Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, and chromium were analyzed in commercially prepared total parenteral nutrition solutions of amino acid/protein hydrolysate, dextrose, lipid, and water from several manufacturers. Concentrations of each varied with both the manufacturer and the solution lot number, with the greatest differences observed for zinc (0.026 to 4.04 mg/liter) and iron (0.025 to 1.370 mg/liter). Since the consequences of prolonged total parenteral nutrition with trace-metal-deficient solutions are dependent upon the physical state of the patients, the duration of hyperalimentation and problems associated with trauma, it is recommended that the endogenous concentrations described be supplemented as needed for each patient. This need is difficult to determine, however, because little is known about the clinical effect of any trace-metal-deficiency state developing in patients receiving long-term total parenteral nutrition.
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PMID:Trace metal profile of parenteral nutrition solutions. 41 17

Glucose tolerance factor (GTF), the biologically active form of Cr3+, has been ascribed a role in the potentiation of insulin action and glucose homeostasis. The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with GTF-rich brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or GTF-deprived Torula yeast (Torulaspora delbrueckii) in genetically diabetic C57BL/KsJ db/db mice. At 15 weeks of age, db/db mice exhibited increased body weight, hyperphagia, hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and increased glycosylated haemoglobins compared with control (+/+) mice. During 56 days consumption of diets supplemented with 50g brewer's yeast or Torula yeast per kg, body weights of both groups of db/db mice decreased by 35%, in association with 1.2-1.7 fold increases of food intake, plasma glucose, glycosylated haemoglobins and an 83% decrease of plasma insulin. With the exception of slightly decreased weight loss, addition of brewer's yeast as opposed to Torula yeast did not affect tissue or plasma chromium nor ameliorate any of the parameters monitored including glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity at 52-54 days. These findings do not support the contention that the glucose intolerance of genetically diabetic C57BL/KsJ db/db mice partly reflects GTF deficiency.
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PMID:Failure of glucose tolerance factor-containing Brewer's yeast to ameliorate spontaneous diabetes in C57BL/KsJ DB/DB mice. 268 Feb 28

Chromium has been recognized as an essential trace element that plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in its action are not clear. This study was undertaken to understand the mechanism of chromium action in experimental diabetes. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic animals were administered chromium as chromium picolinate (CrP) at a daily dose of 1 mg/kg body weight for a period of 4 weeks. It was observed that chromium complexed with picolinate was effective in lowering plasma glucose levels as well as was able to alleviate polyphagia, polydipsia, and weight loss in diabetic animals. Administration of chromium was also found to normalize glycogen content in liver of diabetic animals to near control levels. The reduction in plasma glucose levels by chromium was accompanied by increase in activity of glycolytic enzymes (e.g., glucokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase) and by suppression in activity of gluconeogenic enzymes (e.g., glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) in liver. Hepatic glucose uptake was found to be increased by chromium supplementation as demonstrated by decrease in Km and increase in Vmax values in diabetic animals. Chromium levels were lower in the liver of diabetic rats when compared with that of control rats. A negative correlation was observed between plasma glucose and chromium concentration in patients with diabetes. The data suggests that chromium supplementation as CrP is beneficial in correcting hyperglycemia, implying that the modulation of the glucose metabolism by chromium may be therapeutically beneficial in the treatment of diabetes.
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PMID:Ameliorating effect of chromium administration on hepatic glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes. 2228 84