Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient presented with severe hypophosphataemia that had been precipitated during binge eating. It was corrected by restricting the binges, and by hyperalimentation through a duodenal tube together with intravenous supplementation with sodium phosphate for a short period. Phosphate concentrations should be monitored in patients with severe anorexia complicated by bulimic episodes.
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PMID:Severe hypophosphataemia during binge eating in anorexia nervosa. 189 85

Bilateral basomedial hypothalamic (BMH) electrolytic lesions in White Leghorn cockerels produced six main physiological categories characterized by typical sets of symptoms: 1) functional castration (FC); hyperphagia, obesity, occasional diabetes insipidus, involuted adenohypophysis, dwarfism, atrophied comb and testes, reduced hematocrit, reduced plasma testosterone and thyroid activity, involuted thymus and adrenal cortex and elevated liver fat and plasma triglycerides and free fatty acids. The FC birds demonstrated defective immune response for the first 12 to 16 wk post-surgery. 2) functional castration with large comb (FCLC); hyperphagia, obesity, transient diabetes insipidus, slight diminution of adenohypophy-seal weight with marked reduction in basophilic cell population, fully atrophied testes but only slight reduction in comb size and hematocrit, plasma testosterone levels between those found in the first category and the control. 3) obese with normal testes (ONT); hyperphagia, obesity, high level of plasma lipids, normal histological organization of the adenohypophysis, normal testes, semen production and comb size. The next three categories exhibited physiological syndromes identical to the former three categories except for food intake, which operationally could be defined as normal. A marked difference among the BMH-lesioned birds was found in sexual behavior when the FC birds completely lost their libido. None of the replacement therapy regimens caused complete rehabilitation from adiposity or restoration of reproductive traits. Lipoprotein lipase activity increased at an early stage postlesioning and preceeded the development of hyperphagia. Placement of BMH lesions in newly hatched chicks resulted in marked dwarfism and obesity without hyperphagia. The BMH-lesioned heavy breed White Rock cockerels exhibited a lesser degree of adiposity than the light White Leghorn birds. Removal of the olfactory bulbs and destruction of the septal area resulted in increased thyroid activity, with secondary hyperphagia without obesity. In a short-term study, administration of sodium pentobarbital to the BMH area resulted in increased feeding. Conversely, glucose administration to the same area suppressed feeding in satiated but not in food-deprived chickens.
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PMID:Role of the basomedial hypothalamus in regulation of adiposity, food intake, and reproductive traits in the domestic fowl. 267 24

Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic syndrome (HHNS) is a life-threatening complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. This syndrome is characterised by severe hyperglycaemia, a marked increase in serum osmolality, and clinical evidence of dehydration without significant accumulation of ketoacids. HHNS is typically observed in elderly patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, although it may rarely be a complication in younger patients with insulin-dependent diabetes, or those without diabetes following severe burns, parenteral hyperalimentation, peritoneal dialysis, or haemodialysis. Patients receiving certain drugs including diuretics, corticosteroids, beta-blockers, phenytoin, and diazoxide are at increased risk of developing this syndrome. Patients usually present with a prolonged phase of osmotic diuresis leading to severe depletion of both the intracellular and extracellular fluid volumes. Losses of water exceed those of sodium, resulting in hypertonic dehydration. Therefore, correction of the syndrome will ultimately require administration of hypotonic fluids. Patients presenting with HHNS also have significant depletion of potassium and other electrolytes that will need to be replaced. The principal goal at the outset of therapy must be restoration of the intravascular volume to assure adequate perfusion of vital organs. It remains controversial whether 0.9% or 0.45% NaCl should be the initial fluid infused intravenously. We prefer to administer 0.9% NaCl until the vital signs have stabilised and then substitute 0.45% NaCl. 10 to 15 units of regular human insulin should be injected as a bolus, followed by a continuous infusion of approximately 0.1 U/kg/h. Once the blood glucose approaches 13.9 to 16.7 mmol/L (250 to 300) mg/dl, 5% dextrose should be added to the intravenous fluids and the rate of insulin infusion reduced. Following recovery many patients presenting with HHNS will not require long term insulin therapy and can be managed effectively with diet or oral agents. Precipitating causes of HHNS must be identified and treated simultaneously with correction of the metabolic abnormalities. Appropriate management of precipitating illnesses will limit the high mortality associated with HHNS. This review discusses the current state of knowledge concerning the pathogenesis of HHNS, the clinical features of the disorder, and a systematic approach to treatment.
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PMID:Treatment of hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic syndrome. 268 Apr 38

