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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Metabolic studies were performed on 19 patients with acute renal failure. Therapy included intravenous hyperalimentation using 15 to 20 g of essential amino acids or 20 to 40 g of essential plus nonessential amino acids and hypertonic glucose (37 to 50%). The effect of this parenteral feeding appears to be primarily pharmacological. Hypertonic glucose promotes the hyperinsulinemia important to be membrane function, the operation of the sodium pump, and cell metabolism. Administration of high biological value crystalline amino acdis potentiates the effect of insulin by inhibiting protein breakdown and promoting protein synthesis, particularly in muscle. This reduces tissue catabolism and urea formation, and promotes potassium, magnesium, and phosphate homeostasis. The branched-chain ketogenic amino acids valine, leucine, and isoleucine may be of particular importance. When indicated, administration of renal failure hyperalimentation and peritoneal or hemodialysis can be expected to complement each other and accelerate recovery. This intravenous fluid therapy, in turn, must be coordinated with proper hemodynamics, usually requiring a colloidal solution to maintain intravascular volume, and cardiotrophic agents such as digitalis and dopamine. Early use of renal failure can be expected to demonstrate the most striking response in terms of survival, early recovery from acute renal failure, and the preservation of physiological homeostasis.
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PMID:Criteria for choosing amino acid therapy in acute renal failure. 10 Oct 72

The methylester hydrochlorides of DL-p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), L-leucine and L-tryptophan were intraventricularly administered to rats. All compounds produced increased food intake compared to saline administration. PCPA and leucine administration significantly decreased serotonin levels by 15--18%, while no serotonin depletion occurred following tryptophan injections. The data suggest that intraventricular injections of large quantities of neutral amino acid methyl esters may cause hyperphagia in rats through non-serotonergic effects on brain function.
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PMID:Hyperphagia following intraventricular p-chlorophenylalanine-, leucine- or tryptophan-methyl esters: lack of correlation with whole brain serotonin levels. 15 93

Twenty days after the onset of alloxan-induced diabetes, a villous hyperplasia has developed in the intestines of rats having free access to food. The transformation is characterised by a considerable increase in the area of the villous surface, caused by an enhanced mitotic activity in the crypts. The absorption of glucose or methionine by jejunal loops, whether expressed in terms of serosal area or villous area, is unchanged at this stage. On the other hand, the specific activity of certain disaccharidases and dipeptidases in crude mucosal homogenates is greater in diabetic animals, but quantitative histochemistry revealed no changes in the activities of alkaline phosphatase, leucine amino-peptidase and non-specific esterase in the individual enterocytes. Thus the biochemical changes may simply reflect the hyperplasia of the mucosa. The blood sugar level does not appear to be directly responsible for the mucosal transformation; however, the positive correlation between the daily food intake and the villus height suggests a role of hyperphagia and consequent increased luminal nutrition in the development of the hyperplasia.
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PMID:Structural and functional studies on the transformation of the intestinal mucosa in rats with experimental diabetes. 88 18

The effect of short-term undereating (4.2 MJ [1000 kcal] for 4 d) followed by overeating (12.6 MJ [3000 kcal] for 2 d) on fasting and 2-h postprandial serum glucose, insulin, and neutral amino acids and on urinary free and total norepinephrine and dopamine excretion was studied in 12 normal women. Protein and sodium intake was constant throughout the study. Serum glucose concentration was not affected by diet but the serum total neutral amino acids (ie, sum of valine, leucine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine) tended to increase during undereating and decrease during overeating. Serum tryptophan concentration, relative to the remaining neutral amino acids, was consequently lower during undereating than overeating. The postprandial increase in serum insulin level was greater during overeating than undereating. Urinary free norepinephrine and total dopamine levels were also increased during overeating, suggesting both sympathetic and dopaminergic activation during overeating after undereating.
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PMID:Short-term changes in energy intake and serum insulin, neutral amino acids, and urinary catecholamine excretion in women. 328 94

Intravenous hyperalimentation has improved the survival of premature infants. However, long-term placement of intravenous catheters may result in the development of catheter-related sepsis. Fibronectin in plasma contains binding sites for staphylococcal species as well as marked affinity for inert plastics and therefore may provide a substrate for bacterial adherence to indwelling catheters. We determined the adherence of labeled [( 3H]leucine) coagulase-positive (CPS) and coagulase-negative (CNS) staphylococci to untreated and fibronectin-coated polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and heparin-bonded polyurethane (HBP) catheter segments and quantitated the binding of 14C-labeled, purified fibronectin to these catheters. PVC catheter segments bound significantly more CNS than CPS (P less than 0.05), while HBP catheters bound more CPS than CNS (P less than 0.05). Fibronectin significantly increased the adherence of CPS to PVC catheters (P less than 0.05) and CNS to HBP catheters (P less than 0.05). PVC catheters bound more fibronectin (P less than 0.0001) than did HBP catheters. Catheter composition may influence the spectrum of nosocomial pathogens to which infants are susceptible through different bacterial adherences and interactions with adhesive proteins.
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PMID:Staphylococcal adherence to polyvinyl chloride and heparin-bonded polyurethane catheters is species dependent and enhanced by fibronectin. 359 51

The effect of the selective delta-opioid antagonist ICI 174,864 (N,N-bisallyl-Tyr-Aib-Aib-Phe-Leu-OH: Aib=alpha-aminoisobutyric acid) on the hyperphagia induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) was investigated in non-deprived rats. The increase in food intake produced by 2-DG (500 mg/kg i.p.) was not reduced by ICI 174,864 at a dose (3 micrograms/rat i.c.v.) which totally abolished the feeding response to the delta-agonist D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (10 micrograms/rat i.c.v.). These findings suggest that the appetitive effects of 2-DG are not mediated by an enkephalinergic/delta-receptor system. They do not, however, preclude the possible involvement of endogenous opioids acting at other sub-types of opioid receptor in this glucoprivic ingestional response, which is suppressed by less specific opioid antagonists such as naloxone.
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PMID:Hyperphagia induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose in the presence of the delta-opioid antagonist ICI 174,864. 391 92

