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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An investigation has been made with regard to the clinical picture of 87 terminally ill patients with lung cancer. It has yielded the following points. 1) Seven patients had been informed of their diagnosis. 2) Intravenous hyperalimentation was administered in 78 cases (90%), oxygen therapy in 68 cases (78%), and morphine in 35 cases (40%). 3) The most frequent cause of death in these patients was respiratory failure, due to progress of cancer, then infection, pleural, or pericardial effusion, or interstitial pneumonitis. 4) Psychic disturbances involved anxiety over breathing, depression, and delirium. In only 12% of the patients did the mental condition seem normal until death. 5) To deal with the dying patient's needs, it is necessary to establish proper treatment for the control of sensory dyspnea and for psychosocial support by a psychiatrist and other professionals for members of the family.
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PMID:[The clinical picture of terminally ill patients with lung cancer]. 250 34

The cardiovascular and metabolic responses to severe head injury were studied in the acute phase after severe head injury with the object of determining if a common response was present and, if so, its significance in the management of the patients' intracranial and systemic physiological states. The cardiovascular response to head injury was studied by measurement of cardiac output, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, arterial blood pressure, arterial and mixed venous blood gases and arterial and mixed venous epinephrine and norepinephrine serially in 15 patients during the first three days after injury. A hyperdynamic state was found characterized by increased cardiac output and cardiac work, moderate hypertension, tachycardia, decreased or normal systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, increased pulmonary shunting and increased oxygen delivery and utilisation. Arterial E and NE levels correlated well with the cardiac output, cardiac work, blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen delivery, and oxygen utilization but not with vascular resistance or pulmonary shunt. The magnitude of the hyperdynamic state did not correlate with intracranial pressure, Glasgow Coma Score, or findings on CT scan. The metabolic response to head injury was studied by measurement of resting metabolic expenditure (RME) in 14 comatose head-injured patients in the first nine days after injury. During this period patients were fed with a continuous parenteral infusion of a formula containing 2 Kcal/cc and 10 mg nitrogen/liter. Indirect calorimetry was carried out for 102 patient-days. The mean resting metabolic expenditure (RME) for nonsedated, nonparalyzed patients was 138 +/- 37% of that expected for a non-injured resting person of equivalent age, sex, and body surface area. Nitrogen excretion was measured for 109 patient-days. The mean excretion was 20.2 +/- 6.4 mg/day. The mean protein caloric contribution was 23.9 +/- 6.7% and was greater than 25% for six patients, compared to normal values of 10-15%. Despite hyperalimentation, positive nitrogen balance for any 3-day period was achieved in only seven patients, and required replacement of 161% to 240% of RME with the parenterally administered formula. Head-injured patients had a metabolic response similar to that reported for patients with burns of 20-40% of the body surface.
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PMID:Cardiovascular and metabolic responses to severe head injury. 281 17

Captive dormice (Glis glis) showed spontaneous cyclical fluctuations in body weight that were not synchronous between animals and not directly related to season. Presenting the animals with a varied and palatable (cafeteria) diet for short periods caused marked increases in energy intake and body weight, and higher levels of oxygen consumption (V02). The level of hyperphagia was fairly constant, but the rise in V02 during cafeteria feeding varied (20-80%) according to season, being greatest in the winter (Nov.-Jan.). Removal of the cafeteria foods caused weight loss, hypophagia and a fall in V02 to levels below that seen in either normally-fed or fasted dormice. This hypometabolism was associated with increased periods of sleep and torpor, and it is suggested that the excess fat deposition resulting from cafeteria feeding may have induced a transient "hibernation-like" state.
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PMID:Spontaneous and experimental variations in body weight, food intake and metabolic rate in captive dormice (Glis glis). 287 68

