Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Metabolism of perfused livers from control and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)-lesioned rats has been studied. To eliminate the possibility that observed metabolic abnormalities could be realted to hyperphagia, VMH-lesioned rats were placed on restricted diet matching that of controls. Ten days postoperatively, VMH-lesioned rats had hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, increased blood urea nitrogen levels, together with decreased plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and glucose levels. Insulin release produced in vivo by a glucose load was much higher in VMH-lesioned than in control rats. Perfused livers from VMH-lesioned rats secreted more triglycerides and produced more urea than controls, whereas production of glucose and ketone bodies was reduced. Lipogenesis, newly synthesized triglyceride secretion, and the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase were greatest in livers from VMH-lesioned rats. Fasting abolished hyperinsulinemia and most of these observed metabolic alterations. After treatment with anti-insulin serum, the high rate of lipogenesis observed in livers from VMH-lesioned rats was restored toward normal. It is suggested that hyperinsulinemia may be partly responsible for the metabolic disorders observed in livers from nonhyperphagic VMH-lesioned rats.
 ...
PMID:Consequences of ventromedial hypothalamic lesions on metabolism of perfused rat liver. 1 11

The effect of local hyperalimentation on developing granulation tissue was studied in rats. Cylindrical hollow viscose cellulose sponge implants were used subcutaneously as an inductive matrix fro the growth of granulation tissue. In the first, control group the implants were kept untouched while the second, "sham" group was treated daily by withdrawing 1 ml of wound fluid from the central dead space of the implant and then injecting the fluid back. In the third, hyperalimentation group the aspirated wound fluid was substituted with a corresponding volume of sterile, nonpyrogenic solution containing a mixture of amino acids (Le-7402 A) and glucose, electrolytes and vitamins (Le-7402 B). Within the first week of tissue growth daily application of these nutritional substances caused a changeover of local tissue from predominantly anaerobic towards more oxidative metabolism. Measurement of nucleic acid and hydroxyproline contents indicated enhanced accumulation of cells and collagen in tissues receiving local hyperalimentation. The results combined with earlier data from our laboratory strongly suggest that several types of wounds, especially those containing a marked dead space or large regenerative area, exist in chronic lack of oxygen and other nutrients. Therefore, the healing process in these wounds can be stimulated, to a certain extent, by exposure to increased oxygen tension and/or by local hyperalimentation.
 ...
PMID:Local hyperalimentation of experimental granulation tissue. 2 Jul 23

Eleven plasma proteins were compared for each of three groups of 10 closely matched patients before and 15 days after rectal excision who were receiving an addition to oral diets the following parenteral solutions by central venous catheter: 1) no hyperalimentation, 2) hypertonic glucose plus amino acids, or 3) amino acids alone. Plasma transferrin, prealbumin, and retinol-binding protein were normal before surgery in all but seven patients. Postoperatively, concentrations were decreased, but were restored to normal after full hyperalimentation whereas they were significantly less and lower than normal in controls and patients receiving amino acids. Acute phase proteins were higher than normal before surgery and also 15 days later. Lower values in patients receiving hyperalimentation were mainly due to hydration compared with higher values in the other groups caused by the higher incidence of sepsis. It is concluded that full hyperalimentation after major surgery restores "visceral" proteins more rapidly than by infusion of amino acids alone and is associated with fewer clinical complications.
 ...
PMID:Plasma proteins in patients receiving intravenous amino acids or intravenous hyperalimentation after major surgery. 8 26

Varied clinical observations of the presence of either hunger or anorexia during intragastric or intravenous alimentation have led to the current experiments. Nine rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were involved in studies of the long-term effects of enteral and parenteral nutrition on appetite as assessed by feeding behavior and gastric motility. The monkeys received either intragastric infusions of glucose or a complete liquid diet, or intravenous infusions of glucose or glucose/amino acid solutions. Oral intake was accurately adjusted to account for the calories administered by the intragastric route. Oral intake was also reduced in a calorically equivalent amount to account for the calories received during intravenous glucose. When glucose/amino acid solutions were administered parenterally, adjustments were less accurate, with resultant overeating and weight gain in some monkeys during parenteral nutrition, followed by prolonged suppression of appetite after cessation of the infusions. Further studies of the effects of varied compositions of parenteral nutrition, and varied methods of weaning from infusions, are indicated.
 ...
PMID:Effects of enteral and parenteral nutrition on appetite in monkeys. 9 52

Elemental enteral alimentation (EEA) is an alternative to parenteral nutrition in patients with a functioning gastrointestinal tract and increased caloric requirements or in whom regular oral feeding is impossible or impractical. EEA is given by nasogastric, jejunostomy, or gastrostomy tube. It is useful in cases of short-gut syndrome, pancreatic disease, partial intestinal obstruction, colitis, neuropsychiatric cachexia, trauma, fistula, vascular insult, and renal and liver disease, as well as in patients being prepared for surgery or requiring hyperalimentation after surgery or abdominal irradiation. Strict attention must be paid to fluid and electrolyte status and to blood and urine glucose levels in patients receiving EEA. With use of a nasogastric tube, infection of the middle ear is a possible but uncommon complication.
 ...
PMID:Meeting exceptional nutritional needs. 2. Elemental enteral alimentation. 10 Jul 74

