Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis may cause excessive nutritional deficits as a consequence of inadequate intake, excessive losses, impaired absorption and increased metabolic requirements. This fact also influences the prognosis of medical and surgical treatment. Parenteral hyperalimentation or the combination of parenteral nutrition with a synthetic "space diet" lowers the risks of surgical treatment; other purposes are promoting positive nitrogen balances and weight gain as well as closure of enterocutaneous fistulas.
 ...
PMID:[Parenteral-peroral combined treatement of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis]. 82 60

Influence of the infusion of amino acid solutions on metabolic changes caused by parenteral nutrition with fructose. In eleven unconscious polytraumatized patients of the intensive care station, intravenous infusions with fructose (0.5 g/kg bodyweight and hour) were performed. During the last 24 hours of the 72 hours infusion period, amino acid solutions (1.0 g/kg bodyweight and 24 hours) were given in addition to fructose. The investigations were initiated after an eight hour "starvation period" preinfusion. During this time only electrolytes were given. For comparison 48 hours intravenous infusions with fructose (0.5 g/kg B.W. and hour) were performed with six healthy volunteers. In both groups of subjects the intravenous fructose was metabolized very well, renal losses were less than 2% of the whole amount given. Considering the metabolic healthy volunteers, the blood glucose concentration remained unaltered despite the high dosage carbohydrate infusion. The patients of the intensive care station showed a slight increase of blood glucose values which were elevated already before infusion. Additionally, during fructose infusions, the increase in blood lactate concentration was more pronounced in the intensive care patients than in healthy volunteers. However, in contrast to the healthy volunteers, no increase in serum bilirubin concentration and only a slight increase in serum uric acid concentration was observed in the intensive care patients, despite the high-dose fructose infusion for 72 hours. Additionally, the fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemia was of a minor degree in the intensive care patients. In volunteers the increase in triglyceride concentration was 200% in 48 hours, whereas only a 50% increase was observed in intensive care patients during 72 hours. The pronounced nitrogen sparing effect of fructose in healthy volunteers was not seen in the intensive care patients to the same degree. The most prominent side effect of the fructose infusions in intensive care patients was the strong decrease in serum phosphate concentration seen in some patients. The additional infusion of amino acid solutions lead to a further diminution of the slight alterations caused by fructose infusions. In conclusion, it can be stated that total parenteral nutrition with fructose and amino acid solutions is possible in intensive care patients without danger of side effects. However, it should be mnetioned that hyperalimentation can cause fatty liver.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of amino acid infusions on fructose-induced chemical blood changes in intensive care patients]. 82 61

The present paper described the technique of intravenous hyperalimentation applied to a group of 100 surgical patients. A specially prepared diet supplying a high amount of calories, using hypertonic glucose and supplying nitrogen, using polypeptides or aminoacid solutions, was infused into the superior vena cava. The inhibition of digestive secretions, during the period of hyperalimentation, was used in the management of 19 patients with intestinal and pancreatic fistulae. The general conclusion reached after wide clinical experience was that by supplying energy and nitrogen to a patient in a severe catabolic state, a significant and sometimes dramatic capacity could be developed which allowed him to overcome difficult conditions and even initiated a reversal of the metabolic balance in the direction of anabolism. The regimen should be adopted in the preoperative preparation of debilitated patients; in hypercatabolic states (post-trauma, post-surgery or burns); in gastrointestinal, granulomatous or infectious diseases; in acute pancreatitis; in digestive fistulae; in oncological conditions, and so on. The metabolic and infective complications can be pregressively decreased and eventually prevented by proper handling and strict metabolic monitoring. The use of this hyperalimentation was extremely encouraging, and on many occasions we had the impression that it was life saving.
 ...
PMID:Intravenous hyperalimentation in the management of the critically ill patient, with special reference to abdominal fistulae. 82 16

Very frequently in acute and chronic pancreatitis, the surgical treatment is indispensable. The disease itself is accompanied by metabolic disturbances, protein deficiency, hepatic lesion, by diabetes and malabsorption syndrome. Following the laboratory parameters we were able to perform partial or total hyperalimentation, correction of acid-base dis-equilibrium and to obtain the positive nitrogen balance, and in this way keep the patients in optimal conditions pre- and postoperatively.
 ...
PMID:[Metabolic disorders and current treatment of the surgical patient with pancreatitis]. 85 52

Obesity is one of the most common prosperity diseases. As a consequence of this disease there is a decrease in the expectation of life. Obesity is bascially caused by overeating. The low-caloric reducing diets are differentiated into a low-fat and high-carbohydrate form, and into a carbohydrate-free and high-fat diet. The metabolic advantages and the disadvantages of these two forms of low-caloric diets are discussed with respect to starvation metabolism. It is assumed that without ketoacidosis, at least 100-140 g glucose per day are required to meet the energetic demands of the central nervous system. Since the conversion rate of protein to glucose is about 2:1, during a carbohydrate-free diet about 200-260 g of protein per day would be necessary to meet the glucose requirements of the organism. As such a high-protein supply with food is almost impossible, ketogenesis in the liver must take place as a sort of "glucose-sparing mechanism". Only under these conditions, the otherwise extreme nitrogen catabolism can be avoided during an almost carbohydrate-free diet. However, using a fat-free (600 kcal) diet it is possible to furnish the glucose requirements of the central nervous system by the food supply. Therefore, a compensatory ketoacidosis is not required. Additionally, the fat-free diet does not contain cholesterol. In this way, the hypercholesterinemia which is a common feature in obesity is favourably influenced by the absence of foods of animal origin. Therefore, within a short period a marked decrease in serum cholesterol concentration results by the high-carbohydrate diet. The same is true for the concentration of free fatty acids and serum triglycerides. It is concluded that the high-carbohydrate low-caloric diet is suited best for reduction of body weight.
 ...
PMID:[Nutrition physiological aspects in the treatment of obesity]. 125 23