The plasma amino acid response to voluntary hyperphagia was evaluated in rats fed a "cafeteria" diet for 4 to 8 weeks and compared to chow-fed controls. The influence of the sucrose content of the cafeteria diet was examined by studying rats given a low-sucrose, highly palatable, liquid diet (Magnacal). In a second series of studies the cafeteria diet was fed to rats housed in wheel cages and who ran 2.0 +/- 0.1 milles per day and compared with a sedentary cafeteria-fed group housed in standard cages. As expected, the cafeteria diet resulted in hyperphagia (45% to 55%) and in increased weight gain (35% to 50%). In response to cafeteria feeding there was an increase in plasma threonine, serine, proline, citrulline, alpha-amino butyric acid (ABA), and tyrosine. Significant decreases were observed in the branched chain amino acids (BCAA), valine and leucine. All of these changes were also observed when hyperphagia was induced with the low-sucrose diet, with the exception of the rise in ABA. In the exercised cafeteria-fed rats, excessive weight gain did not occur. Nevertheless, the amino acid response to the cafeteria diet was the same as in sedentary rats with excessive weight gain. The plasma amino acid pattern in those rats that developed glucose intolerance during cafeteria feeding and those that maintained normal glucose tolerance was similar. We conclude that hyperphagia induced by cafeteria feeding in the rat results in a specific plasma amino acid profile characterized by elevations in some amino acids (threonine, serine, proline, citrulline, ABA, and tyrosine) and reductions in the BCAA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The plasma amino acid response to cafeteria feeding in the rat: influence of hyperphagia, sucrose intake, and exercise. 658 7

This study considers the effects of glucose, during amino acid infusion, on protein-sparing and amino acid utilization after proctocolectomy or abdominoperineal resection of the rectum. Body composition and plasma amino acids were compared in each of three groups of patients before and 15 days after surgery who were receiving, in addition to restricted oral diets: 1) no hyperalimentation 2) parenteral amino acids or 3) hypertonic glucose plus amino acids. Parenteral solutions were given by central venous catheter. Infusion of amino acids alone spared body protein but branch chain amino acids (i.e. valine, isoleucine and leucine) and also phenylalanine, methionine and proline were increased well above the normal values. There were no increases in liver proteins other than for the "acute phase" type. In contrast, full hyperalimentation spared more body protein and fat, restored plasma amino acids to normal while plasma cortisol and acute pohase proteins were lower. Plasma transferrin, prealbumin and retinol binding protein were increased, as previously shown, while clinical outcome was more favorable. It is concluded that glucose is essential to ensure optimum utilization of amino acids for both muscle and liver protein synthesis and, therefore, intravenous hyperalimentation is preferable to amino acids alone after major colorectal surgery.
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PMID:A controlled study of protein-sparing therapy after excision of the rectum: effects of intravenous amino acids and hyperalimentation on body composition and plasma amino acids. 677 84

Liver blood flow and exchange of oxygen, glucose, lactate, and amino acids were measured in pigs at the same time as the peripheral arteriovenous (A-V) difference of these substances was determined. Four groups of animals were studied; they were normal postabsorptive, septic fasted, and septic infused either with complete parenteral nutrition (4.25% mixed amino acid solution with 25% glucose) or an isocaloric solution of 1.8% leucine with glucose. Sepsis in the pig caused a rise in arterial concentration of all essential amino acids except tryptophan and a decrease of most of the others. The liver uptake of the sum of all amino acids rose from nonsignificant values to 26.03 mumol/min/kg at the same time as the peripheral A-V difference changed from +20.4 to -678.0 mumol/l. Hyperalimentation increased arterial amino acid concentration, whereas peripheral A-V difference decreased to -132.3 mumol/l. The total liver uptake of amino acids was 24.80 mumol/min/kg but with a higher proportion of essential amino acids than in the fasted septic state suggesting increased liver protein synthesis. When leucine and glucose were infused the peripheral A-V difference of the sum of all amino acids was only -45.6 mumol/l indicating an almost complete cessation of muscle proteolysis. The arterial plasma concentration of all amino acids except leucine, glutamine, and glutamate were markedly reduced. Although hepatic clearance rate of amino acids fell only slightly, due to the low plasma concentrations, the liver uptake decreased substantially to 7.37 mumol/min/kg suggesting a decreased liver protein synthesis which could be deleterious in the presence of sepsis.
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PMID:The effects of hyperalimentation and infused leucine on the amino acid metabolism in sepsis: an experimental study in vivo. 678 84

Transport of leucine by the small intestine of obese (ob/ob) mice has been compared with that by intestine of lean controls at various stages in the development of the syndrome. At 10 weeks of age, when hyperphagia and hyperinsulinaemia are at their peak, transport (expressed per gram dry weight) of a physiological concentration of leucine (5 mM) by luminally perfused whole small intestine of obese mice was significantly lower both in vitro (-45%) and in vivo (-27%). Experiments involving fasting and long-term partial dietary restriction of obese mice suggested that the reduction in leucine transport was probably not a consequence of hyperphagia. The absence of any difference between lean and obese mice in the kinetics of unidirectional influx of leucine across the brush border contrasted with the findings from the luminal perfusion experiments. This discrepancy could indicate that the effect of the (ob/ob) genotype on leucine transport was at a stage in the process of transepithelial transport distal to the brush border, perhaps that of movement across the basolateral membrane.
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PMID:Transport of leucine by the small intestine of lean and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. 682 45


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