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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Issuing from the present state of the influence of the basic nutritive substances (protein, fat, carbohydrates) and various nutritive factors discussed again and again (cholesterol, erucaic acid, sodium, calcium/magnesium quotient, pressor amines) on the development of the arteriosclerosis, the indididual factors of influence are critically evaluated. The investigations are getting under way, so that ascertained results are standing beside insufficiently claified or open problems, From the abundance of the observations conclusions are drawn which are of significance for practice. Unfavourable influences of nutrition on the factors of risk (hyperlipoproteinaemia, disturbance of the carbohydrate tolerance, hyperuricaemia, hyperalimentation) and on the manifest diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, uric arthritis, obesity) of the metabolic syndrome which finally contribute to the development of arteriosclerosis are emphasized. In front of this background a clinically and ambulatorily tested basic metabolic diet is described. About 20% of the energy content (kcal or kJ) of this diet are protein, 35% fat and 45% are carbohydrates. The saturated fatty acids lie below 30%, the manifold saturated fatty acids, however, above 20% of the total fat proportion. The cholesterol content is below 400 mg, the purin-nitrogen below 200 mg, and the sodium content is about 2g per day. This diet can be produced for the treatment of persons with normal weight and overweight in different energetic degradations.
Z Gesamte Inn Med 1978 Sep 01
PMID:[Nutrition and arteriosclerosis]. 70

Carcinoma of the esophagus continues to have a low 5-year cure rate despite advances in radical surgery and super-voltage radiation. Neither patient education nor newer diagnostic techniques have improved survival. The reported operative mortality is 4 to 30% for esophagogastrostomy and 10 to 44% for colon interposition. Average survival time with surgery is 11 to 28 months and 5 to 11 months with irradiation. Local recurrence is high (33 to 76%) with irradiation. The reported 5-year survival rate with preoperative irradiation followed by surgery is higher (14 to 25%). Recent reports have concentrated on improving functional rehabilitation rather than improving cure rates. Palliative surgery is more acceptable because of lowered operative morbidity and mortality and the high complication rate with radiation therapy for far advanced disease. New approaches of interest include fundoplication added to esophagogastrostomy, substernal gastric bypass with anastomosis in the neck, reversed gastric tube (Heimlich operation), the addition of postoperative rather than preoperative irradiation in patients with potentially curable lesions, the use of preoperative hyperalimentation, and the potential application of immunotherapy.
Ann Thorac Surg 1978 Sep
PMID:Carcinoma of the esophagus. 75 96

In rhesus monkeys with knife cuts which disconnected the ventromedial hypothalamus and produced hypothalamic hyperphagia, we have studied a variety of stimuli known to reduce food intake: weight gain, emotionally arousing stimuli, bitter-tasting food, amphetamine, and pre-prandial intragastric infusion of nutrient. We demonstrate that these animals are similar to animals with ventromedial lesions in passing through a "dynamic" phase of overeating and weight gain and then stabilizing their body weight at a new level by reducing their feeding in a "static" phase. These animals are also more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of noise and bad taste in food. They, however, are less sensitive to the anorexic action of amphetamine. These results suggest that the ventromedial region is not crucial for the inhibitions produced by emotional arousal under our experimental conditions, but plays some role in amphetamine anorexia. Amphetamine is likely to have some specific anorexic action beyond its potential for arousal, since the same animals which are sensitive to the inhibitory effects of arousal are also resistant to amphetamine. Finally these hyperphagic animals do not differ from intact controls in the reduction of food intake produced by preloading with intragastric nutrient. This result is not consistent with the concepts that hypothalamic hyperphagia is caused by a disruption of satiety and that the ventromedial hypothalmic region is a crucial "satiety" centre.
Brain 1975 Sep
PMID:Inhibitions of feeding examined in rhesus monkeys with hypothalamic disconnexions. 81 Feb 15

Hyperalimentation can be used safely on an infrequent basis by a physician who has once familiarized himself with the basic information, if he is willing to reread pertinent information with each use and is compulsive about following a good protocol and using flow sheets. Hyperalimentation can be used safely in a community hospital when there are interested nurses, willing to learn and apply the protocol. There should be some sort of warning system for a malfunctioning hyperalimentation line, be it a pump with a warning buzzer or an ever-present nurse. The hospital should have a pharmacy with one or two skilled people who can aseptically prepare the solution using closed techniques. A laboratory should be immediately available to run SMA-6, SMA-12, blood pH, and obtain in reasonable time a serum osolarity and serum magnesium reading.
Am Surg 1976 Sep
PMID:A protocol for hyperalimentation in a community hospital. 82 73

Food constitutes the most complex part of our chemical environment. Naturally occurring substances in food, such as goitrogens and estrogens, are toxicants. However, there is a difference of degree between toxicity and hazard, and the hazard to man in normal good health from naturally occurring toxicants in food is usually slight, because of (a) the small concentrations and (b) antagonistic interactions between toxicants which provide "safety in numbers." Hazard from foods may indeed exist under some circumstances, such as the presence of abnormal contaminants, ingestion of abnormal amounts, or abnormal susceptibility existing in some disease states. However, the major hazards of the dinner table can ordinarily be ascribed to careless food handling, unbalanced or fad diets, or overeating.
J Am Diet Assoc 1975 Sep
PMID:Natural toxicants in foods. 115 Oct 26

