Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Genetically obese mice (obob) and their lean littermates were acclimated to a restricted food-access schedule of six hours and then treated with various doses of amphetamine (0, 3, 5 or 10 mg/kg). Saline-treated obob mice maintained on this schedule retained the primary characteristics of obob mice fed ad lib, i.e., hyperphagia, hyperglycemia, elevated hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) levels. Both lean and obese mice treated with amphetamine showed a dose-dependent decrease in food intake and hypothalamic NE levels. In obob mice amphetamine treatment reduced food intake and hypothalamic NE levels to values which were not significantly different from those of similarly treated lean mice. When the drug dose was administered on a body weight basis, however, brain amphetamine levels were twice as high in obob as in lean mice. When the amphetamine dose was adjusted to produce approximately equivalent brain levels of amphetamine in obob and lean mice, the obob mice ate significantly more than lean mice. The results indicate that amphetamine is an effective anorectic agent capable of reducing food intake, body weight, and hypothalamic NE levels in obob mice.
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PMID:Amphetamine anorexia and hypothalamic catecholamines in genetically obese mice (obob). 713 37

Effects of salt loading by drinking 0.9% NaCl solution on the myocardial performance in nondiabetic and diabetic Wistar rats were studied using the isolated working heart apparatus. Body weight and fluid and food intakes of these animals were monitored. Blood pressure and plasma levels of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, and triglycerides were also measured. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were found to develop myocardial dysfunction at 8 weeks after STZ injection, accompanied by significant increases in food and fluid intakes, slowed body weight gain, hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia but without significant changes in blood pressure. Salt loading did not cause significant changes in any of the parameters studied in nondiabetic rats. However, in streptozotocin-diabetic rats given saline to drink, the impaired myocardial function was significantly improved and was associated with a significant reduction in hyperphagia and hyperlipidemia. Plasma glucose levels significantly decreased at weeks 1-3 but increased to the levels of untreated diabetic animals at weeks 4-7. There was an increase in fluid intake, but neither blood pressure nor plasma insulin levels were significantly affected. It is suggested that the improvements in cardiac function and hyperlipidemia in diabetic rats by salt loading may be related to each other; however, the mechanisms for these effects are not clear but are unlikely to be due to changes in glycemic control.
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PMID:Improvement in cardiac function in streptozotocin-diabetic rats by salt loading. 776 68

It is unclear what contribution food intake and metabolism have in causing weight loss after administering a dose of nicotine equivalent to smoking one to three packs of cigarettes per day because previous studies have been of a very short duration. To address this question, male Sprague Dawley rats were housed in computerized food intake modules and fed 45 mg pellets: Group 1 [nicotine injected with 1.4 mg/kg/day (free base), fed ad libitum]; and Group 2 [saline injected and pair-fed by computer with Group 2]; and Group 3 [saline injected (i.p.), fed ad libitum]. The rats received 4 equally spaced injections over the dark phase. Treatment consisted of: Phase 1 (nicotine or saline for 14 days), Phase 2 (all rats saline for 8 days and Phase 3 (pair-fed group "unyoked" for 6 days)). Nicotine inhibited food intake over the first 6 days. On termination of nicotine, there was no compensatory hyperphagia in either Groups 1 or 2; and their body weight was reduced starting on day 5 until day 28. In another study, rats were housed in an indirect calorimetry system. Saline or nicotine was injected for 14 days, as noted above; then all rats were injected with saline for 4 days and then no injections for 10 days to follow changes in body weight. Energy expenditure (Kcal/Kg(0.75)) was measured for 18 days. Nicotine significantly reduced food intake on 7 of 14 days of nicotine injections. The body weight of the nicotine injected rats was significantly reduced starting on day 3 until day 25. There were no differences in energy expenditures of the groups, which suggested that a decrease in food intake and not an increase in metabolism was the reason the rats lost weight after administering nicotine.
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PMID:The effects of chronic nicotine on meal patterns, food intake, metabolism and body weight of male rats. 2003 81

Salt sensitivity of blood pressure (BP) is increased in hypertension associated with obesity and/or metabolic disorders. Reversely, patients with salt-sensitive hypertension often reveal metabolic disorders. Thus, salt excess and overeating, which are major bad dietary habits in civilized men and women, strengthen the effect to increase BP each other. Actually, there are similar pathophysiological characteristics between hypertension induced by high salt intake and obesity: the sympathetic excitation has been suggested to contribute to increase in BP of the two types of hypertension. Also, several investigators indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is increased in important organs of salt-sensitive and/or obese hypertension. Recently, we demonstrated that, in salt- and obesity-induced hypertension, hypothalamic ROS levels was elevated and intracerebroventricular antioxidants suppress BP and renal sympathetic nerve activity more profoundly, compared to their control. Thus, it is suggested that brain ROS overproduction increases BP through central symapthoexcitation in salt- and obesity-induced hypertension, which are often associated.
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PMID:Increased Salt Sensitivity in Obese Hypertension:Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System. 2499 82