The association of hypertension with obesity has long been recognized; however, because of the lack of suitable animal models of obesity and hypertension, the pathogenesis of the high blood pressure associated with obesity remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that the Zucker fatty rat, a widely studied model of obesity and insulin resistance, might also be characterized by hypertension. Mean arterial pressure directly measured in the unanesthetized, unrestrained obese (fatty) Zucker rat was significantly greater than in two strains of nonobese control rats, the lean Zucker rat and the Lewis rat. The greater blood pressure in the obese rats was not dependent on hyperphagia or increased body weight per se since moderate caloric restriction, achieved by pair-feeding with lean rats, decreased weight gain but did not attenuate hypertension. Pair-fed obese rats retained less sodium than lean control rats, suggesting that greater blood pressure in the obese rats is not a consequence of increased renal retention of sodium. A unique feature of the Zucker strain is that the increased blood pressure appears to be specifically associated with the obese genotype. The findings suggest that the obese Zucker rat might provide a useful experimental model of obesity and hypertension.
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PMID:The Zucker fatty rat as a genetic model of obesity and hypertension. 278 48

Reversal of myocardial biochemical changes with insulin treatment (4 and 8 wk) was studied in 8 and 12 wk streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. STZ-induced diabetes was characterized by elevations in blood glucose, serum cholesterol, and triglycerides and depressed serum insulin levels. Insulin treatment for 4 and 8 wk completely restored the serum alterations to control values. The polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia were also markedly diminished by the insulin treatment. Diabetic rats had pronounced decreases in body, heart, and left ventricular weights, all of which were completely reversed by the insulin treatment. Hydroxyproline accumulation in diabetic rat hearts was only reversed by the 8-wk and not by the 4-wk insulin treatment. STZ produced a significant depletion of left ventricular magnesium content as well as depression of K+-stimulated sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrillar ATPase activities. Both the 4- and 8-wk insulin treatment produced a complete recovery of the myocardial magnesium content. No significant changes in sarcolemmal Na+-K+-ATPase and K+-stimulated p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activities were observed in diabetic animals compared with control. The decreased latency of the lysosomal hydrolase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, and the increased collagen deposition observed in the diabetic hearts were only partially reversed by the 4-wk insulin treatment, but completely reversed by the 8-wk treatment period.
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PMID:Insulin reversal of biochemical changes in hearts from diabetic rats. 294 95

A case of massive degloving injury of the perineum, thigh, and buttocks is presented. Hemostasis was achieved with a pneumatic anti-shock garment (PASG), followed by direct suturing of bleeding areas. A colostomy was performed. Initial conservative debridement was followed in ten days by multiple skin grafts. The patient was treated with sodium bicarbonate and mannitol to preclude myoglobinuric renal failure. Intravenous hyperalimentation was also utilized.
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PMID:Massive degloving injury of the trunk. 300 77