Fifty-two premature, low birth weight infants presented mainly in the first week of life with sudden manifestations of intestinal ileus and an x-ray picture of pneumatosis intestinalis. Twenty-two of 32 patients treated with gastric decompression, antibiotics, intensive supportive therapy and intravenous hyperalimentation survived. Twenty other patients had progression of their disease and required operation. Twelve of these patients survived. Review of this material indicated that some medically treated patients might have survived if they had been operated upon. Indications for operation included free perforation and clinical signs of deterioration. Abdominal physical findings and x-rays were not reliable except as signs of far advanced pathology. Confirmation of ascites by paracentesis and gram stain of fluid was helpful when present. If patients were adequately treated and then developed sudden hyponatremia or progressive acidosis, they invariably had gangrenous bowel and required operation. The most striking finding was that a sudden, profound drop in the platelet count to levels below 100,000 reliably predicted the presence of gangrenous bowel and the need for operation. Other clotting studies indicated that disseminated intravascular coagulation is an important accompaniment of NNE with the complication of bowel gangrene prior to perforation. Gastrostomy and resection of involved bowel with staged anastomosis proved to be the most successful form of surgical management. Overall suvival was 66 per cent.
Ann Surg 1975 Sep
PMID:Necrotizing enterocolitis in the newborn: operative indications. 116 56

With the use of ethanol in hyperalimentation regimens and for the inhibition of premature labor, there is increased opportunity for exposure of the fetus to this potentially toxic substance. We reviewed the literature regarding the effects of ethanol on the fetus and neonate, and illustrate its potential toxicity by the report of a case of neonatal depression secondary to acute maternal ethanol ingestion.
Am J Dis Child 1975 Sep
PMID:Acute transplacental ethanol intoxication. 119 Jan 80

Hepatic-portal infusions of small or large flucose loads in the rabbit had little or no stimulating effect on postinfusion food intake. However, marked differential changes in appetite were observed when small and large glucose loads were infused into the duodenum. The satiating effect of small glucose loads contrasted sharply with an unusually high increase in food intake triggered by the infusions of larger amounts of glucose into the duodenum. The results are interpreted in terms of a possible involvement of the enteroinsular mechanism in the regulation of food intake. This mechanism is bypassed and its influence on food intake eliminated when glucose is infused directly into the portal circulation. The positive relationship between large amounts of alimentary carbohydrates and overeating is seen as a factor that may actively promote the development of obesity and diabetes mellitus.
Am J Physiol 1975 Sep
PMID:Satiety and hunger induced by small and large duodenal loads of isotonic glucose. 121 47

Although characterized as hypothyroid, streptozotocin-diabetic rats have reduced serotonin turnover (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid/serotonin, 5-HIAA/5-HT) in brain stem, while hypothyroid rats have increased 5-HIAA/5-HT. In the present study the two treatments were combined to determine if they affected 5-HIAA/5-HT through the same mechanism. In addition, an alternative method was used to assess 5-HT activity in thyroidectomized (TX) rats, i.e. measurement of 5-HT disappearance after inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA). Adult male rats were first TX (experiment 1) or given methimazole (METH; experiment 3). Two weeks later, diabetes (DB) was induced with streptozotocin in hypothyroid rats and euthyroid controls. Two weeks later, functional measurements were taken. Rats were then killed, and spinal cord and brain stem serotonin turnover (5-HIAA/5-HT), as well as plasma T3, T4 and corticosterone (CORT) concentrations were measured. TX attenuated diabetic hyperphagia and weight loss. DB alone led to moderate reductions in T3 and T4, but the hormones were barely detectable in plasma of TX and METH rats. CORT was elevated in DB but was not affected by TX. Open field activity was not affected by DB or TX. TX and METH significantly increased 5-HIAA/5-HT in both spinal cord and brain stem. TX also led to enhanced disappearance of 5-HT after PCPA. DB significantly reduced 5-HIAA/5-HT, suggesting independent effects of the treatments. However, DB-TX rats still had significantly higher 5-HIAA/5-HT than control-sham surgery rats, while DB-METH rats had 5-HIAA/5-HT indistinguishable from controls. In both cases, prior induction of primary hypothyroidism interfered with the expected diabetes-induced reduction in 5-HT turnover.
Neuroendocrinology 1992 Sep
PMID:Streptozotocin-induced decreases in serotonin turnover are prevented by thyroidectomy. 127 45

A 61-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of hoarseness and abnormal shadow on chest X-ray. We diagnosed this patient as large cell carcinoma of the right upper lobe of the lung; T3N3M1 Stage IV. She was treated with OK-432, CDDP and CQ. On the 6th day after 2nd cycle chemotherapy, she was confused, and we diagnosed her as a case of hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HNC) on the 7th day. Unfortunately, she died on the 8th day, after 20 hours of treatment for HNC. She suffered from chronic dehydration due to trouble with left recurrent nerve palsy. Although continuous intravenous hyperalimentation was used, she had severe HNC. HNC might be one complication in chemotherapy for patients with malignancy.
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1992 Sep
PMID:[A case of hyperosmolar nonketotic coma occurring during chemotherapy in lung cancer]. 132 54


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