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Query: UMLS:C0020505 (hyperphagia)
 6,116 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The light/dark (L/D) rhythms of food and water intake and urine output were studied in normal and diabetic rats for 7 consecutive days at 4-h intervals. The control rats showed the highest values of these parameters during the dark phase (83.68% food, 68.71% water, and 67.44% urine). The diabetic rats also maintained this nocturnal predominance, although the values were less marked (59.55% food, 55% water, and 56% urine). A circadian rhythm of food (phi = 3.31 h) and water (phi = 3.54 h) intake as well as of the volume of urine excreted (phi = 1.10) was detected in the control animals. The diabetic rats, inspite of presenting polyphagia, maintain the circadian rhythm of food intake, whereas a loss of the normal circadian variation of drinking intake was observed as well as the absence of circadian rhythm in urinary excretion. It was concluded that in streptozotocin-diabetic rats we have observed a loss of the normal patterns of water intake and urinary excretion, perhaps masked by the polydipsia and polyuria, whereas the circadian rhythm of food intake remains.
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PMID:Circadian rhythms of food and water intake and urine excretion in diabetic rats. 824 43

Since 1983 we have been involved in the diagnostic work-up and emergency treatment of a female patient now 48 years old who has a mitochondrial myopathy resembling Luft's disease. The syndrome was first described in 1959, and in more detail in 1962, by Luft and et al., who reported a picture of hypermetabolism with high temperature, extreme sweating, tachycardia, dyspnoea at rest, polydipsia, polyphagia and irritability but normal thyroid function. In 1971 and 1976 Haydar and Di Mauro presented a second case and proposed treatment with chloramphenicol. Our patient has the third case of the syndrome reported so far: her case was initially published in 1987. CASE REPORT. Since her 17th year of life the patient had suffered from episodes of fever, tachycardia and sweating. At the age of 32 these attacks worsened, leading to unconsciousness and apnoea. The patient then had to be intubated, ventilated and sometimes resuscitated. The diagnosis of MH susceptibility and Luft's disease was made on biochemical grounds after the first muscle biopsy in 1983. Therapy with chloramphenicol failed. Therapy with beta blockers, vitamin C and K or E, coenzyme Q10 and a high-caloric diet was started in 1985. The patient was registered with an emergency service, which flew her to our ICU whenever she had a severe crisis. For milder episodes she was supplied with an oxygen breathing mask at home. Myalgia increased with the episodes starting in 1988, and the patient needed dantrolene infusions and analgesics at home. To facilitate venepuncture a Port-A-Cath system was implanted in 1987, which had to be removed four times due to infection and sepsis. A muscle biopsy was taken in Rotterdam, which revealed differences in mitochondrial function from the biochemical findings recorded in 1983 and not in keeping with Luft's disease. Unfortunately, the patient was not able to undergo further metabolic investigations or therapeutic trials. ANAESTHESIA. The patient received three local and six general anaesthetics in our clinic. The muscle biopsies, two in 1983 and one in 1985, were performed under local infiltration with procaine and were uneventful. The general anaesthetics were carried out without MH trigger substances following pretreatment with dantrolene for the following surgical procedures: the repair of an extensive arterio-venous fistula between the brachiocephalicus trunk and the right jugular and subclavian vein, revision of the sternum cerclage, implantations and explanations of infectious Port-A-Cath systems. We used etomidate, propofol and fentanyl or alfentanil with nitrous oxide and oxygen for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. Muscle relaxation was induced with vecuronium or atracurium. All cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic and temperature measurements stayed in normal ranges. After the extensive vascular repair (av fistula) the patient had to be mechanically ventilated for some hours until normal body temperature was restored. At the end of all other periods of anaesthesia she was extubated in the operating theatre. In five cases the postoperative period was uneventful. Only once she developed a crisis with hyperthermia, tachycardia, sweating and dyspnoea. INTENSIVE CARE. From 1985 to 1992 the patient was treated in our ICU 21 times. On 11 occasions she was already intubated and being ventilated by the emergency service on arrival. Extubation was usually possible within 2-20 h. During the crisis, heart rate was about 160-190 per minute and temperature above 40 degrees C. Serum values of CK, glucose, BUN, electrolytes, lactate and thyroid hormones were always in the normal ranges. Blood gas controls showed a constant respiratory alkalosis, arterial pCO2 values decreasing to 20 mm Hg or less. In addition to mechanical ventilation, treatment consisted in dantrolene infusions and droperidol injections, supplemented from 1989 onward with piritramide injections because of the increased severity of myalgia. In 1991 we gave propofol by
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PMID:[Anesthesia and intensive therapy for a patient with mitochondrial myopathy]. 825 Feb 6

