Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Overt diabetes (NIDDM) was induced by overeating in neonatally streptozocin (60 mg/kg.BW) treated impaired glucose tolerant mice. We imposed a food restriction and a high fiber diet to evaluate the effects of dietary treatment in this NIDDM model mouse. Furthermore, insulin secretion after the dietary treatment was studied using the perfused pancreas technique. One group of IGT mice (SZ) was maintained on ordinary mouse chow during 6 to 14 weeks of age. The others received a cookie and chocolate mashed diet (C.C. diet) to induce overt diabetes during 6 to 10 weeks of age. Thereafter, the mice with induced overt diabetes were divided according to their diet treatment. The C.C. diet was continued in one group (SZC) for 4 weeks, and the others were divided into a food restriction group (SZR: 4 g/mouse/day of ordinary mouse chow, for 4 weeks) and a high fiber diet group (SZF: 20% W/W of cellulose in ordinary mouse chow, for 8 weeks). The mean caloric intake/mouse/day in SZC, SZR and SZF were 140, 80 and 98% of that in SZ, respectively. Amelioration of hyperglycemia and impaired glucose tolerance was noted in SZR and SZF. A better glycemic control was obtained in SZF with keeping a normal growth rate. On the pancreas perfusion, the insulin secretion to 30 mM glucose was improved in SZR and SZF. Furthermore, the incremental first phase peak insulin release to 30 mM glucose in SZF was significantly greater than that in SZC (SZF, 10.5 +/- 1.0 vs. SZC, 4.5 +/- 1.9 microU/min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Dietary treatment ameliorates overt diabetes and decreased insulin secretion to glucose, induced by overeating in impaired glucose tolerant mice. 217 33

A vertical banded gastroplasty was performed in an adult female patient with Prader-Willi syndrome in an attempt to prevent the metabolic deterioration caused by polyphagia. After her operation, the patient felt satiated with the scheduled amount of food and one month later, her fasting blood sugar concentration (FBS) decreased from 521 to 125 mg/dl, and her urinary sugar excretion (US) from 257 to 9 g/day. Both glucose tolerance and insulin secretion were also improved. However, these parameters subsequently became worse after dietary control was lost since the surgical procedure alone was unable to continue to suppress the insatiable desire to eat food. Both her glucose tolerance and insulin secretion by the 31st postoperative month were better than before the surgery, but worse than at one month after the surgery. At the end of the surgery, but worse than at one month after the surgery. At the end of the 34th postoperative month, even under the temporary administration of 0.625 mg/day of glibenclamide, her FBS was 158 mg/dl and US, 38.1 g/day. Her body weight had also increased to over her preoperative value. Based on these results, we conclude that the effect of gastroplasty to prevent metabolic deterioration in our patient with Prader-Willi syndrome gradually diminishes.
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PMID:Metabolic changes following gastroplasty in Prader-Willi syndrome--a case report. 219 82

The adequate management of the exocrine secretion of vascularized pancreas transplants is still controversial. Basically, the exocrine graft secretion may either be suppressed by obstruction of the pancreatic ducts or preserved by drainage into the recipient's enteric or urinary tract. In a model of isogenic pancreas transplantation in streptozotocin diabetic rats the impact of preserved versus suppressed exocrine secretion on the quality of endocrine graft function was investigated. Preservation of the exocrine secretion was accomplished by pancreaticoduodenal transplantation, while duct ligation was used to suppress the exocrine secretion. Endocrine graft function was monitored by determination of non-fasting blood glucose levels, intravenous glucose tolerance tests, peripheral insulin levels, water and food intake as well as urine and faeces production. Suppression of the exocrine graft secretion induced acinar atrophy, proliferation of pancreatic ducts, interstitial cell infiltration and fragmentation of islets of Langerhans, while drainage of the exocrine graft secretion completely preserved the architecture of the transplant. Despite the fundamental structural changes induces by exocrine suppression no deterioration of endocrine graft function was noted within the observation period of one year. Both techniques were equally effective in ameliorating the diabetic hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, reduced glucose tolerance, polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria and restored normal growth rate and general health of diabetic pancreas graft recipients. Thus it can be concluded that suppression of the exocrine secretion does not impair the quality of endocrine function of pancreas transplants.
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PMID:[Suppression of exocrine secretion does not lead to disruption of endocrine function of pancreas transplants]. 220 50

