Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Modulation of feeding by opiates, putative satiety peptides, and dopamine was explored in the Chinese hamster, an animal that develops diabetes mellitus in certain inbred strains. Diabetic hamsters were hyperphagic relative to their nondiabetic controls, but both groups exhibited natural circadian variation in feeding. Starvation provoked hyperphagia of about 1-h duration in both groups. Naloxone and butorphanol had no effects on Chinese hamster feeding. Opiate receptor binding on Chinese hamster brains demonstrated no specific binding of naloxone or ethylketocyclazocine, but IR-dynorphin concentrations were comparable with that in rats. N-allylnormetazocine, a sigma-opiate receptor agonist, appeared to stimulate diabetic hamster feeding. Peptides reputed to have satiety effects in rats were without effect in Chinese hamsters: cholecystokinin, bombesin, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. Calcitonin limited feeding in both groups but may be nonspecific. Dopaminergic blockade by haloperidol also limited feeding, and diabetic hamsters were more sensitive to this. Although Chinese hamsters clearly can modulate their food intake when diabetic, we conclude that the opiatergic and peptidergic influences on feeding are very different from those in rats and may be of little importance.
Am J Physiol 1984 Sep
PMID:Feeding systems in Chinese hamsters. 614 21

A review of the clinical course of gastroenteritis in 274 hospitalized children revealed a severe form of the disease. Eight-eight per cent were aged 12 months or under and 20% had severe associated malnutrition. The commonest clinical manifestations were diarrhoea (100%), dehydration (98.9%), vomiting (81.4%) and fever (77.7%). Pathogens were isolated from 75.2% of cases (rotavirus 24.5%, Escherichia coli 20.8%, salmonellae 20%, shigellae 6.2%, campylobacter 2.2% and Yersinia enterocolitica in 1.5%). Septicaemia was confirmed in 12 patients (4.4%) and strong clinical evidence of septicaemia was present in 36 more cases (13%). Dehydration was isonatraemic in 68%, hyponatraemic in 21% and hypernatraemic in 11% of cases. There was a clear association between septicaemia and hyponatraemia. The overall mortality rate was 1.8%. Data from our study show that the use of intravenous hyperalimentation, and/or antibiotics in the management of gastroenteritis in selected patients, can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality.
Ann Trop Paediatr 1982 Sep
PMID:Gastroenteritis in a regional hospital in Kuwait: some aspects of the disease. 619 27

To study some hormonal and metabolic factors contributing to the regulation of body fat mass, food intake, and the circadian lipogenesis-lipolysis pattern, insulin and glucose responses to intravenous glucose loads were measured in both phases of the light-dark cycle in two groups of rats considered to be below their level of body fat mass regulation [rats with lesion of the ventromedial hypothalamus nuclei (VMH) in the "dynamic" phase of obesity and food-restricted rats during the refeeding phase] compared with the responses of two other groups at this level (VMH-lesioned rats in "static" phase and normal rats). Glucose tolerance and insulin release were greater during the dynamic phase and to a lesser degree during refeeding than during the static phase and normal feeding. The differences between night and day found in normal rats disappeared in dynamic and refed animals and reappeared at the level of static phase. Thus the normal circadian hormonal metabolic patterns responsible for increased lipogenesis and relative hyperphagia during the night and lipolysis with hypophagia during the day were lost in rats below their level of body fat mass regulation and were reinstated in animals on returning to this level.
Am J Physiol 1983 Sep
PMID:Endocrine basis for weight gain after fasting or VMH lesion in rats. 635 33

Dormice (Glis glis) undergo spontaneous cyclic changes in food intake and body weight. These infradian cycles with a periodicity of about 2 mo are endogenously controlled, since they persist in conditions of constant temperature and photoperiod. To evaluate the role of insulin as an effector of hyperphagia and fattening in dormice, experiments were conducted to study pancreatic function and adipose tissue metabolism during several phases of the infradian cycle. During the weight loss phase, peripheral insulin resistance occurs in the absence of hyperinsulinism. This resistance is not corrected by weight loss. Weight loss phase animals showed poor glucose tolerance and an impaired in vitro glucose-stimulated insulin secretion; these were not attributable to reduced pancreatic insulin content. Although basal glucose transport and basal, as well as insulin-stimulated, glucose utilization in isolated adipocytes were depressed during the weight loss phase, insulin-stimulated transport was significant. The data offer no evidence that insulin has a direct causal role in the development of spontaneous obesity in this species.
Am J Physiol 1983 Sep
PMID:Spontaneous obesity and weight loss: insulin action in the dormouse. 635 39

