Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Solutions of crystalline amino acids infused without dextrose produce a marked improvement in nitrogen balance. Increasing the infusion level of amino acid from 1.0 to 1.7 grams per kilogram further improves nitrogen balance. The addition of dextrose to the amino acid solutions did not affect nitrogen balance and proved that the role of insulin during protein sparing has been overemphasized. Nitrogen balance is slightly, but not significantly, superior when nonprotein dextrose calories are administered. However, amino acid solutions are isotonic and can be infused peripherally, whereas adding dextrose doubles the concentration and renders peripheral infusion more difficult. Protein sparing may be useful for short term nutritional support when the potential risks of total parenteral hyperalimentation are not justified. Endogenous body fat is mobilized. Hence, protein sparing also prevents the development of fatty acid deficiency and may be useful in treating fatty infiltration of the liver. Protein sparing provides suboptimal caloric replacement and should only be used for temporary nutritional support until oral alimentation is resumed or until there is an absolute indication for intravenous hyperalimentation. Expense and the fact that most patients do well after elective abdominal operations militate against the proposition that amino acids should become a routine substitute for 5 per cent dextrose therapy post-operatively.
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PMID:The current status of protein sparing. 40 22

The effects of malnutrition and hyperalimentation on wound healing were studied in rats. Progressive weight loss occurred in rats given a protein-free diet, and there was a significant reduction in the mechanical strength of sutured skin and abdominal wounds in rats starved of protein for seven weeks. There was also a significant, but less pronounced, reduction in the tensile strength of colonic anastomoses in severely malnourished rats. Malnourished rats given oral supplements of amino acids for seven days before and after operation had a consistently positive nitrogen balance, and these rats had a significantly higher daily caloric intake than did untreated and normal rats. Amino acid therapy was associated with a significant improvement in the tensile strength and collagen content of abdominal wounds, but it had no measurable effect on the healing of skin wounds or colonic anastomoses. The results suggest that visceral and parietal tissues do not respond in a uniform manner to malnutrition or hyperalimentation, and further studies are required to determine whether or not hyperalimentation has a useful role in the enhancement of wound healing in malnourished subjects.
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PMID:Effects of malnutrition and hyperalimentation on wound healing. 41 61

A complete remission of widely metastatic bladder carcinoma was obtained with chemotherapy in a 41-year-old man. Severe persistent anorexia led to a 33% weight loss. The anorexia correlated with an elevated sucrose recognition threshold. Following 16 days of intravenous hyperalimentation, taste sensation returned to normal, anorectic symptoms cleared, and weight gain and positive nitrogen balance resulted. There was no stimulation of tumor growth. Restoration of nutritional deficits with intravenous hyperalimentation can improve taste function and appetite so that adequate oral alimentation can be tolerated.
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PMID:Correction of taste abnormality of malignancy with intravenous hyperalimentation. 41 88

The catabolic effect of bilateral lesions in the ventromedial are of the hypothalamus (VMH) was studied in nitrogen-balance experiments and compared with the effect of a sham-operation in control animals. A transitory (24 h) increase in urine nitrogen was found in the controls, while in the lesioned animals, a persistent increase was found as long as the animals were fed. Fasting (48 h) eliminated the difference in urea excretion between the groups. Food-dependent effects of the VMH lesion are suggested. The changes in body and organ composition of VMH-lesioned animals, kept for 4 months on a food intake close to normal, were studied. The massive increase of body lipids and marked decrease of body protein and water was primarily due to increased subcutaneous-and abdominal-fat, and reduced skeletal and skin protein. An almost normal composition of the liver and close to normal amounts of protein in the viscera demonstrate that at least some tissues in VMH animals are able to maintain a normal protein content. Hyperphagia as a means to counteract the increased amino acid catabolism and to sustain the lean body mass is discussed.
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PMID:Protein depletion and energy retention in rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions. 61 11