The effects on glucose homeostasis of eleven plants used as traditional treatments for diabetes mellitus were evaluated in normal and streptozotocin diabetic mice. Dried leaves of agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), blackberry (Rubus fructicosus), celandine (Chelidonium majus), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), lady's mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris), and lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis); seeds of coriander (Coriandrum sativum); dried berries of juniper (Juniperus communis); bulbs of garlic (Allium sativum) and roots of liquorice (Glycyrhizza glabra) were studied. Each plant material was supplied in the diet (6.25% by weight) and some plants were additionally supplied as decoctions or infusions (1 g/400 ml) in place of drinking water to coincide with the traditional method of preparation. Food and fluid intake, body weight gain, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in normal mice were not altered by 12 days of treatment with any of the plants. After administration of streptozotocin (200 mg/kg i.p.) on day 12 the development of hyperphagia, polydipsia, body weight loss, hyperglycaemia and hypoinsulinaemia were not affected by blackberry, celandine, lady's mantle or lily of the valley. Garlic and liquorice reduced the hyperphagia and polydipsia but did not significantly alter the hyperglycaemia or hypoinsulinaemia. Treatment with agrimony, alfalfa, coriander, eucalyptus and juniper reduced the level of hyperglycaemia during the development of streptozotocin diabetes. This was associated with reduced polydipsia (except coriander) and a reduced rate of body weight loss (except agrimony). Alfalfa initially countered the hypoinsulinaemic effect of streptozotocin, but the other treatments did not affect the fall in plasma insulin. The results suggest that certain traditional plant treatments for diabetes, namely agrimony, alfalfa, coriander, eucalyptus and juniper, can retard the development of streptozotocin diabetes in mice.
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PMID:Traditional plant treatments for diabetes. Studies in normal and streptozotocin diabetic mice. 221 Jan 18

The influences of time and hyperphagia on cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose and insulin levels were compared in the obese Zucker rat and compared to its lean litter-mates. Following a 28 day acclimation period in a 12 hr light/dark cycle (08-20-08) animal facility, blood samples were obtained every 2 hr in both obese and lean rats over a 24 hr period (N = 48; Dec 1988); serum was measured enzymatically for cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose and by radioimmunoassay for insulin and cortisol levels. Synchronization with other animal studies was established by endogenous serum cortisol measurements (acrophase 18-20 HALO in both groups). Cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin and glucose concentrations were significantly greater per time interval in obese vs. lean rats. No circadian pattern was observed in glucose concentrations in either rat group. Insulin levels peaked in both rat groups during the dark cycle; however, glucose and insulin levels were not correlated. Cholesterol concentrations were unchanged over time in obese as well as lean rats. Although triglyceride levels showed an acrophase at 13 HALO in lean rats, no circadian pattern was found in obese rats. Triglyceride levels remained elevated throughout the 24 hour period in obese rats whereas significant increases were observed in lean rats during the dark cycle. The present results suggest that triglyceride levels, and not insulin and cholesterol levels, are most likely dependent on feeding and activity patterns.
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PMID:Impact of time and feeding habits on lipid levels in Zucker obese rats. 221 11

The significance of portal venous drainage after whole-pancreas transplantation both for metabolic control and development of diabetic nephropathy was investigated. Streptozotocin-diabetic inbred LEW rats received a duct-ligated pancreas graft with either systemic or portal venous drainage and were followed for up to one year. Normal and untreated diabetic rats (n=18 in each group) served as controls. Irrespective of the route of venous drainage pancreas transplants normalized the diabetic polyuria, polyphagia, and polydipsia. Growth rates and general health did not differ from normal rats. Pancreas transplantation with portal venous drainage furthermore normalized nonfasting blood glucose and peripheral insulin levels, and intravenous glucose tolerance. Pancreas transplantation with systemic venous drainage, however, was associated with peripheral hyperinsulinemia, slightly elevated nonfasting blood glucose levels, and supranormal K-values in intravenous glucose tolerance tests. Though portal venous drainage was associated with better metabolic control than systemic venous drainage, both techniques of pancreas transplantation proved equally effective to prevent the development of diabetic glomerular membrane thickening determined 6 and 12 months posttransplant.
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PMID:Significance of portal venous drainage after whole-organ pancreas transplantation for endocrine graft function and prevention of diabetic nephropathy. 240 87

