Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

beta-Aspartyl-methionine, -aspartic acid and -glutamic acid and gamma-glutamyl-threonine and -glycine were isolated and identified in human urine by ion-exchange chromatography, high-voltage paper electrophoresis, acid hydrolysis and determination of N-terminal amino acids of the isolated compounds, and comparison of their behaviors in paper electrophoresis and chromatography with those of the authentic compounds. The concentrations of acidic beta-aspartyl dipeptides in human urine were determined using an amino acid analyzer. Their concentrations were as follows: beta-aspartyl-glycine, male, 44.4 +/- 8.5, female, 61.4 +/- 18.9, child, 83.7 +/- 27.1; -alanine, male, 11.0 +/- 4.9, female, 20.7 +/- 12.0, child, 25.3 +/- 9.1; -glutamic acid, male, 10.0 +/- 3.7, female, 23.0 +/- 8.5, child, 20.4 +/- 7.5; -serine, male, 9.9 +/- 2.8, female, 13.6 +/- 3.8, child, 14.9 +/- 4.7; -aspartic acid, male, 4.3 +/- 1.0, female, 9.1 +/- 2.2, child, 18.4 +/- 6.5; -threonine, male 3.9 +/- 0.9, female, 5.8 +/- 1.1, child, 13.2 +/- 4.9 mumol/g creatinine (mean +/- S.D.). The order of the sum of their concentrations tended to be child greater than female greater than male. Patients receiving intravenous hyperalimentation also excreted acidic beta-aspartyl dipeptides into urine in amounts similar to those in females and in a pattern similar to that observed in healthy persons. This finding indicates that urinary beta-aspartyl dipeptides were probably of endogenous origin because oral nutrition was stringently excluded in these patients.
J Biochem 1978 Sep
PMID:Isolation and identification of urinary beta-aspartyl dipeptides and their concentrations in human urine. 3 58

The present experiments have tested the hypothesis that ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions enhance insulin secretion by neural mechanisms. Rats were made diabetic by injecting streptozotocin to destroy their own pancreatic beta-cells. Subsequently, transplants of fetal pancreatic tissue were placed under the renal capsule. VMH lesions were placed in rats whose diabetes was cured with transplants as well as sham-transplanted animals. The animals were followed for 4 wk. The lesioned rats with pancreatic transplants gained no more weight than the sham-operated controls. There was no significant rise in insulin in the transplanted rats after VMH lesioning, but the VMH lesioned rats with intact pancreatic tissue showed the expected rise in insulin. Food intake rose 71% in the VMH lesioned rats with intact beta-cells, but only 23% in the VMH lesioned rats with transplants. Hypertrophy of the pancreatic islets was also observed in the VMH lesioned rats with an intact pancreas, but was not found in the VMH lesioned rats with a transplanted pancreas. Thus, transplantation of pancreatic tissue beneath the renal capsule of diabetic rats prevented the characteristic hyperphagia, hyperinsulinemia, and obesity in VMH lesioned rats whose pancreas was free from intact innervation. The results support the hypothesis that neural mediation of the rise in insulin is the primary factor in the development of hypothalamic obesity.
Am J Physiol 1978 Sep
PMID:Transplantation of pancreatic beta-cells prevents development of hypothalamic obesity in rats. 10 13

Elemental enteral alimentation (EEA) is an alternative to parenteral nutrition in patients with a functioning gastrointestinal tract and increased caloric requirements or in whom regular oral feeding is impossible or impractical. EEA is given by nasogastric, jejunostomy, or gastrostomy tube. It is useful in cases of short-gut syndrome, pancreatic disease, partial intestinal obstruction, colitis, neuropsychiatric cachexia, trauma, fistula, vascular insult, and renal and liver disease, as well as in patients being prepared for surgery or requiring hyperalimentation after surgery or abdominal irradiation. Strict attention must be paid to fluid and electrolyte status and to blood and urine glucose levels in patients receiving EEA. With use of a nasogastric tube, infection of the middle ear is a possible but uncommon complication.
Postgrad Med 1978 Sep
PMID:Meeting exceptional nutritional needs. 2. Elemental enteral alimentation. 10 Jul 74

Gastroschisis complicated by intestinal atresia is a complex problem. Six cases are presented. A review of the literature and of our own cases shows a high mortality rate. Success or failure is related more to the pathology present than to any specific method of operative management. Resection and primary anastomosis is the favored method of treatment, as the intestine heals well in spite of its appearance. Primary closure of the abdominal wall musculature and skin is done whenever possible. A gastrostomy is used uniformly. Intravenous hyperalimentation is critical to survival of these babies and should be used early. The use of this therapeutic modality allows for the onset of gastrointestinal function spontaneously (often over prolonged periods of time) without nutritional deprivation. Intestinal atresias almost always are easy to identify in babies with gastroschisis. Extensive dissection and mobilization of this friable intestine is contraindicated in those babies in whom an atresia is not obvious but only suspected. In such cases the gastroschisis defect should be managed by whatever method is deemed appropriate and the baby observed while receiving intravenous nutritional support. If an atresia is present, it can be managed later in the baby's course by resection and primary anastomosis.
Surgery 1977 Sep
PMID:Gastroschisis complicated by intestinal atresia. 14 11