On a retrospective basis, the response to adding chronic oral bromide (BR) to phenobarbital (PB) administration in 23 refractory canine idiopathic epileptics between 1986 and 1991 was studied. The mean age for an observed first seizure was 24 months (range 7 to 72) for all dogs. Thirteen (57%) dogs were males with no breed predisposition observed. All dogs were diagnosed as having idiopathic epilepsy based on normal metabolic and neurologic diagnostic evaluations. Dogs were evaluated before BR therapy for a mean time of 22 months (range 5 to 75 months). Seventeen dogs (74%) received multiple antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) before BR therapy. All animals were maintained on PB at least 4 months before the onset of BR therapy, with a mean trough serum concentration of 37.8 mcg/mL and no improvement in seizure severity or recurrence. Twelve dogs presented with generalized isolated seizures and 11 with generalized cluster seizures (two or more seizures within 24 hours) as their first seizure. The effects of BR therapy were evaluated for a mean time of 15 months (range 4 to 33), with 17 dogs (74%) followed for 12 or more months. The mean BR serum concentration for the 0 to 4 months time period was 117 mg/dL compared with 161 mg/dL for the greater than 4 months period. Overall, response to BR therapy was associated with a reduction in the total number of seizures in 83% of the dogs when compared with their respective pre-BR period. For those followed for 1 year after BR, there was a 53% reduction in the number of seizures compared with the previous 12 months. Furthermore, owners reported a decrease in seizure intensity (65% of dogs) and change to a less severe seizure type (22% of dogs) in those dogs that continued to have seizures. Seizure-free status was obtained in 26% of the dogs with protection continuing up to 31 months in one dog. No correlations could be determined between response to BR and either age of onset of the first seizure or interval from the first AED therapy to BR therapy. Adverse effects of concomitant BR and PB therapy were polydipsia (56% of dogs), polyphagia (30% of dogs), excessive sedation (30% of dogs), and generalized ataxia (17% of dogs). As a result of BR treatment, the PB dosage was reduced in eight dogs (35%). In conclusion, concomitant BR and PB was well tolerated in dogs of this study and was effective in treating refractory canine idiopathic epilepsy, regardless of prior interval of seizure activity or previous treatment.
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PMID:Bromide therapy in refractory canine idiopathic epilepsy. 826 51

It has been shown that improvement of glucose homeostasis by oral vanadate or vanadyl treatment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats is accompanied by severe negative side effects (some deaths, decreased weight gain, alteration in renal function as well as tissue vanadium accumulation) which argue against the use of vanadium compounds in diabetes treatment. The present study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness in alleviating some signs of diabetes in streptozotocin-treated rats with oral therapy with sodium metavanadate (NaVO3) and sodium 4,5 dihydroxybenzene-1,3-disulfonate (Tiron), a chelating agent effective in mobilizing vanadium. In a preliminary experiment, diabetic rats were given aqueous solutions of 0.20 mg NaVO3/ml for 4 days. Vanadium-treated rats which showed blood glucose levels significantly lower (p < 0.001) than vanadate-untreated diabetic rats were selected for subsequent experiments. These animals were given 0.20 mg NaVO3/ml in drinking water and 0, 125.6, 314 or 628 mg Tiron/kg/d by gavage for 2 w. Although most of the animals did not become normoglycemic, several characteristic signs of diabetes (hyperglycemia, hyperphagia and polydipsia) were alleviated by the NaVO3 treatment. The administration of 314 mg Tiron/kg/d (approximately 1 NaVO3: 5 Tiron, mole ratio) did not diminish the ameliorative effects of NaVO3 with respect to diabetes, but significantly decreased the level of vanadium accumulation in target organs. These results show that some of the beneficial effects of NaVO3 are maintained in diabetic animals given Tiron, while the administration of the chelator results in a significant decrease in tissue vanadium accumulation. Accordingly, this would diminish the possibility of toxic side effects derived from prolonged oral vanadium administration.
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PMID:Oral vanadate and Tiron in treatment of diabetes mellitus in rats: improvement of glucose homeostasis and negative side-effects. 830 15

