Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum zinc concentrations are decreased in patients with a variety of clinical disorders including cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome and renal insufficiency. Urinary zinc excretions are increased in the first two disease states. Symptoms of acute zinc deficiency (anorexia, dysfunction of smell and taste, and mental and cerebellar disturbances) and chronic zinc deficiency (growth retardation, anemia, testicular atrophy, and impaired wound healing) are common in these patients. It remains unresolved whether these disease states are indicative of true symptomatic or asymptomatic zinc deficiency or merely reflect a decrease in available zinc binding proteins. The low serum zinc concentrations and high urinary zinc excretions in patients with nephrotic syndrome do not appear to be due to loss of zinc bound to urinary proteins. Studies in dogs indicate increased serum and urine concentrations of certain amino acids(cysteine, histidine) greatly increase urinary zinc excretions. Studies are now underway to determine if the hyperzincuria and hypozincemia of cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome and hyperalimentation can be explained by an increase in these urinary amino acids.
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PMID:Zinc metabolism in renal disease and renal control of zinc excretion. 60 38

Effects of histidine or methionine imbalance and dietary levels (3-50%) of casein on food intake and preference of young, adult, and diabetic (2.5 month old) rats were examined. Depressions in food intake and growth caused by ingestion of the imbalanced diet were greatest in young rats and least or absent in diabetic rats. Alloxan diabetes induced hyperphagia and elevated concentrations of plasma branched-chain amino acids and decreased concentrations of tryptophan and tyrosine. The diabetic rats fed the imbalanced diet for 9 days had a higher concentration of the limiting amino acid in the plasma than the adult normal rats fed the same diet. The diabetic rats preferred the imbalanced diet over a protein-free diet when they were fed these diets concurrently. Ingestion of the imbalanced diet by normal rats caused greater changes in plasma and brain amino acid patterns than did the protein-free diet. Unlike the diabetic rats, the normal rats, especially the young rats, strongly preferred the protein-free diet over the imbalanced diet. The normal rats also preferred a 10% casein diet supplemented with L-methionine over a low or high casein diet. It seemed that young rats were able to select a protein diet that supported maximal growth when proportions of dietary amino acids were balanced. It also seemed that the susceptibility of the rats to amino acid imbalance varied directly with the status of overall protein synthesis of the animals.
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PMID:Effects of amino acid imbalance and protein content of diets on food intake and preference of young, adult, and diabetic rats. 119 6

Cholelithiasis in infants is rare, and has usually been associated with hemolysis, ileal disease, congenital anomalies of the biliary tree, hyperalimentation, and prolonged fasting. With the increased use of abdominal ultrasonography (US), more cases of cholelithiasis are being discovered. We report our experience with 13 infants diagnosed on abdominal US to have gallstones. There were 9 boys and 4 girls with an average age at diagnosis of 2.6 months (range, 0 to 9 months). Predisposing factors could be identified in only 6 of the 13 patients. Two patients with obstructive jaundice underwent cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration. One patient with choledocolithiasis and common bile duct dilatation was observed. His stone passed spontaneously, with resolution of symptoms. Ten patients without cholestasis remained asymptomatic, with disappearance of lithiasis in five of them. Neonatal cholelithiasis is more common than previously suspected; it seems to affect males more often than females and is usually not associated with known predisposing factors. It appears to be a temporary, self-limiting phenomenon, and an aggressive approach is not warranted in the asymptomatic infant. Surgical or radiological intervention should be reserved for the symptomatic patients or those with underlying lithogenic disorders.
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PMID:Cholelithiasis in newborns and infants. 140 10

The basic assumption of brain research utilizing lesions is that any observed changes in behavior or physiological responses must be the result of tissue destruction. Reynolds suggested 25 years ago that in the case of electrolytic ventromedial hypothalamic lesions, the observed hyperphagia and obesity were due instead to metallic ion deposits from the electrode tip irritating adjacent tissue. His "irritative hypothesis" was largely ignored after others reported obesity in rats given nonirritative (i.e., no deposits) VMH lesions. However, recent studies have shown that the experimental observations by both Reynolds and his critics were correct and that the early discrepancies were largely due to the sex of the animals used in the experiments. Obesity can be produced with nonirritative VMH lesions, but the weight gain is only about 60% of that observed with irritative VMH lesions and the animals do not display the characteristic lesion-induced elevations in basal insulin levels. A new combination ablation-irritative hypothesis is proposed in which electrolytic VMH lesion obesity is attributed in part to tissue ablation and in part to metallic ion deposits stimulating (rather than disinhibiting) vagally mediated insulin responses.
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PMID:Ventromedial hypothalamic obesity: a reexamination of the irritative hypothesis. 195 3

In this study, an experiment was performed to investigate the optimal concentration of branched chain amino acid (BCAA) in hyperalimentation to be administered when protein catabolism is accelerated by sepsis or bodily injury. Amino acid solutions containing BCAA 25%, 30%, 40%, 45% and 50% were prepared and were administered iv for three days with other essential amino acid-containing nitrogen in the same volume into rats with peritonitis which had been developed by ligature and puncture at the cecum, and the results were compared. After observing for three days, the influence over nitrogen balance, improvement of 3-methyl-histidine/creatinine in urine, weight loss in muscles, and aminogram in serum and muscles indicated that the hyperalimentation under stress is utilized most effectively when amino acid contains 45% of branched-chain amino acid.
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PMID:Optimum branched-chain amino acids concentration for improving protein catabolism in severely stressed rats. 211 47