The hyperglycemic patient remains persistently at risk for infectious complications. Whether ascribable to diabetes mellitus, to the administration of glucocorticoids, or to the infusion of hyperalimentation fluids, hyperglycemia may impair several mechanisms of humoral host defense, including such varied neutrophil functions as adhesion, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. In addition, binding of glucose to the biochemically active site of the third component of complement C3 inhibits the attachment of this protein to the microbial surface and thereby impairs opsonization. Last, several pathogens frequently encountered in hyperglycemic patients possess unique mechanisms of virulence that flourish in the hyperglycemic environment. Most notable in this regard is the yeast Candida albicans, which expresses a glucose-inducible protein that is structurally and functionally homologous to a complement receptor on mammalian phagocytes. This protein promotes adhesion in the yeast and subverts phagocytosis by the host. Thus, hyperglycemia serves as a central mechanism in the predisposition of hyperglycemic patients to infection.
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PMID:Handicaps to host defense. Effects of hyperglycemia on C3 and Candida albicans. 240 80

Little definitive data are available concerning the effects of insulin deficiency on the hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of endogenous or xenobiotic substances. To expand our understanding of this area, male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with streptozotocin (45 mg/kg i.v.) to induce uncontrolled diabetes. Four to five weeks later, diabetic rats exhibited elevations in serum glucose (640 +/- 13 mg/dl), biliary glucose (307 +/- 35 mg/dl), urine output (166 +/- 11 ml/24 hr), basal bile flow rate (73 +/- 2 microliter/min/kg), liver weight/body weight ratio and bile acid pool size. Polyphagia and generalized muscle atrophy were also evident. Plasma disappearance and biliary excretion of several organic anions were studied after i.v. administration. There were no differences between control and diabetic rats in the plasma elimination and biliary excretion of eosin, phenol-3,6-dibromphthalein disulfonate and sulfobromophthalein. Although hepatic uptake was unchanged, the biliary excretion of amaranth was decreased 30% in diabetic rats. There were no differences in bile flow rate in control or diabetic rats after administration of these four anions. In contrast, administration of indocyanine green, bromcresol green and rose bengal did not depress bile flow in diabetic rats as was observed in control rats. In addition, the rate of maximal biliary excretion was increased by 390, 240 and 151% for rose bengal, indocyanine green and bromcresol green, respectively. Plasma clearance of rose bengal was 65% higher in diabetic rats. Total body clearance and steady-state volume of distribution values for all other anions were not different after induction of diabetes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Biliary excretion of organic anions in diabetic rats. 243 94

An alteration in the serum elastase 1 level in a previously non-diabetic patient, who unfortunately developed the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non-ketotic syndrome (HHNS), was observed after intravenous hyperalimentation for 6 days. The patient underwent the therapy because of the occurrence of severe persistent anorexia which appeared as a side effect of treatment of lung cancer with combined anticancer drugs. In parallel with progressive dehydration, levels of serum elastase 1 and urine glucose became greatly elevated at an earlier stage of HHNS. A slight increase in serum alpha 1-antitrypsin was observed. However, there were no significant changes in serum amylase activity and serum alpha 2-macroglobulin level before or during HHNS. The elevation of the serum elastase 1 level was considered to be due to serum electrolyte abnormalities and the defect of serum alpha 2-macro-globulin elevation. Rehydration therapy with half-normal saline solution immediately produced negative urine glucose, but the serum elastase 1 level only gradually normalized after improvement of HHNS.
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PMID:Significance of increased serum elastase 1 level during the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non-ketotic syndrome. 244 40

A 42-year-old male began to show frequent hypoglycemic attacks, 25 days after total gastrectomy. By that time, he had received intravenous hyperalimentation therapy with bovine insulin. Incidence of these attacks increased despite the dose of glucose was escalated and insulin administration was interrupted. Serum C-peptide level was 11.4 ng/ml and total immunoreactive insulin (IRI) level was 1170 mu u/ml with 1120 mu u/ml (96%) of gamma-globulin-binding IRI. Since insulin antibody formation was suspected, we decreased the dose of glucose to reduce the endogenous insulin production. Consequently total IRI, binding IRI and C-peptide levels decreased, and hypoglycemic attacks disappeared. These results imply that insulin antibody, once induced by bovine insulin, binds with endogenous insulin. Therefore, it is concluded that heterogenous insulin should not be given during hyperalimentation, especially for patients with good glucose tolerance. When insulin antibody developed, it is effective to reduce the dose of glucose in order to decrease endogenous insulin production.
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PMID:[Hypoglycemia induced by insulin antibody during postoperative management with intravenous hyperalimentation--a case report and qualitative analysis of insulin antibody]. 250 1


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