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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of estrogen supplement on selective D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride induced weight gain was examined in ovariectomized (ovx.) rats. Sulpiride injection (10 mg/kg, s.c.) showed a significant increase of body weight and food consumption only in female rats. Bilateral ovariectomy completely abolished the weight gain and hyperphagia by sulpiride. Subcutaneous injection of estradiol benzoate (E2:5 micrograms/day, s.c.) for 14 days restored the effects of sulpiride on weight gain in ovx, rats and sulpiride injection with E2 supplement significantly increased the efficiency of food utilization. The present study suggested that estrogen should be involved in the induction of overweight and hyperphagia by sulpiride.
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PMID:Involvement of sex hormone in body weight gain by selective D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride. 227 23

This study compared attitudes and behaviors of men and women toward food and dieting. A questionnaire was administered to 198 consecutive adults coming to a family practice clinic; about one-fourth of these men and ten percent of the women were obese. Over 40 percent of the respondents had a high-self-esteem and 87 percent had a generally positive attitude toward themselves. Five times as many women were not satisfied with their weight and body image as men. Twice as many women as men felt the overweight condition had a moderate to strong effect on their self-esteem. Women thought about overeating and felt guilty when eating twice as often as men. Sixty-eight percent of women dieted monthly to a few times per year; seventy-five percent of men dieted once yearly or never dieted. Our society stresses thinness in its women; this study shows some of these effects.
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PMID:A comparison of attitudes and behaviors of men and women toward food and dieting. 238 81

Twenty-five patients, admitted through a Coronary Care Unit with their first myocardial infarction (MI), were interviewed close to discharge home about (a) their perceptions regarding the causes of their MI and (b) their knowledge of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. Psychosocial factors (overwork, stress, worry) were the most frequently cited causes of MI, with smoking and being overweight or overeating the most frequently cited physical causes. Knowledge of CHD risk factors concentrated on smoking, being overweight and dietary factors, although psychosocial factors were relatively frequently cited. High levels of satisfaction with staff-patient communication were expressed, but knowledge of advice given was generally vague or imprecise and concentrated on dietary modification. Smoking was well-recognized by smokers as a risk factor but less commonly related to their own MI. The main recommendation is for coronary rehabilitation information programmes to be more individualized to the patients' specific needs, based on a Personal Risk Factor and Health Beliefs Assessment for all patients.
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PMID:Rehabilitation information and health beliefs in the post-coronary patient: do we meet their information needs? 277 5

Unilateral coronal knife cuts through the ventrolateral pontine reticular formation produce overeating and overweight when combined with contralateral parasagittal knife cuts in the medial hypothalamus (MH). The knife cuts were in a position to sever fiber projections from the paraventricular nucleus to the hindbrain. The present study used histochemical techniques to confirm that hyperphagia-producing knife cuts transect PVN-hindbrain fiber connections. In Experiment 1, adult female rats received a unilateral coronal knife cut in the ventrolateral pontine reticular formation. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was applied to the knife cut region and two to three days later brains were processed for the localization of neurons labeled with HRP. HRP-labeled neurons were found in the PVN, particularly in the caudal parvocellular region. Additional HRP-labeled neurons were observed in other medial hypothalamic areas but none were found in the ventromedial nucleus. HRP-filled cells were also found in the lateral hypothalamus, central nucleus of the amygdala, and in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST). Many of the PVN projections to the hindbrain contain oxytocin and Experiment 2 determined if hyperphagia-inducing knife cuts sever PVN oxytocinergic fibers. Adult female rats received unilateral MH cuts, unilateral pontine cuts, or a contralateral combination of both cuts. One to eight days later the brains were processed for immunocytochemistry. The MH cuts and pontine cuts were found to interrupt descending oxytocinergic fibers. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that interruption of a direct PVN-hindbrain oxytocinergic projection is responsible for the hypothalamic hyperphagia-obesity syndrome. However, the results do not rule out the involvement of a multisynaptic pathway or additional neurochemical systems.
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PMID:Histochemical identification of a PVN-hindbrain feeding pathway. 284 13

In order to clarify the possible interaction between endogenous opioids and glucose homeostasis in obesity we studied Beta-Endorphin (B-Ep), ACTH, cortisol and insulin plasma levels in response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 8 females suffering from uncomplicated obesity and in 6 healthy volunteers of normal weight. Results were evaluated in terms of secretion areas subtracted from basal value. Basal glucose, insulin and B-Ep levels were significantly higher in the obese patients compared to controls, cortisol levels and ACTH were not statistically different between obese and normal subjects. During OGTT total areas of insulin secretion were significantly higher in the obese patients; cortisol, ACTH, B-Ep plasma levels did not change in controls, whereas obese patients showed a response to B-Ep which reached a peak at 60 minutes. The area of B-Ep response to OGTT in obese patients was significantly higher than in controls. On the basis of these results we may suggest that the opioid system belongs to the chain of neuroendocrine and metabolic events responsible for the origin and the growth of overweight. But the possibility exists that obesity itself can enhance the B-Ep secretion above all through overeating. In this regard it is to stress that glucose ingestion induces in obese patients, differently from normal subjects, insulin hypersecretion and the B-Ep secretion, possibly from gastro-enteric tract and/or pancreatic isles.
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PMID:Plasma beta-endorphin in response to oral glucose tolerance test in obese patients. 303 55

