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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Periodic apnea and exercise hypoventilation were observed in a 14-year-old boy. Hyperphagia, obesity, serum hyperosmolality without diabetes insipidus or appropriate thirst, and retardation of growth and sexual development indicated a hypothalamic disorder. Neurologic evaluation was normal except for electroencephalographic changes induced by apnea. Pulmonary function tests, resting arterial blood gases in the wakeful state, and ventilatory response to inhaled CO2 were also normal. Acute hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis occurred with apnea during sleep and with insufficient ventilation during exercise. The central origin of sleep apneas was shown by esophageal pressure monitoring. The hypothalamic dysfunction and exercise hypoventilation distinguish this patient from others with obesity and periodic apnea.
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PMID:Periodic apnea, exercise hypoventilation, and hypothalamic dysfunction. 125 44

In a Mapleson D circuit the carbon dioxide content of gases, sampled at the breathing bag or near the bellows of the ventilator, is virtually constant throughout the phases of respiration. Assuming that after induction of anaesthesia the fresh gas inflow, if kept constant, is essentially equal in volume to the gas vented at the expiratory valve, CO2 output can be calculated by multiplying the fresh gas inflow by the CO2 content of the vented gas measured with a suitable CO2 analyzer. Anaesthesia with nitrous oxide-oxygen, supplemented with low doses of alphaprodine or halothane was compared in two groups of young patients who underwent dental surgery and who were breathing spontaneously. While the CO2 output in the group supplemented with alphaprodine increased from about 100 to 130 ml/m2/min, the halothane group showed a constant CO2 output of about 90 ml/m2/min followed by a significant rise within 5 minutes after halothane was discontinued. In 42 patients on controlled ventilation, no significant difference was found in the CO2 output estimated one hour after induction of anaesthesia in nitrous oxide-oxygen anaesthesia supplemented by halothane, ethrane or alphaprodine. The values obtained were 87 +/- 11 ml/m2/min for halothane (11 patients), 98 +/- 19 ml/m2/min for ethrane (14) and 93 +/- 13 ml/m2/min for the narcotic supplemented anaesthesia (17). The mean CO2 output for all 42 patients was 93 +/- 14 ml/m2/min. Six markedly obese patients under the same anaesthetic technique had a CO2 output of 114 +/- 17 ml/m2/min; however, their CO2 output was similar to normal patients when calculated on the basis of body weight. A marked increase in CO2 output to a mean of 160 +/- 25 ml/m2/min was found in eight patients undergoing operation while on hyperalimentation. The technique described appears suitable to monitor CO2 output under anaesthesia. In order to avoid hypercarbia when using a partial rebreathing system, the fresh gas inflow must be increased above recommended values in cases with increased metabolic activity (e.g. patients receiving hyperalimentation). In obese patients the fresh gas inflow should be calculated on the basis of body weight.
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PMID:Carbon dioxide output in anaesthesia. 125 73

Studies were performed to determine whether and/or how dietary lipids participate in maternal hypertriglyceridemia during late gestation in the rat. After oral administration of glycerol-tri(1-14C)-palmitate, total radioactivity in plasma increased more rapidly in 20-day pregnant rats than in either 19-day pregnant rats or virgin controls. At the peak of plasma radioactivity, four hours after the tracer was administered, most of the plasma label corresponded to 14C-lipids in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (d less than 1.006), and when expressed per micromol of triglyceride, values were higher in pregnant than in virgin rats. The difference was less after 24 hours, although at this time the level of 14C-lipids in d less than 1.006 lipoproteins was still higher in 20-day pregnant rats than in virgins. Tissue 14C-lipids, as expressed per gram of fresh weight, were similar in pregnant and virgin rats, but the values in mammary glands were much higher in the former group. Estimated recovery of administered radioactivity four hours after tracer in total white adipose tissue, mammary glands, and plasma lipids was higher in pregnant than in virgin rats. No difference was found between 20-day pregnant and virgin rats either in the label retained in the gastrointestinal tract or in that exhaled as 14C-CO2 during the first four hours following oral administration of 14C-tripalmitate. These findings plus the known maternal hyperphagia, indicate that in the rat at late pregnancy triglyceride intestinal absorption is unchanged or even enhanced and that dietary lipids actively contribute to both maternal hypertriglyceridemia and lipid uptake by the mammary gland.
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PMID:Appearance of circulating and tissue 14C-lipids after oral 14C-tripalmitate administration in the late pregnant rat. 264 50

