Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 15-year-old Hispanic female was started on risperidone for new-onset psychosis. The patient responded well to the gradual dose increase but developed rapid weight gain secondary to polydipsia and polyphagia. She also began complaining of nipple discharge and griping abdominal pain on the left lower quadrant by the third week of treatment. Her prolactin level escalated to three times normal with a weight gain of 12 pounds in 16 days. Risperidone was switched to another antipsychotic. Her prolactin level then dropped to a normal level within 7 days and she lost 7 pounds in the next 2 weeks. Her abdominal pain, galactorrhea, polydipsia, and polyphagia subsided within the first few days of the cessation of risperdione.
 ...
PMID:Risperidone-induced polydipsia and polyphagia associated with galactorrhea, abdominal pain, and rapid weight gain in an adolescent Hispanic female. 1798 54

Biological vulnerability concerning eating disorders can include dysfunction of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine that regulate feeding. Studies have shown that all three neurotransmitters, especially serotonergic system, are dysfunctional in eating disorders. Although the satiety-promoting role of the serotonergic system in the control of food intake is well established, there is no current evidence that any selective serotonergic receptor subtype mediates the intake of a specific macronutrient. The role of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptor subtypes on food intake and dietary choices was investigated. 20 groups of male Wistar rats, 8 animals each, were intraperitoneal injected 0.05-4.0 mg/kg buspirone (5-HT1A agonist), 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg mesulergine (5-HT2C antagonist with dopaminergic properties), 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) (5-HT2C/1B agonist) and combinations of mesulergine with buspirone or m-CPP, as well as buspirone with m-CPP at same doses. One group of rats received 1.0 mg/kg apomorphine (dopamine agonist). Animals were given access to a pair of isocaloric diets (protein, PED, or carbohydrate enriched diet, CED) for 4 hours after drug treatment in a food deprivation schedule. Mesulergine caused hyperphagia accompanied by an increase in both PED and CED intake, with CED intake reversed by m-CPP. Busprirone and m-CPP spared protein intake, with an increase and decrease of CED intake consequently. Buspirone due to its action on 5-HT1A autoreceptors seems to affect diet selection indirectly, since its effect on carbohydrate intake is reversed by m-CPP. 5-HT2C receptor blockade seems to be the most significant reason for increased carbohydrate consumption, rather than the inhibition of serotonin (5-HT) release through the 5-HT1A receptors. Our results suggest that both 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptor subtypes are involved in the protein-sparing effect of 5-HT, while the 5-HT2C receptors may have the prominent role on 5-HT induced food and carbohydrate intake suppression. These findings extend our understanding on neurobiological substrate of appetite and contribute to the studies related to new drugs against hyperphagia and other eating disorders, especially those referred to 5-HT2C compounds with agonistic properties.
 ...
PMID:[The role of serotonergic 2C receptors in neurobiology and treatment of eating disorders]. 2246 31

Background: Antipsychotic drugs (APs) are increasingly used to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. However, their safety and tolerability profiles, when used in a developmental age context, show different characteristics from the ones observed in adult patients. Treatment with APs in pediatric patients is often long-term. However, the tolerability data regarding these patients mostly derive from short-term studies. Methods: Starting from April 2017, for a 1-year period, patients between 4 and 18 years of age followed by five units of developmental age neuropsychiatry, who initiated a treatment with at least an AP (ATC class N05A) were included into the study. Patient-related data have been collected at baseline and regularly thereafter, as allowed by the clinical routine. Changes to continuous variables over time have been analyzed using a linear mixed model in subsamples of our population treated with risperidone or aripiprazole. Results: During the observation period, 158 patients were initially enrolled, but only 116 completed 12 months of therapy with an AP. Risperidone was the most used AP (n = 52) followed by aripiprazole (n = 44) and olanzapine (n = 7). For both the aripiprazole and risperidone groups, the mean body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.001 for both groups) and heart rate (P = 0.026 for aripiprazole group and P < 0.001 for the risperidone one) values significantly increased over time. The mean prolactin concentration value significantly increased over time only in the risperidone group (P = 0.04). Eighty-six patients experienced at least one adverse drug reaction (ADR), accounting for a total of 238 specific reactions, with the most frequent being weight gain (n = 34), increased serum prolactin levels (n = 21), hyperphagia (n = 20), and hypercholesterolemia (n = 14). Among these, only 24 ADRs were classifiable as serious. Conclusions: The results of this study confirm that risperidone and aripiprazole are relatively well-tolerated therapeutic options for the treatment of a variety of psychiatric disorders in pediatric patients. However, in findings such as statistically significant increments of BMI and heart rate mean values, the variations over time in prolactin levels observed with risperidone and the differences between the two drugs remark the necessity of systematic monitoring.
 ...
PMID:Safety and Tolerability of Antipsychotic Drugs in Pediatric Patients: Data From a 1-Year Naturalistic Study. 3226 49