Rats fed a cafeteria diet to produce hyperphagia showed increases in the maximal thermogenic responses (rise in oxygen consumption) to isoprenaline (mixed beta-agonist), prenalterol (beta 1-selective agonist) and clenbuterol (beta 2-agonist), and left-shifts in the dose-response curves to the latter two. The maximal response to phenylephrine (alpha-agonist) was similar for control and cafeteria rats. Ligand binding studies revealed increases in beta-adrenoceptor density of 33-38% in brown fat cells and isolated membranes from cafeteria-fed rats, but a 30% reduction in beta-receptors in heart membranes. Cold-adaptation caused a 22% reduction in beta-receptor density in brown fat membranes, but no change in heart. The ratio of beta 1/beta 2-receptors in brown fat was reduced from 59/45 in control to 47/54 in cafeteria-fed rats, but was not significantly altered in heart (58/44) or in brown fat from cold-adapted animals (64/30). alpha-Adrenoceptor density was increased above control values by 69 and 25% in brown adipose tissue from cafeteria and cold-adapted rats, respectively.
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PMID:Thermogenic responses to adrenoceptor agonists and brown fat adrenoceptors in overfed rats. 301 44

Necrotizing fasciitis is a serious life-threatening disease. A series of 11 patients with this disease is described, with emphasis on clinical diagnosis, initiating factors, associated diseases, etiologic pathogens and treatment. The following conclusions can be drawn from this report: Escherichia coli was the most prominent single pathogen, hyperbaric oxygen did not show any added beneficial effect, and diabetes mellitus did not affect morbidity and mortality. There is no doubt that aggressive and radical surgical excision and repeated debridement, combined with i.v. antibiotics and hyperalimentation, are essential to achieve a favorable outcome in this fulminant disease.
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PMID:Necrotizing fasciitis: early awareness and principles of treatment. 315 22

The autoperfused heart-lung preparation was developed as a method for extending the acceptable donor-to-recipient interval in clinical heart-lung transplantation. Metabolic substrate enhancement has been shown to be necessary for the survival and homeostasis of the functioning preparation. To define basic metabolic requirements and to determine the resting energy expenditure of the working canine heart-lung preparation, two groups were studied. Ten canine heart-lung blocks were placed in a normothermic autoperfusion circuit. In Group 1 (n = 5), a hyperalimentation solution of balanced substrate was infused (15% dextrose, 4.25% amino acids, 8 meq magnesium sulfate, 30 IU/dl insulin, and 10% lipids). In Group 2 (n = 5), no substrate was given. The preparations were ventilated with a mixture of room air and 5% CO2 at a rate of 4 breaths/min to maintain physiological pH. Myocardial function was assessed by cardiac output determinations and mixed venous gases. Pulmonary function was assessed with arterial blood gases. The oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) were measured with a Metabolic Cart, and the resting energy expenditure was calculated. The mean survival time for Group 1 was 360 minutes, and all preparations were terminated electively. The mean survival time for Group 2 was 219 +/- 43 minutes (p less than 0.01) with congestive heart failure as the common terminal event. All parameters of cardiac function and blood gases remained within physiological limits without significant differences between groups. The resting energy expenditure, a measure of metabolic rate, was 2.5 +/- 0.3 kcal/hr in Group 1 and 1.0 +/- 0.2 in Group 2 at termination (mean +/- SD) (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Energy expenditure of autoperfusing heart-lung preparation. 318 Mar 88

Metabolic responses to 20 days of overeating were examined in five healthy volunteers. Overfeeding caused a variable increase (1-18%) in basal metabolic rate but no change in metabolic rate during light exercise. Postprandial resting metabolic rate was 8-40% higher (mean 18%) during overeating. The increase in oxygen consumption during a norepinephrine infusion was the same before (20 +/- 2%) and after (17 +/- 3%) overfeeding. Overfeeding elevated basal insulin concentrations in all subjects and increased the insulin response to intravenous glucose in four of five subjects. Overfeeding did not significantly alter mean serum T3 concentrations or erythrocyte 86Rb uptake (an index of Na+,K+-ATPase activity). These data do not confirm reports that overfeeding increases metabolic rate more during exercise than during rest. They also suggest that the increase in resting metabolic rate during overfeeding is not caused by increased responsiveness to norepinephrine or increased serum T3 concentrations.
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PMID:Some metabolic effects of overeating in man. 353 42