Diabetic rats were used to test a previous hypothesis that alterations in ventrolateral hypothalamic (VLH) fatty acid oxidation observed in over- and underfed rats were a function of the animals' peripheral energy balance and not merely a function of their energy intake. Standard adaptations to the diabetic condition were exhibited in streptozotocin diabetic rats such as depressed body weights, hyperphagia and hyperglycemia, elevated serum free fatty acids, depressed insulin concentrations, depressed hepatic glucose oxidation and elevated hepatic fatty acid oxidation. Rates of VLH fatty acid oxidation to CO2 and to an acid, water-soluble fraction in diabetic rats were elevated relative to non-diabetic rats. The alterations in VLH fatty acid oxidation in diabetic rats were similar to changes previously observed in animals exhibiting a negative energy balance. The results were discussed with respect to the concept that VLH fatty acid oxidation was a component in the recognition of peripheral energy balance and, in part, served to alter the regulators of energy balance and food intake.
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PMID:Induction of ventrolateral hypothalamic fatty acid oxidation in diabetic rats. 293 1

The autoperfused heart-lung preparation was developed as a method for extending the acceptable donor-to-recipient interval in clinical heart-lung transplantation. Metabolic substrate enhancement has been shown to be necessary for the survival and homeostasis of the functioning preparation. To define basic metabolic requirements and to determine the resting energy expenditure of the working canine heart-lung preparation, two groups were studied. Ten canine heart-lung blocks were placed in a normothermic autoperfusion circuit. In Group 1 (n = 5), a hyperalimentation solution of balanced substrate was infused (15% dextrose, 4.25% amino acids, 8 meq magnesium sulfate, 30 IU/dl insulin, and 10% lipids). In Group 2 (n = 5), no substrate was given. The preparations were ventilated with a mixture of room air and 5% CO2 at a rate of 4 breaths/min to maintain physiological pH. Myocardial function was assessed by cardiac output determinations and mixed venous gases. Pulmonary function was assessed with arterial blood gases. The oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) were measured with a Metabolic Cart, and the resting energy expenditure was calculated. The mean survival time for Group 1 was 360 minutes, and all preparations were terminated electively. The mean survival time for Group 2 was 219 +/- 43 minutes (p less than 0.01) with congestive heart failure as the common terminal event. All parameters of cardiac function and blood gases remained within physiological limits without significant differences between groups. The resting energy expenditure, a measure of metabolic rate, was 2.5 +/- 0.3 kcal/hr in Group 1 and 1.0 +/- 0.2 in Group 2 at termination (mean +/- SD) (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Energy expenditure of autoperfusing heart-lung preparation. 318 Mar 88

A boy referred at the age of 4 years because of obesity and under observation for 16 years, was found to be suffering from a hypothalamic syndrome of unknown origin characterized by progressive obesity, polyphagia, deficiency of growth and thyroid hormone, hyperprolactinemia, hypodipsia, hypernatremia and hyperosmolality without diabetes insipidus. At ages 11 and 16 there were 3 day episodes of spontaneous muscular weakness, hypersomnolence and hypothermia associated with central sleep apnea and severe bradycardia. Subsequently, decreased ventilatory responsiveness to carbon dioxide (CO2) was found as a consequence of blunted neural drive. Therapy with clomipramine HCl (Anafranil Ciba-Geigy) for 6 months led to a normalization of serum sodium levels, pulse rate, ventilatory response to dioxide with no recurrence of the central apnea within 4 following years.
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PMID:Recurrent hypothermia, hypersomnolence, central sleep apnea, hypodipsia, hypernatremia, hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia and growth hormone deficiency in a boy--treatment with clomipramine. 346 79