The aim of this study was to discover which of three major abnormalities of the genetically obese Zucker rat (fa/fa), namely hyperphagia, excess adiposity, and hyperlipidemia, is the first to appear prior to manifest obesity, i.e., before weaning. Suckling fa/fa rats, bred from heterozygous parents, were detected by sizing fat cells obtained from an inguinal fat pad biopsy. Cell hypertrophy was observed in fa/fa rats, compared to Fa/-littermates of the same sex, as soon as 5-7 days after birth. Prediction of fa/fa genotype at this age by this method was assessed using a series of 80 pups and proved to be totally successful. The identity of the "predicted" obese pups was confirmed morphologically at 6 weeks of age. Food (milk) intake was estimated from water turnover rates determined on 86 pups aged 2-8 days using tritiated water. The results show that 7-day-old fa/fa rats had heavier inguinal fat pads with larger adipocytes and higher lipoprotein lipase activity than their lean controls. There was no genotype effect on water intake adjusted to body weight during the first week of life. Moreover weight of stomach contents and triglyceridemia were similar in all animals at 7 days. These results show that excess adiposity develops in the fa/fa rat during the first week of life, before hypertriglyceridemia and hyperphagia, and raises the question of whether this adiposity results from a defect in energy expenditure or an abnormality of fat cell storage capacity, or both.
J Lipid Res 1979 Sep
PMID:Onset of genetic obesity in the absence of hyperphagia during the first week of life in the Zucker rat (fa/fa). 29 Jul 21

Safe and consistently reliable parenteral hyperalimentation in the care of the critically ill or injured remains an unrealized expectation. Our experience with critically ill patients managed with standard 25% dextrose/4.25% protein hyperalimentation solution (S.H.A.) delivered through a centrally placed catheter demonstrated that S.H.A. was associated with a high catheter infection rate, fluctuations in hyperosmolar tolerance, unstable insulin requirements, and a high discontinuation rate. In retrospect this unsatisfactory experience resulted from the inappropriate assumption that a single type of nutritional support and delivery system could meet the varying metabolic requirements of the critically ill or injured. In an effort to reduce these complications, we have recently utilized a system of selective hyperalimentation in managing 25 consecutive patients. We now identify specific risk factors for groups of patients and use these factors to select the appropriate rout and solution. Selective hyperalimentation has resulted in a lowering of infusion complications and an improvement in completion rate, with satisfactory weight gain and protein response. These results suggest that our approach is sucessful in meeting the nutritional requirements of differing groups of critically ill patients without exposing upsuitable candidates to the potential risks of standard hyperalimentation.
J Trauma 1977 Sep
PMID:Selective hyperalimentation: a new look at an old problem. 40 8

A new program of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for surgical neonates has been described an investigated. The program is based on the use of fat emulsion as the major source of calories and infusion of large volumes of the solution via peripheral veins. This program has three main advantages over conventional hyperalimentation using a central venous catheter: (1) it avoids complications such as septicemia, thrombosis of large vessels, and metabolic complications such as hyperglycemia or osmotic diuresis; (2) it provides physiological nutritive elements containing a normal composition of glucose, protein, and fat; and (3) it is easy to start and manage the TPN using a peripheral vein. Thirty-four neonatal surgical patients with life-threatening gastrointestinal anomalies have been placed on this TPN program. Infusion of fat emulsion and large volumes of fluid were well tolerated and all patients gained weight during the period of observation.
Arch Surg 1977 Sep
PMID:Total parenteral nutrition using peripheral veins in surgical neonates. 40 73

Measurement of energy balance during voluntary overeating in rats unequivocally establishes the quantitative importance of diet-induced thermogenesis in energy balance. Like cold-induced thermogenesis, this form of heat production involves changes in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and brown adipose tissue which suggest that this tissue may determine metabolic efficiency and resistance to obesity.
Nature 1979 Sep 06
PMID:A role for brown adipose tissue in diet-induced thermogenesis. 55 Dec 65

Six patients who originally received radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease or primary gastric lymphoma developed radiation injury of the stomach requiring surgical management. Only two of these patients had evidence of gastric neoplastic involvement at the time of treatment. Experience with these patients leads us to draw the following conclusions: (1) Symptoms of radiation injury mimic those of recurrent neoplastic disease. (2) The effects of radiation are progressive and may be resistant to medical management. (3) The indications for surgical management include perforation, hemorrhage, obstruction, intractable pain, fistula formation, and inability to rule out recurrence. (4) Parenteral hyperalimentation can be an important adjunct in preparing debilitated patients for operation. (5) Gastric resection with gastrojejunostomy is the preferred operation. (6) Frozen section examination can be useful in determining the proper level of resection.
Am J Surg 1977 Sep
PMID:Gastric complications after radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease and other lymphomas. 57 92

Colchicine, a drug which produces a reversible inhibition of intraaxonal transport and synaptic transmission, was used as a reversible neural blocker to investigate the role of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) in the control of ingestive behavior and body weight regulation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received intracranial microinjections of colchicine into the VMH. Volume and concentration of the colchicine solution were varied to assess specificity of action and dose-response relationship. When colchicine (2 and 4 microgram) was microinjected bilaterally into the VMH, there was a dose-dependent increase in food and water intakes and body weight gain which lasted several days. The acute period of hyperphagia was followed by a marked depression in feeding which persisted until body weight was lowered to control levels. This suppression of feeding appeared to be a consequence of the preceding period of hyperphagia and obesity, since colchicine-treated rats which were pair-fed with controls to prevent obesity continued to maintain normal food intake and body weight gain when later fed ad libitum. The results of this study confirm the importance of the VMH in the long term regulation of feeding, and indicate that reversible neuronal blocking with colchicine is a useful technique for investigating the neural substrates of feeding and other behaviors.
Brain Res 1978 Sep 15
PMID:Reversible hyperphagia and obesity following intracerebral microinjections of colchicine into the ventromedial hypothalamus of the rat. 67 51


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>