Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been suggested that a new diagnostic category be added to the section on eating disorders in DSM-IV. This new diagnosis has been termed binge eating disorder. In this article we argue that for two main reasons it would be a mistake to include binge eating disorder in DSM-IV: first, too little is known about binge eating and other related forms of recurrent overeating to justify its inclusion in DSM-IV; and second, its inclusion would be a source of diagnostic confusion. We argue that it is premature to crystallize this specific subgroup from amongst those who recurrently overeat and that to do so would impede the acquisition of knowledge rather than enhance it. We advocate a research strategy that involves studying broad samples of those with recurrent overeating rather than narrow ones.
 ...
PMID:The classification of recurrent overeating: the "binge eating disorder" proposal. 847 85

Extensive recent research supports a proposal that a new eating disorder, binge eating disorder (BED), be included in DSM-IV. BED criteria define a relatively pure group of individuals who are distressed by recurrent binge eating who do not exhibit the compensatory features of bulimia nervosa. This large number of patients currently can only be diagnosed as eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS). Recognizing this new disorder will help stimulate research and clinical programs for these patients. Fairburn et al.'s critique of BED fails to acknowledge the large body of knowledge that indicates that BED represents a distinct and definable subgroup of eating disordered patients and that the diagnosis provides useful information about psychopathology, prognosis, and outcome (Fairburn, Welch, & Hay [in press]. The classification of recurrent overeating: The "binge eating disorder" proposal. International Journal of Eating Disorders.) Against any reasonable standard for adding a new diagnosis to DSM-IV, BED meets the test.
 ...
PMID:Binge eating disorder should be included in DSM-IV: a reply to Fairburn et al.'s "the classification of recurrent overeating: the binge eating disorder proposal". 847 84

Symptoms of an eating disorder (hyperphagia, carbohydrate craving, and weight gain) are characteristic of wintertime depression. Recent findings suggest that the severity of bulimia nervosa peaks during fall and winter months, and that persons with this disorder respond to treatment with bright artificial light. However, the rates of eating disorders among patients presenting for the treatment of winter depression are unknown. This study was undertaken to determine these rates among 47 patients meeting the DSM-III-R criteria for major depression with a seasonal pattern. All were evaluated using standard clinical interviews and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. Twelve (25.5%) patients met the DSM-III-R criteria for an eating disorder. Eleven patients had onset of mood disorder during childhood or adolescence. The eating disorder followed the onset of the mood disorder. Clinicians should inquire about current and past symptoms of eating disorders when evaluating patients with winter depression.
 ...
PMID:Bulimia and anorexia nervosa in winter depression: lifetime rates in a clinical sample. 858 Jan 21

Numerous studies have estimated the frequency of bulimia nervosa among high school girls and college women, but population-based trends in incidence in a community have not been reported. In this study we determined the incidence of bulimia nervosa by identifying persons residing in the community of Rochester, Minnesota, who had the disorder initially diagnosed during the 11-year period from 1980 to 1990. Using our comprehensive population-based data resource (the Rochester Epidemiology Project), we identified cases by screening 777 medical records with diagnoses of bulimia; feeding disturbance; rumination syndrome; adverse effects of cathartics, emetics, or diuretics; polyphagia; sialosis; or vomiting. We identified 103 Rochester residents (100 female and 3 male) who fulfilled DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa during the 11-year study period. Mean +/- S.D. age for females at the time of diagnosis was 23.0 +/- 6.1 years (range, 14.4 to 40.2 years). Yearly incidence in females rose sharply from 7.4 per 100000 population in 1980 to 49.7 in 1983, and then remained relatively constant around 30 per 100000 population. The annual age-adjusted incidence rates were 26.5 per 100000 population for females and 0.8 per 100000 population for males. The overall age- and sex-adjusted annual incidence was 13.5 per 100000 population. Bulimia nervosa is a common disorder in adolescent girls and young women from 15 to 24 years of age. Histories of alcohol or drug abuse, depression, or anorexia nervosa were higher than expected in the general population.
 ...
PMID:Bulimia nervosa in Rochester, Minnesota from 1980 to 1990. 858 3

Two hundred one non-treatment seeking women with alcoholism, anxiety disorders, alcoholism and anxiety disorders, or neither alcoholism nor anxiety disorders were interviewed to assess core psychopathology associated with eating disorders using the Eating Disorders Examination and DSM-IIIR psychiatric diagnoses using the Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime version. Alcoholic women had significantly higher mean scores on each of the Eating Disorders Examination subscales of Restraint, Overeating, Eating Concern, Shape Concern, and Weight Concern compared with nonalcoholic women. Women with anxiety disorders had significantly elevated scores on subscales of Overeating, Eating Concern, and Weight Concern compared with women without anxiety disorders. Women with both alcoholism and anxiety disorders had higher rates of bulimia nervosa and/or eating disorder NOS compared with women with either disorder alone. Implications of these findings are discussed in the context of the co-morbid association between alcoholism, eating disorders, and anxiety disorders.
 ...
PMID:Eating pathology among women with alcoholism and/or anxiety disorders. 890 68