The genetically obese (ob/ob) mouse is hyperphagic and hypercorticosteronemic; both hyperphagia and excessive weight gain are ameliorated by adrenalectomy. We report here that corticosterone or dexamethasone stimulate feeding in obese mice at one-fifth the dose needed to increase feeding in lean littermates. Metabolic weight loss, a measure of carbon dioxide and water lost due to respiration, is stimulated by glucocorticoids. Yet we find that obese mice are only one-seventh as sensitive as lean mice to the enhancement of metabolic weight loss following corticosterone. Therefore, hypersensitivity to glucocorticoid-induced feeding and hyposensitivity to glucocorticoid-stimulated weight loss may act in tandem to produce the ob/ob's exaggerated weight gain.
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PMID:Genetically obese (ob/ob) mice are hypersensitive to glucocorticoid stimulation of feeding but dramatically resist glucocorticoid-induced weight loss. 356 Nov 66

Ricardo T., aged 20 years, was a passenger in a Varig air-craft which suffered an accident on July 11th 1973. A fire developed on board whilst the plane was in the air, at about 3 p.m. After emergency landing, rescue workers (firemen and emergency ambulance teams) discovered only two survivors amongst the 122 passengers. One was in his forties and died a few moments later. The other (Ricardo) was rapidly transported to the surgical and traumatological intensive care unit of the Henri Mondor Hospital. At the time of arrival, he was in stage 1 coma with skin burns (3rd degree), burns of the airway and a high carbon monoxide blood level. Treatment consisted of assisted ventilation for 24 hours, with intermittent bronchial lavage used to eliminate ashes and calcinated debris, then for 10 days, spontaneous ventilation without intubation, with a tele-expiratory counter-pressure of 4 milibar in a mini-chamber (globe) enriched in oxygen. Intravenous hyperalimentation was started during the first few hours, continued on the 24th day by enteral alimentation. Initial chest XRays showed heavy flaky appearances, predominantly in the hilar region, and more marked on the right. At about the 15th day, XRay showed fibrous with predominance of signs of the apex. These sequellae were confirmed by respiratory function tests which gave objective evidence of a diffusion disturbance with decrease in membrane permeability coefficient. Repetition of RFT indicated a decrease in mechanical problems. On August 31st (on the 51st day) Ricardo was able to return to Rio in a good general condition, dorso-lumbar burns having healed. There was a dysphonia of mixed origin: scarred infiltrate of the vocal cords, but with normal mobility, and a decrease in vital capacity of --30%. Seen again in September 1978, Ricardo was found to be well with normal activity and slight effort dyspnea. Chest XRays showed signs of residual fibrosis.
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PMID:[Case history of a gassed patient]. 611 Dec 80

An indirect calorimetry system was assembled from three readily available major components: a digital pneumotachograph, an oxygen analyzer, and a carbon dioxide analyzer. A one-way valve, face mask, and meteorological balloon completed the system. Accuracy was assessed by comparison to direct calorimetry in hospitalized patients undergoing enteral hyperalimentation. Each subject was on continuous infusion of formula during a 7-day metabolic balance. Direct and indirect calorimetry was performed over the last 4 days of the balance. The overall agreement between the two methods was within 1%. A simple and inexpensive calorimetry system can therefore be assembled to provide an accurate measure of resting energy expenditure.
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PMID:A simple and accurate indirect calorimetry system for assessment of resting energy expenditure. 642 72

Intravenous hyperalimentation with dextrose can be associated with adverse respiratory and hepatic effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the respiratory and metabolic consequences of fat calories in excess of resting energy expenditure provided both continuously and discontinuously. No significant changes in respiratory mechanics, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, resting energy expenditure, serum substrates, liver function, or nitrogen balance were noted by the addition of 500 kcal of lipid emulsion to dextrose calories sufficient to meet energy requirements. The respiratory quotient declined significantly with the 12- and 24-hour lipid infusions, but persisted for the entire 24 hours only in the latter instance. The sustained and increased (46% v 36%) oxidation of lipid with a 24-hour infusion suggests that a continuous infusion of lipid is preferable to a discontinuous infusion.
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PMID:Metabolic and respiratory effects of continuous and discontinuous lipid infusions. Occurrence in excess of resting energy expenditure. 643 73


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