Diabetes is characterized by hyperphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, elevations in blood and urinary glucose, and alterations in the adrenergic nervous system. Insulin treatment is effective in reversing most of the adverse conditions of diabetes in the streptozotocin-treated rat. Acarbose (BAY G 5421), an intestinal alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, decreases postprandial glycemia by delaying carbohydrate absorption and also affords some beneficial effects in the diabetic animal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronic insulin (< or = 2 U/day) with and without acarbose treatment (20 mg/100 g of diet) on the metabolic and adrenergic parameters altered in streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, intravenously)-induced diabetes in female rats. Insulin dosage was changed weekly after the first 2 weeks of treatment in both insulin-treated groups in an attempt to maintain a level of blood glucose that was comparable to that achieved with acarbose treatment alone. Insulin dosage was reduced to a greater extent in the dual-treated group than in the group treated with insulin alone. Diabetic rats were hyperphagic, polydipsic, and polyuric within 1 week of streptozotocin treatment. Each treatment alone was effective in reducing these alterations. However, these reductions were more apparent in the combined therapy group. Only in this combined therapy group was glycated hemoglobin returned to normal. All treatments also prevented the significant weight loss observed in untreated diabetic animals. Adrenergic responses were assessed by monitoring the rise in tail skin temperature associated with administration of isoproterenol. Diabetic rats were less responsive than controls, and each of the treatments restored this response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of insulin and acarbose alone and in combination in the female streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. 830 97

We describe 5 children, 4 girls, aged 4-14 years with evolving hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. They had presenting features, isolated or combined, of polyuria and polydipsia (n = 3), weight gain and hyperphagia (n = 3), and growth failure (n = 1). During periods of 1-5 years per child, the following abnormalities developed: diabetes insipidus (n = 5), osmoreceptor dysfunction (hypernatraemia with absent thirst) (n = 3), hyperprolactinaemia (n = 3), growth hormone (GH) deficiency (n = 4, of whom 3 had normal linear growth), ACTH deficiency (n = 2), TSH deficiency (n = 2) and precocious puberty (n = 1, female). In 2 patients, high-resolution CT scans and MRI showed structural lesions of the hypothalamus 1.5 and 3.5 years after presentation. These were inaccessible and not biopsied. Scans in the remainder were normal. In conclusion, weight gain, impaired thirst, and hyperprolactinaemia were early features of evolving hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, and occurred with diabetes insipidus, accompanied by progressive anterior pituitary deficiencies. Pituitary hormone replacement with clinical and neuroradiological surveillance is important in any child with symptoms suggestive of an evolving hypothalamic lesion.
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PMID:Idiopathic hypothalamus-pituitary dysfunction: review of five cases. 840 39

The study, conducted over 4 years among 400 diabetic patients, reports the epidemiological and clinical aspects of diabetes mellitus at the National Hospital of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Epidemiologically, diabetes mellitus affects men by 64% and women by 36%. 76% are over 40 y. o., whereas only 2.2% are under 20. Clinically, the classification of diabetic patients shows that 10.7% are insulin-dependent and 76.5% non insulin-dependent. No usual tropical diabetes has been found. The calcifications observed in 2.5% of cases were combined with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. The classic triad (polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia) led to diagnostic by 41% of the patients, whereas 27.5% have been identified when having complications, and 23% by a systematic check-up. Cardio-vascular risk factors combined with diabetes have been found: obesity (28%), high blood pressure (20%), hyperuricaemia (14%), addiction to smoking (20%). The epidemiological characteristics, as well as the various clinical aspects, mostly complies with the observations of the african authors.
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PMID:[Diabetes mellitus at the National Hospital Center of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)]. 899 12

The effect of vitamin C supplementation on hepatic cytochrome P450 expression was investigated in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic male Wistar Albino rats. STZ-treated rats displayed the usual characteristics of diabetes including; hyperphagia, polydipsia, decreased body weight gain and also the increased expression and activity of hepatic CYP1A, 2B, 2E and 4A proteins. Vitamin C administration in drinking water (2% w/v) was associated with significant decreases in the levels of hyperglycaemia (P < 0.05), glycosylated haemoglobin (P < 0.05), hyperlipidaemia (P < 0.001), and hyperketonaemia (P < 0.001) associated with STZ-diabetes. Vitamin C-treatment selectively reduced the activity and expression of CYP2E proteins (P < 0.001). These effects on CYP2E expression may be mediated by the reduced levels of circulating ketone bodies, however, a direct effect on CYP2E expression in diabetes cannot be discounted.
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PMID:Effect of vitamin C supplementation on hepatic cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase activity in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. 900 94

