Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mammalian response to injury essentially is that of tissue repair and re-epithelialization. The most important component of repair tissue is collagen, and after injury collagen turnover is greatly increased. Collagen biosynthesis is initiated by nuclear DNA of fibroblasts; the steps in biosynthesis are complex but studies of collagen biosynthesis may eventually have clinical potential. Normally, wound healing lasts for up to 2 years but nutritional and metabolic factors, such as malnutrition, delay healing; hyperalimentation would likely be beneficial under these conditions. Other factors that influence wound healing are the oxygen tension in tissues, the hemodynamic status, and the effects of substances such as cortisone, vitamins A and C, and zinc.
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PMID:Some aspects of wound healing research: a review. 109 Mar 54

Acrodermatitis enteropathica has been reported as the skin disorder due to the congenital disturbance of zinc absorption in the intestine. We report on three patients with skin eruptions that resembled acrodermatitis enteropathica. Two were thought to have resulted from intravenous hyperalimentation and the other from artificial feeding.
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PMID:Zinc deficiency: report of three cases. 193 43

This study investigated the effect of fasting, self-selected meals and isocaloric oral glucose and fat meals and intravenous (i.v.) feeding on plasma zinc concentrations in men. Plasma zinc remained stable when volunteers fasted all day, but self-selected meals and 600 kCal of dextrose or fat emulsion caused significantly reduced plasma zinc concentrations [mean (SD) 12.1 (1.4), 12.3 (0.6) and 12.2 (0.7) mumol/L at 1400 h, respectively, compared with a fasting level of 13.9 (1.6) mumol/L at 0800 h, P less than 0.05]. In patients undergoing intravenous hyperalimentation, plasma zinc decreased from 12.0 (1.4) mumol/L at 0800 h to 10.0 (1.1) mumol/L at 1400 h [mean (SD), P less than 0.01]. These data show that both enteral and i.v. feeding cause a decline in plasma zinc and that glucose alone is not responsible for this post-prandial fall since ingestion of isocaloric amounts of glucose or fat have a similar effect.
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PMID:Effect of fasting, self-selected and isocaloric glucose and fat meals and intravenous feeding on plasma zinc concentrations. 195 45

In Syrian hamsters, reproduction is sensitive to the availability of metabolic fuels. Estrous cycles can be interrupted by brief periods of food deprivation, by pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation, or by increasing energy demands for thermoregulation. We predicted that manipulations that divert an excessive portion of the metabolic fuel supply into storage also should inhibit reproduction. Redirection of metabolic fuels from oxidation to storage was accomplished by treatment with protamine zinc insulin suspension (PZI). Syrian hamsters treated with PZI and fed ad libitum increased their food intake by approximately equal to 40% and body fat stores, but there was no effect on estrous cycles. When PZI-treated hamsters were limited to approximately equal to 110% of their preinjection food intake, they still fattened, and there was a significant inhibition of estrous cyclicity. Thus, in the absence of overeating, PZI-enhanced energy storage may lead to a shortage of oxidizable metabolic fuels with the result that reproduction is inhibited in favor of processes essential for survival (e.g., cellular maintenance, thermoregulation). It is unlikely that insulin-induced anestrus is due to actions of PZI unrelated to metabolic fuel partitioning, because the hormone had no effects on estrous cyclicity in ad libitum-fed hamsters. These findings are inconsistent with the hypothesis that nutritional infertility is due to the failure to maintain a minimum body fat content and raise the possibility that the infertility associated with some types of obesity could be due in part to a disorder of macronutrient partitioning.
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PMID:Insulin-induced anestrus in Syrian hamsters. 199 15

It is well known that nutrition plays an important role in the maintenance of health through the whole life. Especially, nutrition in the elderly is thought to be necessary for keeping their life comfortable. How much calories should be needed in the elderly? In our country, daily allowance of total calories is 1600 kcal in male and 1400 kcal in female in seventh decade respectively. 1460 kcal in male and 1270 kcal in female over eighty years old are recommended respectively. Protein requirement is about 0.6 g/kg of body weight. Fat should be kept as it is. Vitamin and mineral are the another important factors. We investigated the levels of serum vitamin B1 (B1) and B12 (B12) in 26 elderly out-patients. B1 and B12 are within normal ranges and there is no tendency to decline with age. Serum Zinc (Zn) is one of microelements and its deficiency is thought to cause the taste disorder. In 126 male subjects, Zn decreased significantly with aging. Zn correlated with serum total protein and albumin. There exists some discrepancy in the food habits between the old and the young: Dietary habits is Japanese style in the former and Western one in the latter. Recently as the old people are increasing in population, those who complain of difficulty in swallowing food are also increasing. In these cases, we should apply the artificial feeding such as central venous hyperalimentation, nasogastric and gastro-fistula feeding, etc. And ratio of these artificial food intake will increase in the near future.
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PMID:[Nutrition in the elderly]. 235 53

