings indicate that the ventromedial hypothalamus controls postingestional activation of sympathetic discharge to IBAT. The reduction of postingestional thermogenesis could be involved in the development of obesity induced by lesion of the ventromedial hypothalamus.
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PMID:Lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus reduce postingestional thermogenesis. 914 38


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