The present study examined the prevalence of eating disorders in a male representative random sample in Tyrol. The data were collected by telephone. Of the 1000 men, 8 (0.8%) met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for binge eating disorder. An additional 42 subjects (4.2%) exhibited a partial binge eating syndrome. These two otherwise widely identical groups of binge eaters were separated only by the DSM-IV frequency criterion. Five subjects (0.5%) met the DSM-IV criteria for the diagnosis of bulimia nervosa, and 94 men (9.4%) reported recurrent overeating. Men with any eating disorder were mostly overweight or obese. The findings show that there is a significant difference in eating disorders between men and women, but certain eating disorders are frequent not only in women but also in men.
 ...
PMID:[Eating disorders in males: a representative survey]. 989 82

Studies examining the demographic and clinical features of depressed patients who meet criteria for the atypical features subtype have often yielded conflicting results. The present study sought to evaluate the demographic and clinical correlates associated with each of the five symptoms (mood reactivity, hypersomnia, hyperphagia, leaden paralysis and rejection sensitivity) that constitute the DSM-IV criteria set of atypical depression. Symptom prevalence rates were determined for 661 psychiatric outpatients diagnosed with a major depressive disorder, and were analyzed as a function of age, sex, severity, and episode duration. We found that: (1) younger age was positively associated with hypersomnia and negatively associated with leaden paralysis, while middle age was positively associated with both hyperphagia and rejection sensitivity; (2) female sex was associated with all of the atypical symptoms except rejection sensitivity; (3) a greater severity of illness was positively associated with leaden paralysis and rejection sensitivity, and negatively associated with mood reactivity; and (4) a duration of illness of greater than 3 months was positively associated with hyperphagia, leaden paralysis, and rejection sensitivity. Thus, the five atypical features do not appear to be associated with the same clinical profiles.
 ...
PMID:Symptoms of atypical depression. 1171 Nov 70

Menstruation is a biological phenomenon that has been subject of myths and taboos within and among various cultures. These myths distort the reality surrounding menstruation and create ambivalent feelings about the value and usefulness of this function outside of its necessity as mean of reproduction. Thus studies concerning menstruation need to take into account cultural and psychosocial factors that define the meaning, values and behavior associated with this biological phenomenon. According to several studies, 70% of women experience psychological faintness during this menstrual phase, 40% of them have these symptoms at each menstruation and between 3 to 8% of them suffer severely reacquiring medical support. This entity called premenstrual dysphoric disorder is defined by the presence of several symptoms (distress, tension, irritability, moodiness.) with a significant impairment in work or social functioning beginning during the week before and ending within a few days after the onset of menses. Several studies conducted over the past few years suggested that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotoninergic tricyclic drugs may be more effective than other types of antidepressants in treating PMS symptoms. Two protocols are proposed; a continuous treatment or intermittent use during few days during pre-menstrual and menstrual phase for several cycles. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the prevalence of a potential premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) during one menstrual cycle, in a representative sample of general population of Casablanca, according the DSM IV criteria. On the other hand, a questionnaire, available from the authors, was used to explore socio-demographic data. Among 618 women interviewed, 310 met the criteria of a potential PMDD (50.2%). The mean age of the population with PMDD was 32.2 8 years ranging from 20 to 50 years; 54.8% of them were married, 33.9% of them were single and 66.5% of them had between 1 to 4 children. Two third of them were without a professional activity. During this premenstrual phase the following symptoms were found among the whole sample: marked depressive mood, feeling of hopelessness, or self-depreciation thoughts (77.7%, n=241%); difficulty of concentration (65%, n=201); marked change in appetite, overeating or specific food craving (82.8%, n=256); marked affective lability, with sadness tearful and increased sensitivity to rejection (65.8%, n=204); hypersomnia or insomnia (59.7%, n=185); subjective sense of being overwhelmed or out of control (55.7%, n=172); lethargy, excessive fatigability (91.6%, n=283); physical symptoms including breast tenderness, swelling, headache, joint or muscular pain, and a sensation of bloating and weight gain (81.9%, n=253). The most severe symptoms were fatigue and irritability. On the other hand, 73.9% of the sample had a disturbance in their socio-professional lives as a consequence to the psychological disturbances. Half of these women consulted a physician, mostly a general practitioner. These data are in accordance with the literature, confirming that this disorder is common and has a bad impact on mental health and on quality of life of the women suffering from PMDD.
 ...
PMID:[Assessment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder symptoms: population of women in Casablanca]. 1250 65