This is the case report of a 4-year-old white boy who was diagnosed as having acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in November 1985. While in remission and on maintenance chemotherapy, he developed a primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) respiratory infection in October 1986. On October 27, 1986 a plain abdominal radiograph taken for abdominal distention showed free air. At celiotomy, multiple nodules were noted to stud the small bowel. Central necrosis of these nodules with perforations were present in the distal small bowel. Resections and end-to-end anastomoses were performed. Three days later the patient again had a similar acute abdominal episode. At reexploration, similar lesions in the liver, kidney, duodenum, proximal jejunum, and colon were found. Liver biopsy as well as intestinal resections and end-to-end anastomoses were performed, along with a loop ileostomy. Polymorphic B-cell lymphoma positive for EBV was found in the specimens. After cessation of chemotherapy and institution of abdominal radiotherapy, the hepatic and renal lesions were seen to resolve on computed tomography scan. The patient's course was complicated by the development of cervical and mediastinal abscesses that were drained, and E coli sepsis accompanied by chronic diarrhea requiring intravenous hyperalimentation. By January 1988, he appeared to be recovering. His ileostomy was closed in March 1988. Despite cessation of chemotherapy since October 1986, the patient is now well and in complete remission.
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PMID:Multiple small bowel perforations in leukemia secondary to Epstein-Barr virus lymphoma with survival: a case report. 217 5

A 39-year-old heavy drinker was admitted to Saga Medical School Hospital on February 21th, 1987. He had suffered from dyspnea, chest pain and lumbago three weeks prior to admission. His chest X-ray showed right hydropneumothorax and right lower lobe atelectasis and his CT scan showed a cystic lesion in the mediastinum. His laboratory data showed a high level of amylase in serum, urine and pleural effusion. A fistula connecting the pancreas to right pleural cavity was demonstrated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In addition, bronchoscopy showed complete obstruction of the right lower bronchus (B7). These bronchoscopic findings and hydropneumothorax on his chest X-ray suggested the leakage of pancreas juice through the pancreatico-pleural fistula injured the lung tissue directly and produced a bronchopleural fistula. In this case, hyperalimentation and drug therapy using protease inhibitor resulted in successful closure of the fistula and reexpansion of the collapsed lung.
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PMID:[A pancreatico-bronchial fistula with right hydropneumothorax]. 261 2

A 51 year-old male was admitted because of abrupt hematemesis and loss of consciousness. Emergency endoscopy depicted a giant esophageal ulcer on the left side extending from the middle intrathoracic region to the lower intrathoracic region. Esophagography, performed on the second day of admission, revealed a huge cavity (10 cm x 7 cm) filled with contrast medium resulting from a rupture in the ulceration. His state of shock improved with conservative therapy and no severe mediastinitis was noted. The drainage from the cavity into the lumen of the esophagus was considered to be acceptable from esophagography and an endoscopic examination. Secondary to his stable condition and continuous drainage, this patient was treated conservatively throughout his clinical course. The patient was given intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) until the 25th hospital day and was medicated with broad spectrum-antibiotics. On the 21st hospital day the size of the esophageal cavity was markedly decreased (7 cm x 2 cm). Only small irregular mucosa was noted on the esophagogram taken 6 weeks after admission. Six months after the onset, an X-ray examination revealed complete healing of the spontaneous esophageal rupture with no recurrence.
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PMID:A case of spontaneous esophageal rupture treated with conservative therapy. 315 Oct 26

A solution of 8 essential I-amino acids and hypertonic dextrose was administered to 5 patients in acute postoperative renal failure in a program of hyperalimentation designed to decrease the patient's catabolic state and to accrue certain metabolic benefits. A sixth patient receiving intravenous glucose alone served as a control. The pretreatment plasma concentrations of amino acids in all 6 patients did not differ significantly from normal; following intravenous essential amino acids at a dose of approximately 12.6 gm/24 hours, no significant elevations out of the normal range of these substances occurred. Since urinary excretion rates did not dramatically increase, urinary loss was excluded as a possible cause for the failure of increase of plasma concentrations. The results suggest that the administration of an intravenous solution of 1-amino acids and hypertonic dextrose is associated with rapid clearance from the blood of these substances and, with a failure of increased urinary excretion, indirect evidence of amino acid utilization for protein synthesis has been obtained. Histidine supplementation in patients with acute renal failure is probably unnecessary based on the lack of significant decreases in histidine concentrations in these patients.
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PMID:Amino acid metabolism in acute renal failure: influence of intravenous essential L-amino acid hyperalimentation therapy. 485 Apr 97

A patient with multiple enteric fistulae, after months of parenteral hyperalimentation, developed, severe depression accompanied by delirium, dermatitis, pallor, paresthesia, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and headaches. His symptoms improved after treatment with parenteral biotin. Biotin-deficiency should be suspected in patients on hyperalimentation (without biotin supplementation) who develop similar symptoms.
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PMID:Biotin-responsive depression during hyperalimentation. 640 8


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