The object of the study was to determine the relative effects of hyperphagia and diet composition on energy balance and thermogenic activity in rats fed highly palatable cafeteria diets. Three types of diet were used: a pelleted stock diet, a cafeteria diet composed of a variety of human food items, and semisynthetic diets with nutrient compositions similar to the stock and cafeteria diets. Feeding rats a high-fat semisynthetic diet (similar to the cafeteria diet) at a energy intake equivalent to that of stock-fed controls (approximately 2.5 times maintenance) resulted in greater body energy gains and energetic efficiencies. These effects were probably due to the reduced energy costs of fat synthesis associated with high-fat diets. No effect of dietary composition on body energy gain was seen in animals fed below 2.5 times maintenance. Animals fed four cafeteria food items each day, or the high-fat semisynthetic diet, at 2.5 times maintenance showed significantly greater thermogenic responses to norepinephrine, increased brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass, and greater BAT mitochondrial GDP binding than controls on the same intake. Injection of propranolol reduced oxygen consumption in all groups, but the effect was greater in animals on higher intakes and was highest in the cafeteria groups. Thus, increasing fat intake, either by presenting cafeteria food items or by feeding a high-fat semisynthetic diet at the same level of intake as controls, stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and BAT activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Energy balance and brown fat activity in rats fed cafeteria diets or high-fat, semisynthetic diets at several levels of intake. 399 May 62

The rate of oxygen consumption was measured in 2-day Zucker preobese (fa/fa), homozygous (Fa/Fa) lean, and lean rats of unknown genotype (Fa/?) over the ambient temperature range of 26-35 degrees C. Significant differences in body mass were found among the three groups at this early age, the preobese pups having the greatest body mass. To account for body mass differences, the oxygen consumption data were expressed in terms of metabolic body size (ml O2 consumed X g body mass-2/3 X h-1). This mass-independent rate of oxygen consumption was significantly lower in the preobese pups than in the homozygous lean (Fa/Fa) pups at both thermoneutral (33-34 degrees C) and cold (26-27 degrees C) ambient temperatures at which, respectively, minimal and maximal rates of oxygen consumption were observed. This reduction in energy expenditure occurs before the establishment of hyperphagia or decreased levels of activity in the preobese pups. These data support the view that attenuated energy expenditure is a significant contributor to the early development of obesity in the Zucker fatty rat and point to the possibility of defective brown adipose tissue-mediated thermogenesis in the preobese pup.
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PMID:Energy expenditure is reduced in preobese 2-day Zucker fa/fa rats. 402 82

Nine patients with severe sepsis were studied to determine causes for any alterations in oxygen dissociation. Seven of the patients had oxyhemoglobin curves shifted to the left of expected and diminished DPG levels. These deficiences were not corrected in one case. The other eight patients survived or expired with normal to elevated P(50T) and DPG levels. In this study, three factors occurring either individually, in concordance, or in sequence were present when P(50T) was decreased. Correction of these deficiencies lead to normalization and, in one case, exceedingly high P(50T) and DPG levels. Where hypophosphatemia, acidosis, and transfusion of DPG deficient blood were avoided, no such change occurred. Hypophosphatemia is a common occurrence in the seriously ill patient whether or not hyperalimentation is used and may occur in spite of phosphate supplementation. Blood transfusions with CPD as the preservative are effective in reducing the severity of this disorder by the addition of an inorganic phosphate load. Septic shock itself had no untoward effect on oxygen dissociation. This held true even in the terminal stages of the disease process.
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PMID:The left shifted oxyhemoglobin curve in sepsis: a preventable defect. 484 83


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