Issuing from the present state of the influence of the basic nutritive substances (protein, fat, carbohydrates) and various nutritive factors discussed again and again (cholesterol, erucaic acid, sodium, calcium/magnesium quotient, pressor amines) on the development of the arteriosclerosis, the indididual factors of influence are critically evaluated. The investigations are getting under way, so that ascertained results are standing beside insufficiently claified or open problems, From the abundance of the observations conclusions are drawn which are of significance for practice. Unfavourable influences of nutrition on the factors of risk (hyperlipoproteinaemia, disturbance of the carbohydrate tolerance, hyperuricaemia, hyperalimentation) and on the manifest diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, uric arthritis, obesity) of the metabolic syndrome which finally contribute to the development of arteriosclerosis are emphasized. In front of this background a clinically and ambulatorily tested basic metabolic diet is described. About 20% of the energy content (kcal or kJ) of this diet are protein, 35% fat and 45% are carbohydrates. The saturated fatty acids lie below 30%, the manifold saturated fatty acids, however, above 20% of the total fat proportion. The cholesterol content is below 400 mg, the purin-nitrogen below 200 mg, and the sodium content is about 2g per day. This diet can be produced for the treatment of persons with normal weight and overweight in different energetic degradations.
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PMID:[Nutrition and arteriosclerosis]. 70

In the first five postoperative days following abdominoperineal resection, two groups of five patients were treated by infusion therapy following two schedules: 11.9 calories per kilogram per day and 0.042 gram of nitrogen per kilogram per day, and 53.8 calories per kilogram per day and 0.244 gram of nitrogen per kilogram per day. Nitrogen balance was determined, and the wound collagen content was evaluated by biopsies carried out on the second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, ninth, 12th and 15th postoperative days. It was noted that in group 2 patients nitrogen balance was rather equilibrated and the quantity of collagen in the granulation tissue was higher than in group 1. Postoperative parenteral hyperalimentation spares a good quantity of nitrogen and can facilitate wound healing.
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PMID:Parenteral hyperalimentation and wound healing. 81 90

Nitrogen balance has been studied under conditions of simple fasting and in the postoperative period on a total of 102 patients. It is much more difficult to restore a positive nitrogen balance in the post-traumatic period, and this can be obtained only with calorie and, above all, amino acid quotas much higher than those capable of equilibrating the balance of fasting patients. The absence of a constant relationship between nitrogen sparing and the caloric value of the solutions infused and the advantages of hyperamino-acid therapy for the purpose of the balance agree with the hypothesis that the postoperative protein catabolism has the purpose of supplying the injured area with intermediate carbohydrate metabolites and constitutes the theoretic basis for the use of parenteral hyperalimentation during the postoperative period. This can be planned with doses of 35 to 40 calories per kilogram per day in the form of dextrose solution plus at least 2 grams of amino acids per kilogram per day.
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PMID:Parenteral nutrition in surgical patients. 81 94

The effects of parenteral hyperalimentation on postoperative gastric function were studied in eleven patients undergoing abdominal aortic surgery. Positive nitrogen balance was achieved in hyperalimented patients. Hyperalimentation was found to augment gastric mucosal regeneration, allowing for more physiologic secretory patterns and the maintenance of the protective gastric mucosal mechanism.
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PMID:Effects of parenteral alimentation on postoperative gastric function. 81 76

The effect of a deficiency of calories and/or nitrogen on protein metabolism in the rat was investigated. During the 5 days of the study, the rats received all nutrients except water via intravenous hyperalimentation. Four diets were used: I) 1.25 g amino acids, 12.5 g glucose/day; II) 1.25 g amino acids/day; III) 1.25 g glucose/day; and IV) 12.5 glucose/day. The rate of protein synthesis in heart, lung, muscle, kidney, and liver was estimated by a modification of the technique of Garlick et al. (The diurnal response of muscles and liver protein synthesis in vivo in meal-fed rats. Biochem. J. 136: 935-945, 1973) except that [15N]glycine was used as the tracer. Heart and lung protein synthesis was depressed by both caloric and nitrogen restriction. Muscle protein synthesis was only significantly affected by omission of calories from the diet. Kidney nitrogen content increased with the amino acid diets and decreased with the nitrogen-deficient diets. The major response of the liver to a dietary deficiency was to lose nitrogen via an increase in the rate of liver protein catabolism.
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PMID:Effect of nitrogen and calorie restriction on protein synthesis in the rat. 81 8

Parenteral hyperalimentation, when used free of associated morbidity, usually produces a dramatic reversal in the deteriorating clinical course of the patient. However, most patients who need nutritional support have at least a minimally functioning gastrointestinal tract. By using a continuous enteral gavage of a chemically defined diet through a 4F tube, the same positive nitrogen balance, weight gain and accelerated wound healing can be achieved. As with parenteral hyperalimentation, there are avoidable iatrogenic morbidities. A policy and procedure for safe and effective enteral hyperalimentation, results of clinical experience and a simplified method for assessing achievement of a therapeutic goal are presented.
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PMID:Enteral hyperalimentation. 82 7


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