By means of random sampling we selected 149 cases with over 30% TBSA burn (> 10% full-thickness) for evaluation of nutriment supplementation during treatment. We analysed daily caloric supply, nitrogen balance, amount of blood transfusion, Hb, A/G, transferrin, leukocyte, lymphocyte, IgG, Fn and body weight. The data support our impression that hyperalimentation can promote wound healing and raise the survival rate.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of nutritional in 149 severely burned patients]. 130 50

An investigation was carried out of the metabolic processes, and some procedures for standardizing them, for patients with severe burns receiving uniformly distributed dosified high-calorie catheter alimentation, i.e. enteral hyperalimentation, in addition to the hospital's daily diet. Fifteen types of mixtures of Combustal were used, made and preserved ad hoc, and two commercial probe alimentation liquid products--Biosorbin-MCT (Pfrimmer-Kabi) and Fresubin (Fresenius AG). The average period taken to normalize the nitrogen balance was sixteen days counted from commencement of hyperalimentation. While it shifted the nitrogen balance figures from negative to positive, it was also seen to reduce A and C phospholipase activities in serum, while the level of excretion of nitrogenated amino acids and creatine remained high. During this time, pseudocholinesterase activity dropped, with the concentration of fibronectine in serum, which indicates low levels of biosynthetic processes and insufficiency in the reticuloendothelial system. The average value for the determination of lipids in general remained normal throughout the catheter feeding period. To ensure complete normalization of the metabolic process in patients suffering severe burns, enteral hyperalimentation must be extended for at least one month.
 ...
PMID:[The correction of metabolic disorders in severely burned patients by enteral hyperalimentation]. 147 52

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has become a mainstay of modern neonatal care for the increasing population of premature infants who survive their initial pulmonary disease. As with other advances in neonatal therapy, hyperalimentation has associated complications and limitations, primary among them its toxicity to the liver. The basic pathologic lesion is bile cholestasis which is probably multifactorial in etiology. Amino acid solutions, excessive calorie-to-nitrogen ratios, and deficient trace elements and antioxidants have all been implicated in this process. Total parenteral nutrition-cholestasis can progress to portal fibrosis and irreversible cirrhosis if long-term hyperalimentation is required. Most at-risk for this iatrogenic condition are those premature infants less than 1500 g birth weight who are exposed to TPN for longer than two weeks. Enteral feedings providing as little as 10 percent of caloric intake are beneficial, and the prognosis for recovery is good once enteral feedings are established.
 ...
PMID:Hyperalimentation associated hepatotoxicity in the newborn. 156 68

To investigate the efficiency of protein and carbohydrate absorption, we studied malnourished and well-nourished subjects during the first 72 hours of tube feeding. We furthermore investigated whether differences in absorptive efficiency existed between malnourished patients with and without nongastrointestinal malignancy. Twenty-one subjects starting tube feeding without edema or major organ failure and not on antibiotics (well-nourished controls = 7; malnourished = 7; malnourished with nongastrointestinal malignancy = 7) received 50 kcal/hr Osmolite continuously for 72 hours. Twelve of these subjects completed an additional 48 hours of study where they received 125 kcal/hr continuously. We performed hydrogen breath tests to assess carbohydrate absorption and determined stool nitrogen content to assess protein absorption. We also measured frequency of defecation, stool weight, and stool moisture content. The results of these tests failed to reveal statistically significant differences between the three groups in terms of protein and carbohydrate absorption, as well as failed to demonstrate the presence of diarrhea. We conclude that patients receiving an isoosmolar diet who are malnourished, or malnourished with nongastrointestinal malignancy, absorb carbohydrate and protein as well as well-nourished patients during enteral hyperalimentation.
 ...
PMID:Protein and carbohydrate absorptive efficiency of chronically malnourished and well-nourished patients during enteral feeding initiation. 190 23

Early intravenous (IV) hyperalimentation was used in seven patients who had peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Results were compared with those in a control group of seven nonperitonitis CAPD patients. Nitrogen balance was measured to determine whether this therapy was effective in nutritional maintenance during an episode of peritonitis. IV nutrition accounted for 70% to 80% of nitrogen intake. Caloric intake was similar in both groups (34 and 32 calories/d/kg). The control group received 22 g/d of nitrogen and the peritonitis group 17 g/d (P less than 0.05). Nitrogen losses in dialysate were 12.6 g/d in the control group and 13.6 g/d in the peritonitis group. The mean nitrogen balance (intake - output) was 9.5 g/d in controls and 3.7 g/d in the peritonitis group.
 ...
PMID:Nutritional support during peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis. 211 87


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>