Marked weight loss is the major nutritional defect in chronic pancreatitis. Inadequate food intake owing to recurrent or near continuous pain usually accounts for the initial 10 to 20 per cent of loss of body weight, which decreases again with the onset of diabetes and is often precipitous with the development of steatorrhea. Treatment of pain, control of diabetes, and intensive pancreatic replacement therapy for steatorrhea usually causes weight gain, but seldom to ideal weight. It appears that the patient's body weight gets set at a new "weight-stat." Although isolated abnormalities of small bowel function tests can be elicited and deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins, calcium, zinc, selenium, and so forth may be demonstrated, these rarely lead to clinical syndromes, as with demonstrable low B12 uptake in some 10 to 15 per cent of patients. In the late stage of the disease and particularly in NATP, extreme protein-calorie malnutrition may occur, which may not be correctable even by hyperalimentation. Although the mortality of the disease was reportedly higher in areas of socioeconomic deprivation, it appears from recent studies in Switzerland and other developed countries that mortality during a 12-year period may be in the region of 50 per cent worldwide.
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PMID:Nutritional deficiencies in chronic pancreatitis. 268 Sep 66

Recent reports indicate that the concentrations and total amounts of several essential trace metals in various tissues of genetically obese rodents differ markedly from those in lean controls. In the present studies the absorption, retention and tissue distribution of zinc and constitutive levels of zinc-metallothionein (Zn-MT) in selected tissues were compared in obese (ob/ob) and lean (+/?) C57BL/6J mice. When 5-, 10- and 22-wk-old mice were administered 1.2 mumol 65Zn by stomach tube the apparent absorption of 65Zn by obese mice was 1.5, 2.2 and 3.9 times higher, respectively, than that in age-matched lean mice. Retention of orally administered 65Zn after 96 h was also substantially higher in obese mice than in lean mice. To assess the possible influences of hyperphagia and intestinal hypertrophy on the enhanced apparent absorption of 65Zn by obese mice food intake by an additional group of obese mice was restricted to that of age-matched lean controls. When actual absorption of zinc was determined according to the method of Heth and Hoekstra, groups of ad libitum--fed obese, pair-fed obese and lean mice absorbed 38, 32 and 18% of administered 65Zn, respectively. In contrast, the rate of 65Zn excretion 2-6 d after oral or subcutaneous administration of the metal was similar for obese and lean mice. Unrestricted and pair-fed obese mice had significantly lower percentages of carcass 65Zn present in skin, muscle plus bone, spleen and testes and higher percentages present in liver, small intestine and adipose tissue than lean mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Zinc metabolism in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. 358 42

Reduced serum concentrations of nutrients like iron, zinc and folates and of albumin and cholesterol are found, as well as emaciation, both in malnutrition and in cancer. In patients with leukemia, a depletion of intracellular potassium and hypo-potassemia are found in addition. The use of hyperalimentation in cancer was originally based on the concept that too little food is the cause of these disturbances in the nutrition state. However, there is also a disturbed metabolism of nutrients in patients with tumors and inflammatory disease. In the case of folic acid, the disturbed metabolism could not be normalized by hyperalimentation. The more advanced the disease, the more pronounced is the disturbed nutrient metabolism, and this disturbance is related to the macrophage activity. It is not self-evident, therefore, that hyperalimentation can normalize the nutritional state in cancer. Emaciation in cancer patients is not caused exclusively by malnutrition.
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PMID:Folate and iron metabolism in patients with tumors and inflammations. 406 5

Thirteen cats with diabetes mellitus were evaluated. Clinical signs included polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, lethargy, and weight loss. Results of physical examination included obesity, hepatomegaly, mild seborrhea sicca, muscle wasting, and dehydration. One cat walked plantigrade and was suspected of having a diabetic neuropathy. Persistent hyperglycemia, glucosuria, high liver enzyme activities, hypercholesterolemia, hyperproteinemia, and low electrolyte concentrations were the common laboratory findings. In 3 cats diabetes mellitus developed after megestrol acetate therapy; 2 of these cats required only temporary insulin treatment. In a 3rd cat, which had no history of receiving diabetogenic drug therapy, remission of diabetes mellitus also was observed. Serum insulin and plasma glucose concentrations were determined in 6 cats after administration of an intermediate-acting insulin (isophane insulin) and in 3 cats after administration of a long-acting insulin (protamine zinc insulin). The insulin concentration peaked 2 to 6 hours after the injection of intermediate-acting insulin and 6 to 12 hours after the injection of long-acting insulin. The lowest glucose concentration was recorded 4 to 8 hours after injection of intermediate-acting insulin, and 6 to 12 hours after injection of long-acting insulin. It was concluded that, although insulin therapy must be adjusted to the individual, the diabetic cat usually requires twice-daily administration of isophane insulin; however, the protamine zinc insulin can be given once daily for satisfactory control.
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PMID:Insulin therapy in cats with diabetes mellitus. 629 64

Seven patients developed severe zinc deficiency with acrodermatitis during hyperalimentation. Several of them had other problems such as diarrhea, poor wound healing and mental changes, which may also have been related to zinc deficiency. Three patients were on hyperalimentation for 2 weeks or less when skin lesions first developed, and most patients were receiving regular infusions of plasma. All patients responded to enteral administration of zinc. We conclude that: 1) severe zinc deficiency with acrodermatitis is not a rare complication of hyperalimentation; 2) even short-term hypralimentation may be complicated by severe zinc deficiency with acrodermatitis; 3) plasma is not an appropriate way to provide zinc supplementation; 4) if intravenous zinc preparations are not available, oral supplementation is usually effective; and 5) all patients undergoing hyperalimentation should receive zinc supplementation and have regular monitoring of their serum zinc level.
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PMID:Severe zinc deficiency presenting with acrodermatitis during hyperalimentation: diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment. 677 23


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