The diagnostic concept of binge eating disorder (BED) was introduced in response to the clinical observation of Stunkard (1959) that some people with obesity have recurrent episodes of binge eating. We suggest that the DSM-IV concept of BED has resulted in the recruitment of heterogeneous research samples, amongst which are some people with BED, as described by Stunkard, some with bulimia nervosa, some with other types of eating disorder, and some with no eating disorder. We consider the difficulties distinguishing BED from other forms of overeating, especially in patients with obesity, and from nonpurging bulimia nervosa. We propose revised diagnostic criteria for BED and bulimia nervosa that are designed to minimize these problems.
 ...
PMID:Refining the definition of binge eating disorder and nonpurging bulimia nervosa. 1290 Sep 89

According to the DSM IV, pica is a trouble of alimentary behavior, which is characterized by the ingestion of non-nutriment substances during at least on the month. The main objective of this study conducted at the Clermont-de-l'Oise Interdepartmental Medical Center is to evaluate pica's prevalence for hospitalized patients. Secondary objectives are to describe clinical characteristics, complications and outcome upon the different therapeutic approaches. The patients hospitalized in the Adult and/or Pediatric Department of Psychiatry, which fulfilled the 4 criteria of the DSM IV, were considered eligible for the study. In order to better evaluate the severity of behavioral troubles evoked by item D of DSM IV definition, we elaborated specific severity and preoccupation scales. The severity scale reflects the complications due to the ingestion of the non-nutriment substances, the encountered risks in the case of persistence of these troubles as well as the patient's management. The preoccupation scale reflects the medical team's involvement towards the patient in order to prevent life-threatening complications. The two scales are graded from 0 to 5 according to the severity or to the degree of preoccupation, respectively. Only patients with scores 3 were considered as fulfilling the severity criteria. Among the 943 hospitalized patients at a selected time period, 23 adult patients have been considered eligible. According to these data, prevalence of pica was estimated at 2.44%. This value may seem an underestimation when compared to the values reported in the medical literature, which range from 9 to 25%. Additionally, among the 108 hospitalized infant patients, none fulfilled DSM IV criteria, which is surprising, as pica is relatively common in childhood. These results may be explained by the use of the more restrictive criteria of the DSM IV and also by the difficulties encountered in considering pica as an independent medical condition. Indeed, pica is often a secondary diagnosis associated with other psychiatric conditions characterized by profound mental deterioration. Two pathogenic factors were constantly searched in the medical records: iron-deficiency anemia and psychopathology. Cultural factors can be a priori eliminated, as most of these patients are in rupture with their family environment since low ages. Only two patients presented with iron-deficiency anemia and its correction did not result in pica's improvement. These findings do not support the -studies presenting pica as an iron-deficiency anemia induced trouble, which regress after a well-conducted iron replacement. Most patients were found to have precocious lack of affect in their medical history. All patients presented other associated psychiatric troubles including severe mental impairment (48%) and dysharmonic development (26%), as well as autistic troubles and schizophrenia. These data concur with other studies, which associate pica to other psychiatric disorders. Gluttony is a widely represented symptom in our study population (87%) and predisposes to food aspiration. It is the mark of frenetic orality and concerns comestible as well as non-comestible compounds. The ingestion of non-nutriment compounds could therefore be considered as an incapacity of discerning among different mouth-introduced substances. Auto- and hetero-aggressive disorders have been reported in 77% of the patients. These behaviors arise mostly in the phase of seeking of substances, especially if these are particularly attractive. The enhancement of the -anxiety, which often arises in the eventuality of hindering of the act, as well as the soothing effect of the ingestion, suggests a compulsive activity. This compulsive activity could be related to an addictive conduct. Pica could therefore be related to obsessive-compulsive disorders and benefit from its specific therapy, either behavioral or chemotherapy with serotonin-recapture inhibitors. The most common clinical forms of pica were phytophagia and geophagia, probably due to the facility of access to these substances. However, 31 distinct substances have been identified in our study. Pica's evolution often implies severe complications, which are sometimes life threatening in spite of a well-conducted treatment. Severity factors include the iteration of medical and surgical complications, as well as the type of ingested products. Our results show a high incidence of surgical complications, essentially gastro-intestinal. Due to the elevated incidence of complications and to the high rate of mortality, some authors proposed systematical search of pica for any gastro-intestinal troubles arising in patients suffering from mental disorders. For these patients for whom anamnesis is often difficult, a standard X-ray of the abdomen is an essential imaging study. Respiratory complications come in second position and infectious complications are seen mostly for the geo- and coprophagia-suffering patients, which contract intestinal parasitosis. Because of its multifactor causality, treatment of pica is complex, and results are often deceiving. Symptomatic neuroleptic therapy results in transient improvement and is indicated especially in delirious patients. Psychotherapy with behavioral approaches and different institutional approaches can be proposed. Indeed, pica could be considered as an acquired behavior, which could benefit from cognitive and behavioral therapies. Institutional management including supportive and compassionate care, restoration of self-confidence is interesting for these patients. Some authors even suggest that pica might be considered as a good indicator of the institution's care quality.
 ...
PMID:[Pica: a descriptive study of patients in a speciality medical center]. 1461 90


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>