In Experiment 1, adult female rats were fed, in addition to chow and water, a carbohydrate source that consisted of pure amylopectin corn starch or hydrolyzed corn starch (Polycose) in either a dry powder form or a hydrated gel form. Over the 30-day test periods, carbohydrate intake, total food intake, and body weight gain were greater with the Polycose than with the amylopectin, and greater with the gel form than with the powder form of the carbohydrates. The amylopectin gel produced overeating and overweight relative to a chow-fed control group, although the effects were less than that obtained with the Polycose gel. In a second experiment, test meals of the carbohydrate gels produced larger postmeal increases in plasma glucose than did the carbohydrate powders. There was no effect of carbohydrate type (amylopectin vs. Polycose) on the plasma glucose response. In Experiment 3, the addition of amylopectin to a Polycose gel reduced carbohydrate and total caloric intake. Both orosensory and postingestive factors may contribute to the differential food intake and body weight gains produced by the different types (Polycose vs. amylopectin) and forms (gel vs. powder) of carbohydrates.
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PMID:Starch-induced overeating and overweight in rats: influence of starch type and form. 316 67

This study examined the involvement of caudal brainstem projections of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the medial hypothalamic (MH) hyperphagia-obesity syndrome. Experiment 1 demonstrated that a unilateral parasagittal knife cut in the MH combined with a contralateral coronal knife cut in either the ventrolateral pons (vP) or ventrolateral medulla (vM) significantly increased food intake and body weight in adult female rats. Overeating and overweight were also produced by a unilateral MH knife cut combined with a contralateral oblique cut under the nucleus of the solitary tract and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus complex (NST/DX). In contrast, an MH cut x dorsolateral medullary cut combination did not increase food intake or body weight compared to a MH cut alone or sham surgery. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the hyperphagia/obesity effect of MH x vP knife cuts was comparable to that obtained with bilateral PVN lesions, but less than that produced by bilateral MH knife cuts. Bilateral vP cuts also increased body weight but the effect was less than that obtained with the other experimental treatments. Feeding the rats a high-fat diet rather than chow potentiated the hyperphagia and obesity syndromes produced by the various lesion conditions. Taken together, these findings suggest that the medial hypothalamic hyperphagia and obesity syndrome is due, in part, to damage to PVN projections to the caudal brainstem, the NST/DX complex in particular. The functional significance of this PVN-hindbrain "feeding" pathway and the identity of extra-PVN components of the hyperphagia-obesity syndrome remain to be established.
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PMID:PVN-hindbrain pathway involved in the hypothalamic hyperphagia-obesity syndrome. 316 42

The current investigation evaluated the effects of levels of restraint, dietary intake, and obesity on both immediate (i.e., in the laboratory) and subsequent (i.e., outside the laboratory) self-reported dietary intake. Subjects were 102 college females, half of whom were given a high-caloric snack of a chocolate milkshake. Subjects were classified according to their level of chronic dieting status and relative weight. Chronic dieting status was measured by utilizing both the Concern for Dieting (CD) and the Weight Fluctuation (WF) factors of the revised restraint scale (Polivy, 1980). When using the WF factor, results indicated that obesity interacted with dieting status on total food consumption (i.e., calories for the entire day). That is, nondieting obese subjects reportedly ate significantly more calories than nondieting normal-weight subjects. Further, nondieting overweight subjects reported eating significantly more than low-restrained normal-weight subjects. On the CD factor, restrained eaters who received a preload reported eating significantly more calories than nondieters at lunch. For those subjects not receiving a milkshake, restrained eaters ate fewer calories at lunch than nondieters. The significance of these results for understanding possible energy imbalances in obese individuals as well as understanding pathological overeating and its consequences is discussed.
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PMID:Dietary restraint and obesity: their effects on dietary intake. 317 91

Adult female rats were allowed to self-select their diet from separate sources of fat, protein, and carbohydrate (starch). Other rats were fed a composite diet that matched the nutrient composition chosen by the self-selecting rats (50% fat, 28% protein, 22% carbohydrate) or a low-fat, high-carbohydrate chow diet. Half of the rats in each diet condition were given access to a 32% sucrose solution for 30 days. Sucrose availability increased total caloric intake (approximately 20%) and body weight gain in all three groups compared to control groups not fed the sucrose solution. The selection animals compensated for their sucrose intake by reducing their fat intake, and to a lesser degree, their starch intake; protein intake was the least affected by sucrose availability. The selection rats consumed less sucrose than the chow-fed rats and displayed a smaller increase in weight, relative to controls, than the chow-fed rats. These differences were attributed to the high-fat intake of the selection animals since similar results were obtained with the rats fed the composite diet. In particular, both the selection and composite diets produced mild obesity in the absence of sucrose. The results demonstrate that sucrose-induced overeating and overweight is not an artifact of restraining the diet choices of rats to a pure sugar and a nutritionally complete diet.
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PMID:Sucrose-induced hyperphagia and obesity in rats fed a macronutrient self-selection diet. 323 24

Food intake was studied in 339 French children, aged 7-12 years. Daily energy consumption and distribution of intake over the waking hours estimated from dietary histories were compared in children of five corpulence categories. The categories (lean, slim, average, fat, obese) were defined on the basis of the weight/height2 index. No difference in estimated daily energy intake was observed between corpulence groups; however, the reported distribution of intake over the waking hours varied. Obese and fat children ate less at breakfast and more at dinner than leaner peers. The traditionally larger meals of the day (lunch and dinner) represented higher proportions of daily intake in fat and obese children; the energy value of breakfast and afternoon snack was inversely related to corpulence. Although these effects do not rule out hyperphagia or increased 'externality' in some overweight subjects, the results suggest a possible contribution of disturbed metabolic and/or behavioral daily cycles in the development of overweight. This hypothesis, which should be investigated further, suggests prevention strategies.
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PMID:Obesity and food intake in children: evidence for a role of metabolic and/or behavioral daily rhythms. 323 62


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