Ciglitazone, 5-[4-(1-methylcyclohexylmethoxy) benzyl]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione, is a new hypoglycemic agent orally active in the obese-hyperglycemic animal models. In C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice, treatment with 100 mg/kg ciglitazone for 2 days elicited a drastic fall in blood glucose. It also decreased plasma insulin, triglycerides, and free fatty acids and food intake without affecting the body weight. Its hypoglycemic activity was independent of its effect on food intake. Regranulation of islet beta-cells and increased pancreatic insulin content were observed in ob/ob mice treated for 41-44 days with 100 mg/kg/day ciglitazone. Ciglitazone showed no effect on food intake, blood glucose, or pancreatic islet beta-cells in a group of lean C57BL/6J-+/? mice concomitantly treated at a dose of 150 mg/kg/day. In C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice, ciglitazone decreased blood glucose and food intake. The untreated db/db mice lost weight despite hyperphagia, whereas the ciglitazone-treated db/db mice gained weight. In the spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamsters, ciglitazone showed no significant effect on food intake, body weight, blood glucose, or insulin content in either plasma or pancreas, but it lowered plasma lipids. In normal rats, ciglitazone failed to affect fasting blood glucose but improved glucose tolerance without increasing insulin secretory response to glucose. In streptozotocin-diabetic rats, it showed no effect on blood glucose or glycemic response to exogenous insulin. The hypoglycemic activity of ciglitazone was specific for obese-hyperglycemic and insulin-resistant animals.
Diabetes 1983 Sep
PMID:Ciglitazone, a new hypoglycemic agent. I. Studies in ob/ob and db/db mice, diabetic Chinese hamsters, and normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. 635 90

Behavioral interventions have had limited success in managing the chronic hyperphagia and obesity that are of presumed organic etiology in Prader-Willi syndrome. Thus, frequent foraging for food and covert consumption continue to be health-threatening problems for many Prader-Willi individuals. This case study was designed to replicate methods for assessment and treatment of food theft. A token program based on differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior and response-cost eliminated theft in three hospital settings. Prior to discharge, the program was expanded to include contingencies on exercise behavior and weight loss, and staff from the subject's group home residence were trained to implement a modified program in the natural environment. Reduced food theft and continued weight loss were maintained in the group home and an apartment-living arrangement. A total of 81 lb (37 kg) was lost during a 2-yr period.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 1983 Sep
PMID:Reduction of food theft and long-term maintenance of weight loss in a Prader-Willi adult. 635 72

Atypical depressions are those characterized by high levels of phobic anxiety or by reversed vegetative symptoms such as hypersomnia and hyperphagia. Patients with such depressions may present overtly for treatment. However, they may also present within other diagnostic categories such as personality disorder or somatic complaints. The comparative roles of monoamine oxidase inhibitors, heterocyclic antidepressants, and other biologic treatments for atypical depressions are discussed.
Psychiatr Clin North Am 1984 Sep
PMID:Atypical depression. 638 59

A microcomputer was programmed by ICU personnel to serve as a ready-reference manual data organizer, and source of continuing education. All members of the ICU staff can use the system at any time and no prior training in computer technology is required. Ten programs dealing with common clinical situations are in use, including arterial blood gas analysis, electrolyte analysis, differential diagnosis of shock, adverse drug interactions, inotrope calculations and infusion rates, ventilator management and trouble-shooting, management of intravenous hyperalimentation, derived cardiovascular variables, and coronary risk factor analysis and management. Medication errors have almost been eliminated with use of the computer. Total cost of the system is less than $5000.
Heart Lung 1983 Sep
PMID:Use of a microcomputer in the intensive care unit. 641 60

Proximal gastrointestinal disease or injury that prevents adequate enteral alimentation is a difficult management problem. Recently, total parenteral nutrition has been shown to be important in maintaining these patients and the management of these problems. However, central intravenous hyperalimentation is associated with well-described problems and has other advantages. This article describes a technique for catheterizing a distal portion of the gastrointestinal tract for the provision of adequate enteral alimentation using an angiographic catheter and fluoroscopy.
Am Surg 1983 Sep
PMID:Enteral alimentation using fluoroscopically placed catheters. 641 53

To evaluate satiety in the hyperphagic, genetically obese Zucker "fatty" (fafa) rat, food-deprived fatty and lean (FaFa) control rats were given equicaloric intragastric infusions consisting largely of fat, carbohydrate, or protein. Relative to distilled water infusion, these infusions resulted in immediate reductions of food intake in both fatty and lean rats allowed to feed 20 min post-infusion. Cumulative food intakes remained reduced throughout the 2 hr period of observation. Thus, despite its hyperphagia, the fatty rat is responsive to the satiating effect of infused nutrients. However, the relative satiating effectiveness of the macronutrient infusions differed for the two genotypes. In lean rats, the different macronutrient infusions resulted in equivalent reductions of feeding. In contrast, in fatty rats, fat was the least satiating and protein was the most satiating macronutrient. Moreover, compared to lean rats, fatty rats displayed less initial suppression of feeding after fat infusion and greater overall suppression after protein infusion. These effects are consistent with the long-term feeding behavior of the fatty rat for the different macronutrients and may be related to pre- and postabsorptive metabolic alterations that have been documented in this animal.
Physiol Behav 1983 Sep
PMID:The satiety effects of intragastric macronutrient infusions in fatty and lean Zucker rats. 641 87


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10