The disease is named after George H. Whipple who, in 1907, was the first to describe an intestinal "lipodystrophy". Although Whipple's disease is generally recognized as a multisystem chronic granulomatous disease, primarily involving the digestive system, it can also appear as a primary neurological disorder in rare cases. Most often it is manifested with loss of weight, diarrhea, malabsorption, abdominal pain, lymphadenopathy, cardiopathy, hyperpigmentation and hypotension. The presence of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive macrophages in biopsy specimens (not only jejunal) and demonstration of "Whipple's bacilli" visible by electron microscopy, are diagnostic signs of active Whipple's disease. Whipple's disease confined to the CNS is rare. It is rarely found in the differential diagnosis of patients with progressive neurological deterioration. The most common neurological picture includes progressive dementia, external ophalmoplegia, myoclonus, seizures, ataxia, hypothalamic dysfunction (sleep disorders, hyperphagia, polydipsia) and meningitis. Oculofacial-skeletal myorhythmia as a movement disorder, associated with Whipple's disease, is reported. Fulminant course of cerebral Whipple's disease is unusual and unfavourable. The confusing and nonspecific clinical appearance is typical for primary CNS involvement. It has recently been suggested that CNS involvement occurs in all cases, although only 10-20% of patients may show it. The CNS is the most common site of disease relapse. The CT scans and MRI of the brain are often normal, but may show cortical/subcortical atrophy, hydrocephalus, focal or intracerebral mass lesions. The cerebrospinal fluid can sometimes contain PAS-positive macrophages. Brain biopsy is suggested as a diagnostic method in cases of high suspicion of CNS Whipple's disease. However, the lesions are frequently inaccessible and false negative. Without extended antibiotic therapy, the course of Whipple's disease is lethal. Now, the prognosis is good, although the optimal antimicrobial regimen is not clearly established. Initial parenteral therapy (tetracycline, penicilline, streptomycine, chloramphenicol, ampicilline) and peroral long-term treatment with trimetoprime-sulphametoxasole, are recommended. As CNS relapse of Whipple's disease may occur after several years, long-term treatment should include antibiotics that are able to cross the blood-brain barrier. The CNS relapse, in contrast to the systemic ones, is resistant to the treatment. Appropriate therapy instituted earlier in the course of the disease is associated with a better neurological outcome. Early recognition can be critical in Whipple's disease because of irreversible neurological sequelae seen later in the course of this potentially treatable condition. In cases with high clinical suspicion in which Whipple's disease cannot be diagnosed with procedures such as jejunal biopsy, antibiotic therapy is recommended. Recovery of an established neurological deficit may rarely occur. Longterm follow-up studies would help to identify the optimal antibiotic regimen and duration of treatment.
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PMID:[Neurologic disorders in Whipple's disease]. 910 28

Calcium antagonists have been reported to alter insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. However, there still exists a controversy over the benefits of calcium antagonists in the conditions when diabetes mellitus and hypertension coexist. In the present study the effects of six-week chronic amlodipine treatment (5 mg kg-1 p.o.) on insulin sensitivity and serum lipid levels in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats were investigated. Intravenous injection of STZ produced glucosuria (> 2%). hyperglycaemia, hypoinsulinemia, polydipsia, polyphagia, loss of body weight, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, hypertension and bradycardia. SH rats were found to have significantly higher insulin levels compared to their Wistar controls. Treatment of rats with amlodipine in diabetic and diabetic-hypertensive animals significantly prevented STZ-induced loss of body weight, hypertension and bradycardia. It also significantly prevented STZ-induced hyperglycaemia in both STZ-diabetic Wistar and SH rats. The insulin levels were decreased in the non-diabetic treated Wistar rats but were unaltered in the non-diabetic SH and the diabetic Wistar and SH rats. There was a significant reduction in cholesterol levels in diabetic Wistar and SH rats. In conclusion the present study revealed beneficial effects of amlodipine treatment in hyperinsulinemic, diabetic and/or hypertensive rats.
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PMID:Effects of chronic treatment with amlodipine in streptozotocin-diabetic and spontaneously hypertensive rats. 929 5


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