We studied 54 patients who, after small intestinal resection, developed a massive protracted diarrhea with a daily fecal loss greater than 2 kg, status we defined as the "overwhelmed intestine syndrome" (OIS). Median length of residual small bowel was 120 cm, 19 patients had a definitive stoma (jejunostomy, n = 9; colostomy, n = 10), 26 patients had a provisional jejunostomy. Fecal weight greater than 2 kg was related to enteral hyperalimentation (greater than 3,500 Kcal) in 19 patients (induced OIS) and was clearly independent in 16 others who had fecal weight over 3 kg while receiving approximately 2,000 Kcal (obligatory OIS); the last 19 patients had fecal weight between 2 and 3 kg during normoalimentation. Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia were common in the three groups. The other complications were seen mostly in patients with obligatory OIS: in those patients, parenteral nutrition was maintained in 9 cases out of 16 (vs. 0 in other groups), nutritional gain was scanty, sodium equilibrium was difficult to obtain in spite of a large sodium intake (380 mmol/day), hospitalization lasted several months and autonomy via the enteral route could not be achieved in 7 out of the 9 patients with definitive short bowel (vs. 0 in other groups). This study shows that the OIS is an unique functional entity. Complications and prognosis are dependent on the obligatory or induced pattern of the syndrome. Only patients with obligatory OIS require definitive home parenteral nutrition.
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PMID:[The overwhelmed intestine syndrome]. 313 76

The effects of co-administration of reduced glutathione (GSH) on the lethality of sodium selenite (SS) and on SS-induced hypothermia and hyperphagia were examined in adult male ICR mice. Tissue GSH levels after s.c. injection were also determined. In the plasma, GSH concentration was significantly elevated up to 2 h after injection of 2 mmol/kg of GSH. Little change was observed in liver, and erythrocyte levels, the lethality of SS was enhanced by a similar dose of GSH. This enhancement, however, was observed only when SS was injected during the period when plasma GSH was elevated. These results suggest that the interaction between GSH and SS in plasma was the major contributor to the enhancement of SS toxicity. Hypothermia induced by SS was also enhanced by a 60-fold dose of GSH but not by a 6-fold dose of GSH. With respect to hyperphagia, GSH suppressed the effect of SS, probably because of depressing effect of co-administration of SS an GSH.
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PMID:Modification of lethal, hypothermic and hyperphagic effects of sodium selenite by reduced glutathione in mice. 317 27

The effect of short-term undereating (4.2 MJ [1000 kcal] for 4 d) followed by overeating (12.6 MJ [3000 kcal] for 2 d) on fasting and 2-h postprandial serum glucose, insulin, and neutral amino acids and on urinary free and total norepinephrine and dopamine excretion was studied in 12 normal women. Protein and sodium intake was constant throughout the study. Serum glucose concentration was not affected by diet but the serum total neutral amino acids (ie, sum of valine, leucine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine) tended to increase during undereating and decrease during overeating. Serum tryptophan concentration, relative to the remaining neutral amino acids, was consequently lower during undereating than overeating. The postprandial increase in serum insulin level was greater during overeating than undereating. Urinary free norepinephrine and total dopamine levels were also increased during overeating, suggesting both sympathetic and dopaminergic activation during overeating after undereating.
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PMID:Short-term changes in energy intake and serum insulin, neutral amino acids, and urinary catecholamine excretion in women. 328 94

A boy referred at the age of 4 years because of obesity and under observation for 16 years, was found to be suffering from a hypothalamic syndrome of unknown origin characterized by progressive obesity, polyphagia, deficiency of growth and thyroid hormone, hyperprolactinemia, hypodipsia, hypernatremia and hyperosmolality without diabetes insipidus. At ages 11 and 16 there were 3 day episodes of spontaneous muscular weakness, hypersomnolence and hypothermia associated with central sleep apnea and severe bradycardia. Subsequently, decreased ventilatory responsiveness to carbon dioxide (CO2) was found as a consequence of blunted neural drive. Therapy with clomipramine HCl (Anafranil Ciba-Geigy) for 6 months led to a normalization of serum sodium levels, pulse rate, ventilatory response to dioxide with no recurrence of the central apnea within 4 following years.
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PMID:Recurrent hypothermia, hypersomnolence, central sleep apnea, hypodipsia, hypernatremia, hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia and growth hormone deficiency in a boy--treatment with clomipramine. 346 79


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