Metabolic studies were performed on 19 patients with acute renal failure. Therapy included intravenous hyperalimentation using 15 to 20 g of essential amino acids or 20 to 40 g of essential plus nonessential amino acids and hypertonic glucose (37 to 50%). The effect of this parenteral feeding appears to be primarily pharmacological. Hypertonic glucose promotes the hyperinsulinemia important to be membrane function, the operation of the sodium pump, and cell metabolism. Administration of high biological value crystalline amino acdis potentiates the effect of insulin by inhibiting protein breakdown and promoting protein synthesis, particularly in muscle. This reduces tissue catabolism and urea formation, and promotes potassium, magnesium, and phosphate homeostasis. The branched-chain ketogenic amino acids valine, leucine, and isoleucine may be of particular importance. When indicated, administration of renal failure hyperalimentation and peritoneal or hemodialysis can be expected to complement each other and accelerate recovery. This intravenous fluid therapy, in turn, must be coordinated with proper hemodynamics, usually requiring a colloidal solution to maintain intravascular volume, and cardiotrophic agents such as digitalis and dopamine. Early use of renal failure can be expected to demonstrate the most striking response in terms of survival, early recovery from acute renal failure, and the preservation of physiological homeostasis.
 ...
PMID:Criteria for choosing amino acid therapy in acute renal failure. 10 Oct 72

A premature baby with gastroschisis, ileal atresia and secondary short gut syndrome was sustained with the use of peripheral hyperalimentation consisting of 2 per cent Amigen, 12 per cent glucose and 10 per cent Intralipid at an average rate of 140 to 160 milliliters per kilogram per day or 100 to 111 kilocalories per kilogram per day. The weight of the child increased during the first four months to approximately 14 grams per day, with body length increasing by about 6 millimeters per week. Six reliable measurements of the total body water of the child during the four month period were obtained using deuterium oxide dilution followed by double vacuum distillation and falling drop analysis in a constant temperature chamber. Measurements obtained showed a gradual decrease of total body water from 77.13 per cent of body weight to 60.50 per cent during the study period, with values consistently on the lower end of the spectrum of known normal controls, even during periods of increased growth rates of as much as 35 grams per day. These data on total body water, coupled with the observed gains in body weight and length, support tissue accretion rather than fluid retention as the mechanism of weight gain in long term, high volume peripheral hyperalimentation.
 ...
PMID:Total body water changes during high volume peripheral hyperalimentation. 10 14

This paper represents an extensive review, spanning 30 years of experience with 404 patients with gastrointestinal fistulas. It includes the first period (1945-1960) during the introduction of antibiotics, the second period (1960-1970) which saw rapid improvements in parasurgical care including, respiratory support, perfection of antibiotics, some introduction of nutritional support and improved monitoring, and the third period which saw the introduction of parenteral nutrition specifically central venous hyperalimentation using hypertonic glucose and amino acids (1970-1975) in the treatment of patients with fistulas. The principal causes for mortality in the historical sense were malnutrition, sepsis and electrolyte imbalance. Mortality among patients with gastrointestinal cutaneous fistulas decreased between the first and second periods from approximately 48 to 15%. Surprisingly, mortality did not decrease further in the "hyperalimentation period" although spontaneous closure of gastrointestinal fistulase increased. The results suggest that the improvement in mortality in patients with gastrointestinal cutaneous fistulas is mostly due to the introduction of improved parasurgical care. It is acknowledged that nutritional support was practiced in the 1960's although this was generally not in the form of hyperalimentation. The addition of hyperalimentation in large scale to the treatment of gastrointestinal cutaneous fistulas has improved spontaneous closure and is a valuable part of the armamentarium. The decrease in mortality however, cannot be attributed to parenteral nutrition.
 ...
PMID:Review of 404 patients with gastrointestinal fistulas. Impact of parenteral nutrition. 11 38

An analysis of complications arising from hyperalimentation in 17 septic patients in an ICU is presented. All developed hypophyosphatemia. Hyperglycemia necessitated intravenous insulin in 16 patients. Hypoalbuminemia persisted in all patients despite 134 gm of protein a day. Abnormal liver function and azotemia were common. Catheter complications occurred in three of 90 catheter insertions. Mortality in this population was 70%. Guidelines for the use of Dextrostix for monitoring blood glucose levels and a protocol for hyperalimentation in patients with sepsis are suggested.
 ...
PMID:Problems encountered with hyperalimentation in critically ill patients. 11 53

Primary hypersecretion of insulin has been suggested as one possibility for the genetic fault of ob/ob mice. To test this hypothesis, streptozotocin (SZO) was used to reduce permanently insulin secretion in young lean and obese mice. After establishment of hyperglycaemia and weight reduction in treated obese mice (obese-SZO), daily insulin replacment was begun in some (obese-SZO-Ins). Obese-SZO mice maintained insulin levels and body weights similar to lean controls, though they were shorter and fatter, while food intake and blood sugar levels exceeded lean values. Obese-SZO-Ins mice with reduced islet hyperplasia, but great insulin resistance, gained more weight than obese-SZO mice; had high serum insulin and controlled blood glucose; and exhibited hyperphagia. These results suggest that primary hypersecretion of insulin cannot be the genetic defect, as ob/ob mice are hyperphagic, hyperglycaemic, insulin resistant, and "obese" even when insulin levels are restricted.
 ...
PMID:Effects of long-term restricted insulin production in obese-hyperglycemic (genotype ob/ob) mice. 13 28


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>